Yintoni indima yesixhobo sokugcina amanzi esixutywe nezinto zomgubo we-gypsum?
Impendulo: kusetyenziswa i-plastering gypsum, i-bonded gypsum, i-caulking gypsum, i-gypsum putty kunye nezinye izinto ze-construction powder. Ukuze kube lula ukwakha, kongezwa ii-gypsum retarders ngexesha lokuvelisa ukuze kwandiswe ixesha lokwakha i-gypsum slurry. I-retarder yongezwa ukuthintela inkqubo yokufunxa amanzi kwi-hemihydrate gypsum. Olu hlobo lwe-gypsum slurry kufuneka lugcinwe eludongeni kangangeyure eli-1 ukuya kwezi-2 ngaphambi kokuba luqine, kwaye uninzi lweendonga luneempawu zokufunxa amanzi, ngakumbi iindonga zezitena, kunye neendonga ze-Air-concrete, iibhodi zokufakelwa i-insulation ezinemibhobho kunye nezinye izinto ezintsha zodonga ezilula, ngoko ke i-gypsum slurry kufuneka igcinwe ngamanzi ukuthintela inxalenye yamanzi kwi-slurry ukuba ingadluli eludongeni, nto leyo ebangela ukunqongophala kwamanzi xa i-gypsum slurry iqina kwaye ingabi namanzi ngokwaneleyo. Ngokupheleleyo, oku kubangela ukwahlukana kunye nokuqhekeka kwejoyinti phakathi kwe-plaster kunye nomphezulu wodonga. Ukongezwa kwearhente yokugcina amanzi kukugcina umswakama oqulethwe kwi-gypsum slurry, ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-gypsum slurry isabela kakuhle kwindawo edibanisa amanzi, ukuqinisekisa amandla okubopha. Iiarhente zokugcina amanzi ezisetyenziswa rhoqo zii-cellulose ethers, ezifana ne: methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC), njl. Ukongeza, i-polyvinyl alcohol, i-sodium alginate, i-modified starch, i-diatomaceous earth, i-rare earth powder, njl. nazo zingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi.
Nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwearhente yokugcina amanzi enokulibazisa izinga lokufunxwa kwamanzi kwi-gypsum ukuya kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo, xa ubungakanani be-retarder bungatshintshi, iarhente yokugcina amanzi ngokubanzi inokulibazisa ukuseta imizuzu eli-15 ukuya kwengama-30. Ke ngoko, ubungakanani be-retarder bunokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ithini idosi efanelekileyo yesixhobo sokugcina amanzi kwizinto ezisetyenziswa kwi-gypsum powder?
Impendulo: Izinto zokugcina amanzi zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizinto zokwakha ezifana ne-plastering gypsum, i-bonding gypsum, i-caulking gypsum, kunye ne-gypsum putty. Ngenxa yokuba olu hlobo lwe-gypsum luxutywe ne-retarder, ethintela inkqubo yokufunxa amanzi ye-hemihydrate gypsum, kuyimfuneko ukwenza unyango lokugcina amanzi kwi-gypsum slurry ukuthintela inxalenye yamanzi kwi-slurry ukuba ingadluli eludongeni, nto leyo ebangela ukunqongophala kwamanzi kunye nokufunxa amanzi okungaphelelanga xa i-gypsum slurry iqina. Ukongezwa kwe-arhente yokugcina amanzi kukugcina umswakama oqulethwe kwi-slurry ye-gypsum, ukuqinisekisa ukusabela kokufunxa amanzi kwi-interface, ukuqinisekisa amandla okufunxa amanzi.
Umlinganiselo wayo ngokubanzi yi-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.2% (ibandakanya i-gypsum), xa i-gypsum slurry isetyenziswa kwiindonga ezifunxa amanzi ngamandla (ezifana nekhonkrithi evuthelweyo, iibhodi zokuthintela i-perlite, iibhloko ze-gypsum, iindonga zezitena, njl.njl.), kwaye Xa ulungiselela i-bonding gypsum, i-caulking gypsum, i-surface plastering gypsum okanye i-surface thin putty, ubungakanani be-agent yokugcina amanzi kufuneka bube bukhulu (ngokubanzi yi-0.2% ukuya kwi-0.5%).
