Menene rawar da wakilin riƙe ruwa ya taka a cikin kayan gypsum?
Amsa: Ana amfani da gypsum mai rufi, gypsum mai ɗaurewa, gypsum mai ɗaurewa, gypsum mai ɗaurewa da sauran kayan foda na gini. Domin sauƙaƙe gini, ana ƙara gypsum mai hana ruwa yayin samarwa don tsawaita lokacin ginin gypsum. Ana ƙara retarder don hana tsarin ruwa na gypsum mai hemihydrate. Wannan nau'in gypsum slurry yana buƙatar a ajiye shi a bango na tsawon awanni 1 zuwa 2 kafin ya taru, kuma yawancin bangon suna da kaddarorin sha ruwa, musamman bangon tubali, tare da bangon siminti mai iska, allon rufin ramuka da sauran sabbin kayan bango masu sauƙi, don haka ya kamata a riƙe gypsum slurry da ruwa don hana wani ɓangare na ruwan da ke cikin slurry ya koma bango, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ruwa lokacin da slurry ɗin gypsum ya taurare kuma bai isa ruwa ba. Gabaɗaya, yana haifar da rabuwa da harba haɗin gwiwa tsakanin plaster da saman bango. Ƙarin wakilin riƙe ruwa shine don kiyaye danshi da ke cikin slurry ɗin gypsum, don tabbatar da amsawar ruwa na slurry ɗin gypsum a mahaɗin, don tabbatar da ƙarfin haɗin. Abubuwan da ake amfani da su wajen riƙe ruwa sune cellulose ethers, kamar: methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC), da sauransu. Bugu da ƙari, ana iya amfani da polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, modified sitaci, diatomaceous earth earth powder, da sauransu don inganta aikin riƙe ruwa.
Ko da wane irin sinadarin da ke riƙe ruwa zai iya jinkirta yawan ruwan gypsum zuwa matakai daban-daban, idan adadin sinadarin da ke riƙe ruwa bai canza ba, sinadarin da ke riƙe ruwa gaba ɗaya zai iya jinkirta yanayin na tsawon mintuna 15-30. Saboda haka, ana iya rage adadin sinadarin da ke riƙe ruwa yadda ya kamata.
Menene ma'aunin da ya dace na wakilin riƙe ruwa a cikin kayan gypsum foda?
Amsa: Sau da yawa ana amfani da sinadaran riƙe ruwa a cikin kayan gini kamar su gypsum ɗin shafa siminti, gypsum ɗin haɗa siminti, gypsum ɗin haɗa siminti, da gypsum ɗin putty. Saboda wannan nau'in gypsum ɗin yana gauraye da wani abu mai hana ruwa shiga, wanda ke hana tsarin hydration na hemihydrate gypsum, ya zama dole a yi maganin riƙe ruwa a kan gypsum ɗin don hana wani ɓangare na ruwan da ke cikin gypsum ɗin canjawa zuwa bango, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ruwa da rashin isasshen ruwa lokacin da gypsum ɗin ya taurare. Ƙarin wakilin riƙe ruwa shine don kiyaye danshi da ke cikin gypsum ɗin, don tabbatar da amsawar hydration na gypsum ɗin a mahaɗin, don tabbatar da ƙarfin haɗin.
Yawansa yawanci yana tsakanin 0.1% zuwa 0.2% (wanda ya yi daidai da gypsum), lokacin da ake amfani da gypsum slurry akan bango mai ƙarfi na sha ruwa (kamar siminti mai iska, allon rufewa na perlite, tubalan gypsum, bangon tubali, da sauransu), kuma Lokacin shirya gypsum mai haɗawa, gypsum mai ɗaurewa, gypsum mai ɗaurewa ko putty mai santsi, adadin wakilin riƙe ruwa yana buƙatar ya zama mafi girma (gabaɗaya 0.2% zuwa 0.5%).
Sinadaran riƙe ruwa kamar su methyl cellulose (MC) da hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) suna narkewa cikin sanyi, amma za su samar da ƙuraje a matakin farko idan sun narke kai tsaye a cikin ruwa. Ana buƙatar a haɗa sinadarin riƙe ruwa da foda gypsum kafin ya watse. A shirya shi ya zama busasshen foda; a zuba ruwa a juya, a bar shi ya tsaya na minti 5, a sake juyawa, tasirin ya fi kyau. Duk da haka, a halin yanzu akwai samfuran cellulose ether waɗanda za a iya narkar da su kai tsaye a cikin ruwa, amma ba su da tasiri sosai kan samar da turmi busasshe.
Ta yaya wakilin hana ruwa ke taka rawar hana ruwa a jikin gypsum mai tauri?
Amsa: Nau'o'in sinadarai daban-daban na hana ruwa shiga jiki mai tauri na gypsum bisa ga hanyoyi daban-daban na aiki. A takaice za a iya taƙaita su zuwa hanyoyi guda huɗu masu zuwa:
(1) Rage narkewar jikin gypsum mai tauri, ƙara yawan laushin jiki, sannan a canza wani ɓangare na calcium sulfate dihydrate mai yawan narkewa a cikin jikin mai tauri zuwa gishirin calcium mai ƙarancin narkewa. Misali, ana ƙara saponified synthetic fatty acid wanda ke ɗauke da C7-C9, kuma ana ƙara adadin quicklime da ammonium borate mai dacewa a lokaci guda.
(2) Samar da wani Layer na fim mai hana ruwa shiga don toshe ƙananan ramukan capillary a jikin da ya taurare. Misali, haɗa paraffin emulsion, asfalt emulsion, rosin emulsion da paraffin-rosin composite emulsion, ingantaccen asfalt composite emulsion, da sauransu.
