Lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev khaws dej sib xyaw rau hauv cov khoom siv hmoov gypsum yog dab tsi?
Lus Teb: siv cov tshuaj gypsum rau plastering, bonded gypsum, caulking gypsum, gypsum putty thiab lwm yam khoom siv hmoov ua vaj tse. Yuav kom yooj yim rau kev tsim kho, cov tshuaj gypsum retarders raug ntxiv thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom kom ntev lub sijhawm tsim kho ntawm gypsum slurry. Ib qho retarder raug ntxiv los tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem hydration ntawm hemihydrate gypsum. Hom gypsum slurry no yuav tsum tau khaws cia rau ntawm phab ntsa rau 1 txog 2 teev ua ntej nws condenses, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov phab ntsa muaj cov khoom nqus dej, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov phab ntsa cib, ntxiv rau cov phab ntsa Air-concrete, cov laug cam rwb thaiv tsev porous thiab lwm yam khoom siv phab ntsa tshiab uas tsis hnyav, yog li cov gypsum slurry yuav tsum tau khaws cia dej kom tiv thaiv ib feem ntawm cov dej hauv cov slurry los ntawm kev hloov mus rau phab ntsa, ua rau muaj dej tsis txaus thaum cov gypsum slurry tawv thiab tsis txaus hydration. Ua rau muaj kev sib cais thiab plhaub ntawm qhov sib koom ua ke ntawm cov plaster thiab phab ntsa nto. Kev ntxiv cov neeg sawv cev khaws dej yog kom tswj tau cov dej noo uas muaj nyob hauv cov gypsum slurry, kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj hydration ntawm cov gypsum slurry ntawm qhov sib tshuam, yog li kom ntseeg tau tias muaj zog sib txuas. Cov tshuaj uas feem ntau siv los khaws dej yog cellulose ethers, xws li: methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC), thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, polyvinyl cawv, sodium alginate, hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov kho, diatomaceous earth, hmoov av tsis tshua muaj, thiab lwm yam kuj siv tau los txhim kho kev ua haujlwm khaws dej.
Txawm yog hom tshuaj twg uas tuav dej tau los ncua qhov dej ntawm gypsum mus rau ntau qib sib txawv, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis hloov pauv, tus neeg sawv cev uas tuav dej feem ntau tuaj yeem ncua qhov chaw teeb tsa rau 15-30 feeb. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem txo kom haum.
Cov tshuaj uas khaws dej kom zoo rau hauv cov hmoov gypsum yog dab tsi?
Lus Teb: Cov neeg sawv cev khaws dej feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom siv hmoov ua vaj tse xws li plastering gypsum, bonding gypsum, caulking gypsum, thiab gypsum putty. Vim tias hom gypsum no sib xyaw nrog cov tshuaj retarder, uas tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem hydration ntawm hemihydrate gypsum, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los Ua cov tshuaj khaws dej ntawm gypsum slurry kom tiv thaiv ib feem ntawm cov dej hauv slurry los ntawm kev hloov mus rau phab ntsa, ua rau muaj dej tsis txaus thiab tsis muaj dej txaus thaum gypsum slurry tawv. Kev ntxiv cov neeg sawv cev khaws dej yog kom tswj tau cov dej noo uas muaj nyob hauv gypsum slurry, kom ntseeg tau tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hydration ntawm gypsum slurry ntawm qhov sib tshuam, yog li kom ntseeg tau tias muaj zog sib txuas.
Feem ntau, nws cov tshuaj ntau npaum li 0.1% txog 0.2% (suav nrog gypsum), thaum siv gypsum slurry rau ntawm phab ntsa uas nqus dej tau zoo (xws li aerated concrete, perlite insulation boards, gypsum blocks, phab ntsa cib, thiab lwm yam), thiab thaum npaj cov gypsum bonding, caulking gypsum, plastering gypsum lossis putty nyias nyias rau saum npoo, qhov ntau ntawm cov neeg sawv cev khaws dej yuav tsum ntau dua (feem ntau 0.2% txog 0.5%).