Izinto zokugcina amanzi ezifana ne-methyl cellulose (MC) kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) ziyanyibilika ebandayo, kodwa ziya kwenza amaqhuma kwinqanaba lokuqala xa zinyibilika ngqo emanzini. I-arhente yokugcina amanzi kufuneka ixutywe kwangaphambili ne-gypsum powder ukuze isasazeke. Lungisa ibe ngumgubo owomileyo; yongeza amanzi kwaye uvuselele, yiyeke ime imizuzu emi-5, uvuselele kwakhona, isiphumo singcono. Nangona kunjalo, okwangoku kukho iimveliso ze-cellulose ether ezinokunyibilika ngqo emanzini, kodwa azinampembelelo ingako kwimveliso yomgubo owomileyo.
Isixhobo sokuthintela amanzi sidlala njani umsebenzi wokuthintela amanzi emzimbeni oqinileyo we-gypsum?
Impendulo: Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezinto zokuthintela amanzi zisebenza umsebenzi wazo wokuthintela amanzi emzimbeni oqinisiweyo we-gypsum ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza. Ngokusisiseko zingashwankathelwa kwezi ndlela zine zilandelayo:
(1) Nciphisa ukunyibilika komzimba oqinisiweyo we-gypsum, yonyusa i-coefficient yokuthamba, kwaye uguqule kancinci i-calcium sulfate dihydrate enonyibiliko oluphezulu emzimbeni oqinisiweyo ibe yityuwa ye-calcium enonyibiliko oluphantsi. Umzekelo, kongezwa i-saponified synthetic fatty acid equlethe i-C7-C9, kwaye kongezwa isixa esifanelekileyo se-quicklime kunye ne-ammonium borate ngaxeshanye.
(2) Yenza umaleko wefilimu ongangeni manzi ukuvala ii-capillary pores ezincinci emzimbeni oqinileyo. Umzekelo, ukuxuba i-paraffin emulsion, i-asphalt emulsion, i-rosin emulsion kunye ne-paraffin-rosin composite emulsion, i-asphalt composite emulsion ephuculweyo, njl.
(3) Tshintsha amandla omphezulu womzimba oqinileyo, ukuze iimolekyuli zamanzi zibe kwimeko efanayo kwaye zingakwazi ukungena kwiindlela ze-capillary. Umzekelo, kufakwa izinto ezahlukeneyo zokugxotha amanzi ze-silicone, kuquka neeoyile ezahlukeneyo ze-silicone ezixutyiweyo.
(4) Ngokusebenzisa i-coating yangaphandle okanye ukuntywila ukuze kwahlulwe amanzi ekuntywilisweni kwimijelo ye-capillary yomzimba oqinileyo, iintlobo ngeentlobo zee-arhente zokuthintela amanzi ze-silicone zingasetyenziswa. Ii-silicone ezisekelwe kwisinyibilikisi zingcono kunee-silicone ezisekelwe emanzini, kodwa eyokuqala yenza ukuba ukungena kwegesi komzimba oqinileyo we-gypsum kwehle.
Nangona izinto ezahlukeneyo zokuthintela amanzi zingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula ukungangeni manzi kwezinto zokwakha zegypsum ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, igypsum iseseyisixhobo sokuqinisa umoya, esingafanelekanga kwiindawo zangaphandle okanye ezifumileyo ixesha elide, kwaye sifanelekile kuphela kwiindawo ezineemeko ezimanzi nezomileyo ezitshintshanayo.
Yintoni utshintsho lwe-gypsum yokwakha nge-arhente yokuthintela amanzi?
