Iyini indima yento yokugcina amanzi exutshwe nezinto ze-gypsum powder?
Impendulo: kusetshenziswa i-gypsum yokuplasta, i-gypsum eboshiwe, i-gypsum yokucaulisa, i-gypsum putty nezinye izinto zokwakha eziwuphawuda. Ukuze kube lula ukwakhiwa, ama-retarder e-gypsum ayengezwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqiza ukuze kwandiswe isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwe-gypsum slurry. I-retarder iyengezwa ukuvimbela inqubo yokumanzisa ye-gypsum ye-hemihydrate. Lolu hlobo lwe-gypsum slurry ludinga ukugcinwa odongeni ihora eli-1 kuya kwamabili ngaphambi kokuba luqine, futhi iningi lezindonga linezakhiwo zokumunca amanzi, ikakhulukazi izindonga zezitini, kanye nezindonga ze-Air-concrete, amabhodi okushisa anezimbobo kanye nezinye izinto ezintsha zodonga ezilula, ngakho-ke i-gypsum slurry kufanele igcinwe ngamanzi ukuvimbela ingxenye yamanzi ku-slurry ukuthi ingadluleli odongeni, okuholela ekuswelekeni kwamanzi lapho i-gypsum slurry iqina futhi inganele ukumanzisa. Ngokuphelele, okubangela ukuhlukana nokuqhekeka kwe-joint phakathi kwe-plaster kanye nobuso bodonga. Ukwengezwa kwe-ejenti yokugcina amanzi kuwukugcina umswakama oqukethwe ku-slurry ye-gypsum, ukuqinisekisa ukusabela kokumanzisa kwe-slurry ye-gypsum endaweni yokuxhumana, ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla okubopha. Ama-ejenti okugcina amanzi asetshenziswa kakhulu ama-cellulose ethers, njenge: i-methyl cellulose (MC), i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC), njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-sodium alginate, i-modified starch, i-diatomaceous earth, i-rare earth powder, njll. ingasetshenziswa futhi ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uhlobo luni lwe-ejenti egcina amanzi engalibazisa izinga lokumanziswa kwe-gypsum ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, lapho inani le-retarder lingashintshi, i-ejenti egcina amanzi ngokuvamile ingalibazisa ukusetha imizuzu eyi-15-30. Ngakho-ke, inani le-retarder lingancishiswa ngokufanele.
Iyiphi imithamo efanele yento yokugcina amanzi ezintweni ze-gypsum powder?
Impendulo: Izinto zokugcina amanzi zivame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha eziwuphawuda njenge-plastering gypsum, i-bonding gypsum, i-caulking gypsum, kanye ne-gypsum putty. Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo lwe-gypsum luxutshwa ne-retarder, evimbela inqubo yokumunca amanzi ye-hemihydrate gypsum, kubalulekile ukwenza ukwelashwa kokugcinwa kwamanzi ku-slurry ye-gypsum ukuvimbela ingxenye yamanzi ku-slurry ukuthi ingadluleli odongeni, okuholela ekuswelekeni kwamanzi kanye nokumunca amanzi okungaphelele lapho i-slurry ye-gypsum iqina. Ukwengezwa kwe-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ukugcina umswakama oqukethwe ku-slurry ye-gypsum, ukuqinisekisa ukusabela kokumunca kwamanzi kwe-slurry ye-gypsum endaweni ehlanganayo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla okubopha.
Umthamo wayo ngokuvamile u-0.1% kuya ku-0.2% (okubalwa i-gypsum), lapho kusetshenziswa i-gypsum slurry ezindongeni ezimunca amanzi ngamandla (njengekhonkrithi evuvukele, amabhodi okushisa e-perlite, amabhlogo e-gypsum, izindonga zezitini, njll.), kanye nalapho kulungiswa i-bonding gypsum, i-caulking gypsum, i-surface plastering gypsum noma i-surface thin putty, inani le-ejenti yokugcina amanzi kudingeka libe likhulu (ngokuvamile u-0.2% kuya ku-0.5%).