Cov tshuaj uas khaws dej xws li methyl cellulose (MC) thiab hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) yaj tau txias, tab sis lawv yuav tsim cov pob thaum pib thaum lawv yaj ncaj qha rau hauv dej. Cov tshuaj uas khaws dej yuav tsum tau sib xyaw ua ntej nrog hmoov gypsum kom tawg. Npaj ua hmoov qhuav; ntxiv dej thiab do, cia sawv rau 5 feeb, do dua, qhov cuam tshuam zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no muaj cov khoom cellulose ether uas tuaj yeem yaj ncaj qha rau hauv dej, tab sis lawv tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov hmoov qhuav.
Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv dej ua lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv dej li cas hauv lub cev gypsum hardened?
Lus Teb: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej sib txawv ua haujlwm tiv thaiv dej hauv lub cev gypsum raws li ntau hom kev ua haujlwm. Yeej muaj plaub txoj hauv kev hauv qab no:
(1) Txo qhov solubility ntawm lub cev gypsum hardened, nce qhov softening coefficient, thiab ib feem hloov cov calcium sulfate dihydrate nrog solubility siab hauv lub cev hardened mus rau hauv calcium ntsev nrog solubility qis. Piv txwv li, saponified synthetic fatty acid uas muaj C7-C9 ntxiv, thiab cov quicklime thiab ammonium borate ntxiv rau tib lub sijhawm.
(2) Tsim ib txheej zaj duab xis uas tsis pub dej nkag los thaiv cov qhov me me ntawm cov hlab ntsha hauv lub cev uas tawv. Piv txwv li, sib xyaw cov paraffin emulsion, asphalt emulsion, rosin emulsion thiab paraffin-rosin composite emulsion, txhim kho asphalt composite emulsion, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Hloov lub zog ntawm lub cev tawv, kom cov dej molecule nyob rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke thiab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha capillary. Piv txwv li, ntau yam silicone dej repellents tau koom ua ke, suav nrog ntau yam emulsified silicone roj.
(4) Los ntawm kev txheej sab nraud lossis kev tsau kom cais cov dej los ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm lub cev tawv, ntau yam tshuaj silicone tiv thaiv dej siv tau. Cov silicones ua los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj zoo dua li cov silicones ua los ntawm dej, tab sis cov thawj ua rau cov pa roj permeability ntawm lub cev gypsum tawv poob qis.
Txawm hais tias cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv dej sib txawv siv tau los txhim kho qhov tsis pub dej ntawm cov khoom siv hauv tsev gypsum hauv ntau txoj kev sib txawv, gypsum tseem yog cov khoom siv gelling uas ua rau huab cua tawv, uas tsis haum rau sab nraum zoov lossis chaw noo noo ntev, thiab tsuas yog haum rau cov chaw uas muaj cov xwm txheej ntub thiab qhuav hloov pauv.
Kev hloov kho ntawm lub tsev gypsum los ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv dej yog dab tsi?