(3) Canza ƙarfin saman jikin da ya taurare, ta yadda ƙwayoyin ruwa za su kasance cikin yanayi mai haɗin kai kuma ba za su iya shiga cikin hanyoyin capillary ba. Misali, an haɗa nau'ikan magungunan kashe ruwa na silicone daban-daban, gami da nau'ikan man silicone masu emulsified daban-daban.
(4) Ta hanyar shafawa daga waje ko tsomawa don ware ruwa daga nutsewa a cikin hanyoyin capillary na jikin da ya taurare, ana iya amfani da nau'ikan sinadarai masu hana ruwa shiga cikin silicone. Silikon da aka yi da silikon da aka yi da ruwa sun fi silikon da aka yi da ruwa, amma na farko yana sa iskar gas ta shiga jikin da aka taurare ta gypsum ta ragu.
Duk da cewa ana iya amfani da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban na hana ruwa shiga kayan gini na gypsum ta hanyoyi daban-daban, gypsum har yanzu kayan gelling ne masu taurare iska, wanda bai dace da muhallin waje ko na dogon lokaci ba, kuma ya dace ne kawai da muhallin da ke da yanayin danshi da bushewa daban-daban.
Menene gyaran ginin gypsum ta hanyar wakilin hana ruwa?
Amsa: Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na aikin maganin hana ruwa na gypsum: ɗaya shine ƙara yawan laushi ta hanyar rage narkewar ruwa, ɗayan kuma shine rage yawan shan ruwa na kayan gypsum. Kuma ana iya rage shan ruwa daga ɓangarori biyu. Ɗaya shine ƙara yawan gypsum mai tauri, wato, rage shan ruwa na gypsum ta hanyar rage ramuka da tsagewar tsari, don inganta juriyar ruwa na gypsum. Ɗaya kuma shine ƙara kuzarin saman jikin gypsum mai tauri, wato, rage shan ruwa na gypsum ta hanyar sanya saman ramin ya zama fim mai kama da hydrophobic.
Masu hana ruwa shiga da rage ramuka suna taka rawa ta hanyar toshe ƙananan ramukan gypsum da kuma ƙara girman jikin gypsum. Akwai abubuwa da yawa da ake haɗawa don rage ramuka, kamar: paraffin emulsion, asfalt emulsion, rosin emulsion da paraffin asfalt composite emulsion. Waɗannan masu hana ruwa shiga suna da tasiri wajen rage ramukan gypsum a ƙarƙashin hanyoyin daidaitawa masu kyau, amma a lokaci guda, suna da mummunan tasiri ga kayayyakin gypsum.
Mafi yawan abin da ke hana ruwa shiga saman shine silicone. Yana iya shiga tashar kowace rami, canza kuzarin saman a cikin wani takamaiman tsayi, don haka yana canza kusurwar hulɗa da ruwa, yana sa ƙwayoyin ruwa su haɗu su samar da ɗigon ruwa, toshe shigar ruwa, cimma manufar hana ruwa shiga, kuma a lokaci guda yana kiyaye iskar da ke shiga cikin filastar. Nau'in wannan nau'in maganin hana ruwa shiga ya haɗa da: sodium methyl siliconate, silicone resin, man silicone mai emulsified, da sauransu. Tabbas, wannan maganin hana ruwa shiga yana buƙatar cewa diamita na ramukan ba zai iya zama babba ba, kuma a lokaci guda ba zai iya tsayayya da shigar ruwan matsin lamba ba, kuma ba zai iya magance matsalolin hana ruwa shiga da danshi na dogon lokaci na samfuran gypsum ba.
Masu bincike na cikin gida suna amfani da hanyar haɗa kayan halitta da kayan da ba na halitta ba, wato, bisa ga sinadarin hana ruwa na emulsion da aka samu ta hanyar haɗa sinadarin polyvinyl alcohol da stearic acid, da kuma ƙara dutse na alum, naphthalenesulfonate aldehyde condensate. Ana yin sabon nau'in sinadarin hana ruwa na gypsum ta hanyar haɗa sinadarin hana ruwa na gishiri. Ana iya haɗa sinadarin hana ruwa na gypsum kai tsaye da gypsum da ruwa, a shiga cikin tsarin gypsum na crystallization, sannan a sami ingantaccen tasirin hana ruwa.
Menene tasirin hana sinadarin hana ruwa na silane akan fitar da hayaki a cikin turmi na gypsum?
Amsa: (1) Ƙara sinadarin hana ruwa shiga silane zai iya rage yawan fitar da sinadarin gypsum, kuma matakin hana fitar da sinadarin gypsum yana ƙaruwa tare da ƙaruwar ƙarin sinadarin silane a cikin wani takamaiman yanayi. Tasirin hana sinadarin silane akan kashi 0.4% na silane ya dace, kuma tasirin hana shi yana da ƙarfi idan adadin ya wuce wannan adadin.
(2) Ƙara silane ba wai kawai yana samar da wani Layer mai kama da hydrophobic a saman turmi don hana kutsewar ruwan waje ba, har ma yana rage ƙaurawar lye na ciki don samar da ƙuraje, wanda hakan ke inganta tasirin hana ƙuraje.
(3) Duk da cewa ƙara silane yana hana fitar da hayaki sosai, ba shi da wani mummunan tasiri ga halayen injina na turmi na gypsum na masana'antu, kuma ba ya shafar samuwar tsarin ciki da ƙarfin ɗaukar kayan gini na gypsum na masana'antu.
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-22-2022