Izinto zokugcina amanzi ezifana ne-methyl cellulose (MC) kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ziyancibilika emakhazeni, kodwa zizokwakha izigaxa esigabeni sokuqala lapho zincibilika ngqo emanzini. I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi idinga ukuhlanganiswa kusengaphambili ne-gypsum powder ukuze ihlakazeke. Lungisa ibe yimpuphu eyomile; engeza amanzi bese uvuselela, uyiyeke ime imizuzu emi-5, uvuselele futhi, umphumela ungcono. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje kunemikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether engancibilika ngqo emanzini, kodwa ayinawo umthelela omkhulu ekukhiqizweni kwe-dry powder mortar.
I-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi idlala kanjani umsebenzi wokungangeni manzi emzimbeni oqinisiwe we-gypsum?
Impendulo: Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokuvimbela amanzi zisebenza umsebenzi wazo wokuvimbela amanzi emzimbeni oqiniswe yi-gypsum ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokusebenza. Ngokuyisisekelo zingafingqwa ngezindlela ezine ezilandelayo:
(1) Nciphisa ukuncibilika komzimba oqiniswe yi-gypsum, wandise i-coefficient yokuthambisa, bese uguqula kancane i-calcium sulfate dihydrate enokuncibilika okuphezulu emzimbeni oqinisiwe ibe usawoti we-calcium onekuncibilika okuphansi. Isibonelo, i-saponified synthetic fatty acid equkethe i-C7-C9 iyangezwa, bese kufakwa inani elifanele le-quicklime kanye ne-ammonium borate ngesikhathi esifanayo.
(2) Dala ungqimba lwefilimu olungangeni manzi ukuvimba izikhala ezincane ze-capillary emzimbeni oqinile. Isibonelo, ukuxuba i-paraffin emulsion, i-asphalt emulsion, i-rosin emulsion kanye ne-paraffin-rosin composite emulsion, i-asphalt composite emulsion ethuthukisiwe, njll.
(3) Shintsha amandla angaphezulu omzimba oqinile, ukuze ama-molecule amanzi abe sesimweni sokubumbana futhi angakwazi ukungena eziteshini ze-capillary. Isibonelo, kufakwa izinto ezahlukene zokuxosha amanzi ze-silicone, okuhlanganisa namafutha e-silicone ahlukahlukene ahlanganisiwe.
(4) Ngokusebenzisa i-coating yangaphandle noma ukucwilisa ukuze kuhlukaniswe amanzi ekucwilisweni kwemigudu ye-capillary yomzimba oqinile, kungasetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinto zokuvimbela amanzi ze-silicone. Ama-silicone asekelwe ku-solvent angcono kune-silicone asekelwe emanzini, kodwa owokuqala wenza ukungena kwegesi komzimba oqinile we-gypsum kwehle.
Nakuba izinto ezahlukene zokuvimbela amanzi zingasetshenziswa ukuthuthukisa ukungangenwa kwamanzi kwezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum ngezindlela ezahlukene, i-gypsum iseyinto yokuqinisa umoya, engafaneleki ezindaweni zangaphandle noma ezimanzi isikhathi eside, futhi ifaneleka kuphela ezindaweni ezinezimo ezimanzi nezomile ezishintshanayo.
Kuyini ukuguqulwa kwe-gypsum yokwakha nge-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi?
Impendulo: Kunezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko zokusebenza kwe-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi ye-gypsum: enye iwukwandisa i-coefficient yokuthambisa ngokunciphisa ukuncibilika, kanti enye iwukunciphisa izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi kwezinto ze-gypsum. Futhi ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi kungenziwa ngezici ezimbili. Enye iwukwandisa ukuqina kwe-gypsum eqinile, okungukuthi, ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwe-gypsum ngokunciphisa ama-porosity kanye nemifantu yesakhiwo, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana kwamanzi kwe-gypsum. Enye iwukwandisa amandla obuso bomzimba we-gypsum eqinile, okungukuthi, ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi kwe-gypsum ngokwenza ubuso be-pore bube ifilimu ephobisa amanzi.