Lus Teb: Muaj ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv dej gypsum: ib qho yog ua kom cov coefficient softening nce ntxiv los ntawm kev txo qhov solubility, thiab lwm qhov yog txo qhov dej nqus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv gypsum. Thiab txo qhov nqus dej tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm ob qho. Ib qho yog ua kom qhov compactness ntawm cov gypsum tawv, uas yog, txo qhov nqus dej ntawm gypsum los ntawm kev txo qhov porosity thiab cov qauv tawg, yog li txhim kho qhov tsis kam dej ntawm gypsum. Qhov thib ob yog ua kom lub zog ntawm lub cev gypsum tawv nce ntxiv, uas yog, txo qhov nqus dej ntawm gypsum los ntawm kev ua rau qhov chaw pore tsim cov zaj duab xis hydrophobic.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej uas txo qhov porosity ua lub luag haujlwm los ntawm kev thaiv cov qhov me me ntawm gypsum thiab ua kom lub cev gypsum compactness. Muaj ntau yam admixtures rau kev txo qhov porosity, xws li: paraffin emulsion, asphalt emulsion, rosin emulsion thiab paraffin asphalt composite emulsion. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej no zoo hauv kev txo qhov porosity ntawm gypsum nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem teeb tsa kom raug, tab sis tib lub sijhawm, lawv kuj muaj cov teebmeem tsis zoo rau cov khoom gypsum.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej uas feem ntau siv los hloov lub zog ntawm qhov chaw yog silicone. Nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv qhov chaw ntawm txhua lub qhov hws, hloov lub zog ntawm qhov chaw hauv ib qho ntev, thiab hloov lub kaum sab xis ntawm kev sib cuag nrog dej, ua rau cov dej sib sau ua ke ua cov tee dej, thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm dej, ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej, thiab tib lub sijhawm tswj kev nkag mus ntawm huab cua ntawm plaster. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej no feem ntau muaj xws li: sodium methyl siliconate, silicone resin, emulsified silicone oil, thiab lwm yam. Tau kawg, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dej no yuav tsum tau ua kom lub qhov hws tsis txhob loj dhau, thiab tib lub sijhawm nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus dej nkag mus, thiab tsis tuaj yeem daws cov teeb meem tiv thaiv dej thiab noo noo ntawm cov khoom gypsum mus sij hawm ntev.
Cov kws tshawb fawb hauv tsev siv txoj kev sib xyaw ua ke cov khoom siv organic thiab cov khoom siv inorganic, uas yog, raws li cov organic emulsion waterproofing agent tau los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm polyvinyl cawv thiab stearic acid, thiab ntxiv alum pob zeb, naphthalenesulfonate aldehyde condensate Ib hom tshiab ntawm gypsum composite waterproofing agent yog ua los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov ntsev waterproofing agent. Cov gypsum composite waterproofing agent tuaj yeem sib xyaw ncaj qha nrog gypsum thiab dej, koom nrog hauv cov txheej txheem crystallization ntawm gypsum, thiab tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua ntawm kev tiv thaiv dej.
Dab tsi yog qhov cuam tshuam inhibitory ntawm silane waterproofing agent ntawm efflorescence hauv gypsum mortar?
Lus Teb: (1) Kev ntxiv cov tshuaj silane uas tiv thaiv dej tsis nkag tau tuaj yeem txo qhov degree ntawm efflorescence ntawm gypsum mortar, thiab qhov degree ntawm efflorescence inhibition ntawm gypsum mortar nce nrog rau qhov nce ntawm silane ntxiv rau hauv ib qho ntau yam. Qhov cuam tshuam inhibitory ntawm silane ntawm 0.4% silane yog qhov zoo tagnrho, thiab nws cov nyhuv inhibitory feem ntau yuav ruaj khov thaum qhov ntau tshaj qhov ntau no.
(2) Qhov ntxiv ntawm silane tsis yog tsuas yog tsim cov txheej hydrophobic rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov mortar kom tiv thaiv kev nkag mus ntawm cov dej sab nraud, tab sis kuj txo qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm cov lye sab hauv los tsim cov efflorescence, uas txhim kho qhov cuam tshuam inhibitory ntawm efflorescence.
(3) Txawm hais tias qhov ntxiv ntawm silane tseem ceeb inhibits efflorescence, nws tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau cov khoom siv kho tshuab ntawm cov khoom lag luam gypsum mortar, thiab tsis cuam tshuam rau kev tsim ntawm cov qauv sab hauv thiab qhov kawg bearing peev xwm ntawm cov khoom lag luam gypsum qhuav-mix tsev cov ntaub ntawv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Kaum Ib Hlis-22-2022