Chii chinoshandiswa nechinhu chinochengetedza mvura chakasanganiswa neupfu hwegypsum?
Mhinduro: gypsum yekupurasita, gypsum yakasungirirwa, gypsum yekubaya, gypsum putty nezvimwe zvinhu zveupfu hwekuvaka zvinoshandiswa. Kuti zvive nyore kuvaka, gypsum retarders dzinowedzerwa panguva yekugadzira kuti nguva yekuvaka yegypsum slurry iwedzere. Chinowedzerwa retarder kudzivirira kunyorova kwegypsum yehemihydrate. Rudzi urwu rwe gypsum slurry runofanira kuchengetwa pamadziro kwemaawa 1 kusvika maviri risati raoma, uye madziro mazhinji ane hunhu hwekunwa mvura, kunyanya madziro ezvidhinha, pamwe nemadziro eAir-concrete, mabhodhi ekudzivirira ane porous nezvimwe zvinhu zvitsva zvemadziro, saka gypsum slurry inofanira kuchengetwa nemvura kudzivirira chikamu chemvura muslurry kuti chisaende kumadziro, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwemvura kana gypsum slurry yaoma uye mvura isina kukwana. Zvichikonzera kupatsanurwa nekuputirwa kwejoinhi pakati peplaster nemadziro. Kuwedzerwa kwechinhu chinochengetedza mvura ndekwekuchengetedza hunyoro huri mu gypsum slurry, kuve nechokwadi chekuti gypsum slurry iri kushanda zvakanaka panzvimbo inopindirana, kuitira kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti bonding strength. Zvinhu zvinonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza mvura zvinosanganisira cellulose ethers, zvakaita se: methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC), nezvimwewo. Pamusoro pezvo, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, modified starch, diatomaceous earth, rare earth powder, nezvimwewo zvinogona kushandiswawo kuvandudza mashandiro ekuchengetedza mvura.
Hazvina mhosva kuti rudzii rwechinhu chinochengetedza mvura chinogona kunonotsa mwero wemvura yegypsum kusvika padanho rakasiyana, kana huwandu hwechinhu chinochengetedza mvura hukaramba hwakachinja, chinhu chinochengetedza mvura chinogona kunonotsa kugadzika kwemaminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi matatu. Nokudaro, huwandu hwechinhu chinochengetedza mvura hunogona kuderedzwa zvakakodzera.
Ndeipi chiyero chakakodzera chechinhu chinochengetedza mvura mu gypsum powder material?
Mhinduro: Zvinhu zvinochengetedza mvura zvinowanzo shandiswa muzvinhu zvekuvaka zvakaita se plastering gypsum, bonding gypsum, caulking gypsum, uye gypsum putty. Nekuti rudzi urwu rwe gypsum runosanganiswa ne retarder, iyo inodzivisa maitiro e hydrate gypsum, zvakakosha kuita kurapa kwekuchengetedza mvura pa gypsum slurry kudzivirira chikamu chemvura mu slurry kuti chisaende kumadziro, zvichikonzera kushomeka kwemvura uye hydration isina kukwana kana gypsum slurry yaoma. Kuwedzera kwechinhu chinochengetedza mvura ndechekuchengetedza hunyoro huri mu gypsum slurry, kuve nechokwadi chekuti gypsum slurry inoyerera zvakanaka panzvimbo yacho, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti bonding strength yacho irambe yakasimba.
Chiyero chayo chinowanzova 0.1% kusvika 0.2% (zvichienderana negypsum), kana gypsum slurry ichishandiswa pamadziro ane mvura yakasimba (senge kongiri ine mhepo, mabhodhi ekuputira perlite, mabhuroko egypsum, madziro ezvidhinha, nezvimwewo), uye Pakugadzirira bonding gypsum, caulking gypsum, surface plastering gypsum kana surface thin putty, huwandu hwemvura inochengetedza mvura hunofanira kunge hwakakura (kazhinji 0.2% kusvika 0.5%).