Izinto zokuvimbela amanzi ezinciphisa ukubhoboka zidlala indima ngokuvimba izikhala ezincane ze-gypsum nokwandisa ukuqina komzimba we-gypsum. Kunezingxube eziningi zokunciphisa ukubhoboka, njenge: i-paraffin emulsion, i-asphalt emulsion, i-rosin emulsion kanye ne-paraffin asphalt composite emulsion. Lezi zinto zokuvimbela amanzi ziyasebenza ekunciphiseni ukubhoboka kwe-gypsum ngaphansi kwezindlela ezifanele zokulungiselela, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, zinemiphumela emibi emikhiqizweni ye-gypsum.
Isixoshi samanzi esivame kakhulu esishintsha amandla angaphezulu yi-silicone. Ingangena ngaphakathi kwembobo ngayinye, ishintshe amandla angaphezulu ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile bobude, ngaleyo ndlela ishintshe i-engeli yokuxhumana namanzi, yenze ama-molecule amanzi ahlangane ndawonye ukuze akhe amaconsi, avimbele ukungena kwamanzi, afeze injongo yokuvimbela amanzi, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo alondoloze ukungena komoya kwe-plaster. Izinhlobo zalolu hlobo lwe-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi zifaka phakathi: i-sodium methyl silicone, i-silicone resin, uwoyela we-silicone ohlanganisiwe, njll. Vele, le ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi idinga ukuthi ububanzi bembobo bungabi bukhulu kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ayikwazi ukumelana nokungena kwamanzi acindezelwe, futhi ayikwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga zesikhathi eside ezingangeni manzi nezivikela umswakama zemikhiqizo ye-gypsum.
Abacwaningi basekhaya basebenzisa indlela yokuhlanganisa izinto eziphilayo nezinto ezingaphili, okungukuthi, ngokusekelwe ku-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi ye-emulsion ephilayo etholwe ngokuhlanganisa i-polyvinyl alcohol kanye ne-stearic acid, kanye nokwengeza itshe le-alum, i-naphthalenesulfonate aldehyde condensate. Uhlobo olusha lwe-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi ye-gypsum composite lwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa i-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi ye-salt. I-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi ye-gypsum composite ingaxutshwa ngqo ne-gypsum namanzi, ihlanganyele enkambisweni yokwenza i-crystallization ye-gypsum, futhi ithole umphumela ongcono wokuvimbela amanzi.
Iyini imiphumela yokuvimbela ye-silane waterproofing agent ku-efflorescence ku-gypsum mortar?
Impendulo: (1) Ukwengezwa kwe-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi ye-silane kunganciphisa kakhulu izinga lokuphuma kwe-gypsum mortar, futhi izinga lokuvinjelwa kwe-gypsum mortar liyakhula ngokwanda kokungezwa kwe-silane ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuthile. Umphumela wokuvimbela we-silane ku-silane engu-0.4% ulungile, futhi umphumela wawo wokuvimbela uvame ukuzinza lapho inani lidlula leli nani.
(2) Ukwengezwa kwe-silane akugcini nje ngokwakha ungqimba olungangeni manzi ebusweni bodaka ukuze kuvinjelwe ukungena kwamanzi angaphandle, kodwa futhi kunciphisa ukufuduka kwe-lye yangaphakathi ukuze kwakheke i-efflorescence, okuthuthukisa kakhulu umphumela wokuvimbela i-efflorescence.
(3) Nakuba ukwengezwa kwe-silane kuvimbela kakhulu ukukhanya kwelanga, akunawo umthelela omubi ezimpahleni zemishini ze-gypsum mortar yomkhiqizo wezimboni, futhi akukuthinti ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi kanye nomthamo wokugcina wokuthwala wezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum dry-mix zomkhiqizo wezimboni.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-22-2022