Zvinhu zvinochengetedza mvura zvakaita semethyl cellulose (MC) uye hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) zvinonyungudika muchando, asi zvinoumba mapundu pakutanga pazvinonyungudika zvakananga mumvura. Chinhu chinochengetedza mvura chinofanira kusanganiswa ne gypsum powder kuti chipararire. Gadzirira kuita upfu hwakaoma; wedzera mvura wokurunga, rega zvimire kwemaminitsi mashanu, kurunga zvakare, mhedzisiro yacho iri nani. Zvisinei, pari zvino kune zvigadzirwa zve cellulose ether zvinogona kunyungudika zvakananga mumvura, asi hazvina simba guru pakugadzirwa kwe dry powder mortar.
Mushonga wekudzivirira mvura unoita sei basa rekudzivirira mvura mumuviri wakaoma wegypsum?
Mhinduro: Mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu zvinodzivirira mvura dzinoita basa radzo rekudzivirira mvura mumuviri wakaomeswa negypsum zvichienderana nenzira dzakasiyana dzekuita. Zvikurukuru zvinogona kupfupikiswa munzira ina dzinotevera:
(1) Deredza kunyungudika kwemuviri wakaomeswa negypsum, wedzera kunyorovesa, uye shandura zvishoma calcium sulfate dihydrate ine kunyungudika kwakanyanya mumuviri wakaomeswa kuita calcium munyu ine kunyungudika kushoma. Semuenzaniso, saponified synthetic fatty acid ine C7-C9 inowedzerwa, uye huwandu hwakakodzera hwequicklime neammonium borate zvinowedzerwa panguva imwe chete.
(2) Gadzira firimu risingapindi mvura kuti rivhare maburi madiki emutsinga mumuviri wakaoma. Semuenzaniso, kusanganisa paraffin emulsion, asphalt emulsion, rosin emulsion uye paraffin-rosin composite emulsion, asphalt composite emulsion yakagadziridzwa, nezvimwewo.
(3) Chinja simba repamusoro remuviri wakaoma, kuitira kuti mamorekuru emvura agare pamwe chete uye asakwanise kupinda mumigero ye capillary. Semuenzaniso, mishonga yakasiyana-siyana inodzinga mvura ye silicone inosanganiswa, kusanganisira mafuta akasiyana-siyana e silicone anosanganiswa.
(4) Kuburikidza nekuvhara kwekunze kana kunyudza mvura kuti isanyudzwe mumigero ye capillary yemuviri wakaoma, mhando dzakasiyana dze silicone dzinodzivirira mvura dzinogona kushandiswa. Silicones dzakagadzirwa nekunyunguduka dziri nani pane silicones dzakagadzirwa nemvura, asi yekutanga inoita kuti kupenya kwegasi kwemuviri wakaoma we gypsum kwaderera.
Kunyangwe zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodzivirira mvura zvichigona kushandiswa kuvandudza kusapinda mvura kwezvinhu zvekuvaka zvegypsum nenzira dzakasiyana, gypsum ichiri chinhu chinoomesa mhepo, chisingakodzeri nzvimbo dzekunze kana dzenguva refu dzine hunyoro, uye chinokodzera chete nzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze akanyorova uye akaoma.
Chii chinonzi kugadziriswa kwekuvaka gypsum nechinhu chinodzivirira mvura?
Mhinduro: Kune nzira mbiri huru dzekushanda kwemushonga wekudzivirira mvura wegypsum: imwe ndeyekuwedzera mwero wekunyorovesa nekuderedza kunyungudika, uye imwe ndeyekuderedza mwero wekunyungudika kwemvura yezvinhu zvegypsum. Uye kuderedza kunyungudika kwemvura kunogona kuitwa kubva pazvinhu zviviri. Imwe ndeyekuwedzera kusimba kwegypsum yakaoma, ndiko kuti, kuderedza kunyungudika kwemvura kwegypsum nekuderedza kuvhurika uye kutsemuka kwechimiro, kuitira kuti gypsum irambe ichidzivirira mvura. Imwe ndeyekuwedzera simba repamusoro pemuviri wakaomeswa wegypsum, ndiko kuti, kuderedza kunyungudika kwemvura kwegypsum nekuita kuti pamusoro pemaburi paumbwe ganda riite firimu rinopikisa mvura.
Zvinhu zvinodzivirira mvura zvinoderedza maburi zvinoita basa rekuvhara maburi madiki egypsum uye kuwedzera kuomarara kwemuviri wegypsum. Kune zvakawanda zvinosanganiswa zvekuderedza maburi, zvakaita se: paraffin emulsion, asphalt emulsion, rosin emulsion uye paraffin asphalt composite emulsion. Izvi zvinodzivirira mvura zvinoshanda mukuderedza maburi egypsum kana tichitarisa nzira dzakakodzera, asi panguva imwe chete, zvinewo mhedzisiro yakaipa pazvigadzirwa zvegypsum.
Chinhu chinowanzo shandiswa kudzivirira mvura chinoshandura simba repamusoro isilicone. Inogona kupinda mugomba rega rega, kuchinja simba repamusoro mukati mehurefu hwakati, uye nokudaro ichichinja kona yekubatana nemvura, kuita kuti mamorekuru emvura aungane pamwe chete kuti agadzire madonhwe, kudzivirira kupinda kwemvura, kuzadzisa chinangwa chekudzivirira mvura, uye panguva imwe chete kuchengetedza kupenya kwemhepo kweplaster. Mhando dzerudzi urwu rwekudzivirira mvura dzinosanganisira: sodium methyl silicone, silicone resin, emulsified silicone oil, nezvimwewo. Ehe, chinhu ichi chekudzivirira mvura chinoda kuti dhayamita yemapores isakwanise kuve yakakura zvakanyanya, uye panguva imwe chete haigone kuramba kupinda kwemvura inomanikidzwa, uye haigone kugadzirisa matambudziko enguva refu asingapindi mvura uye asinganyungudike nehunyoro ezvigadzirwa zvegypsum.
Vaongorori vemuno vanoshandisa nzira yekubatanidza zvinhu zvechisikigo nezvinhu zvisina organic, kureva kuti, zvichibva pane chinhu chinodzivirira mvura chinowanikwa kuburikidza nekubatanidza polyvinyl alcohol ne stearic acid, uye kuwedzera alum stone, naphthalenesulfonate aldehyde condensate. Rudzi rutsva rwechinhu chinodzivirira mvura chinokonzerwa ne gypsum chinosanganiswa ne salt. Chinhu chinodzivirira mvura chinokonzerwa ne gypsum chinogona kusanganiswa zvakananga ne gypsum nemvura, kutora chikamu mukuita kwe crystallization ye gypsum, uye kuwana mhedzisiro iri nani yekudzivirira mvura.
Chii chinodzivisa silane waterproofing agent pa efflorescence mu gypsum mortar?
Mhinduro: (1) Kuwedzerwa kwemushonga wekudzivirira mvura we silane kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya mwero wekupenya kwe gypsum mortar, uye mwero wekupenya kwe gypsum mortar unowedzera nekuwedzera kwe silane mukati meimwe nzvimbo. Mhedzisiro yekudzivisa ye silane pa 0.4% silane yakanaka, uye mhedzisiro yayo yekudzivisa inowanzova yakagadzikana kana huwandu hwacho hukadarika huwandu uhu.
(2) Kuwedzerwa kwe silane hakungoiti chete kuti mvura isapinde mumvura kudzivirira kupinda kwemvura yekunze, asi kunoderedzawo kufamba kwemvura yemukati kuti igadzire efflorescence, izvo zvinovandudza zvakanyanya kudzivirira efflorescence.
(3) Kunyange hazvo kuwedzerwa kwe silane kuchidzivirira zvakanyanya kupenya kwechiedza, hakuna mhedzisiro yakaipa pahunhu hwe gypsum mortar yemuindasitiri, uye hakukanganisi kuumbwa kwechimiro chemukati uye kugona kwekupedzisira kwekutakura zvinhu zvekuvaka zveindasitiri zve gypsum dry-mix.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-22-2022