Impendulo: Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokusebenza kwe-gypsum proofing agent: enye kukunyusa i-coefficient yokuthambisa ngokunciphisa ukunyibilika, kwaye enye kukunciphisa izinga lokufunxwa kwamanzi kwezinto zegypsum. Kwaye ukunciphisa ukufunxwa kwamanzi kungenziwa kwiinkalo ezimbini. Enye kukunyusa ukuxinana kwegypsum eqinileyo, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa ukufunxwa kwamanzi kwegypsum ngokunciphisa iimbobo kunye nemingxunya yesakhiwo, ukuze kuphuculwe ukumelana kwamanzi kwegypsum. Enye kukunyusa amandla omphezulu womzimba wegypsum eqinileyo, oko kukuthi, ukunciphisa ukufunxwa kwamanzi kwegypsum ngokwenza umphezulu wembobo ube yifilimu ephobisayo.
Izinto zokuthintela ukungenwa kwamanzi ezinciphisa ukuvuleka kwemithambo zidlala indima ngokuvala iimbobo ezincinci zegypsum nokwandisa ukuxinana komzimba wegypsum. Kukho izinto ezininzi ezidityanisiweyo zokunciphisa ukuvuleka kwemithambo, ezinje: i-paraffin emulsion, i-asphalt emulsion, i-rosin emulsion kunye ne-paraffin asphalt composite emulsion. Ezi zinto zokuthintela ukuvuleka kwemithambo zisebenza kakuhle ekunciphiseni ukuvuleka kwegypsum phantsi kweendlela ezifanelekileyo zokumisela, kodwa kwangaxeshanye, zineziphumo ezimbi kwiimveliso zegypsum.
Eyona nto iqhelekileyo yokugxotha amanzi etshintsha amandla omphezulu yisilicone. Ingangena ngaphakathi kwembobo nganye, itshintshe amandla omphezulu ngaphakathi kobude obuthile, ize ngaloo ndlela itshintshe i-engile yokunxibelelana namanzi, yenze iimolekyuli zamanzi zihlangane ukuze zenze amaconsi, ivale ukungena kwamanzi, ifezekise injongo yokuthintela ukungena kwamanzi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye igcine ukungena komoya kwiplasta. Iindidi zolu hlobo lwearhente yokuthintela ukungena kwamanzi ziquka ikakhulu: i-sodium methyl silicone, i-silicone resin, ioyile ye-silicone emulsified, njl. Kakade ke, le arhente yokuthintela ukungena kwamanzi ifuna ukuba ububanzi beembobo bungabi bukhulu kakhulu, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ayinakumelana nokungena kwamanzi oxinzelelo, kwaye ayinakusombulula ngokusisiseko iingxaki zamanzi ezihlala ixesha elide kunye nokumelana nokufuma kweemveliso zegypsum.
Abaphandi basekhaya basebenzisa indlela yokudibanisa izinto eziphilayo kunye nezinto ezingaphiliyo, oko kukuthi, ngokusekelwe kwiarhente yokuthintela amanzi e-emulsion ephilayo efunyenwe ngokuhlanganisa i-polyvinyl alcohol kunye ne-stearic acid, kunye nokongeza ilitye le-alum, i-naphthalenesulfonate aldehyde condensate. Uhlobo olutsha lwearhente yokuthintela amanzi edibeneyo ye-gypsum lwenziwa ngokuhlanganisa iarhente yokuthintela amanzi etyuwa. Iarhente yokuthintela amanzi edibeneyo ye-gypsum inokuxutywa ngokuthe ngqo ne-gypsum kunye namanzi, ithathe inxaxheba kwinkqubo yokwenza i-crystallization ye-gypsum, kwaye ifumane isiphumo esingcono sokuthintela amanzi.
Yintoni impembelelo yokuthintela i-silane waterproofing agent kwi-efflorescence kwi-gypsum mortar?
Impendulo: (1) Ukongezwa kwe-silane waterproofing agent kunokunciphisa kakhulu iqondo lokuphuma kwe-gypsum mortar, kwaye iqondo lokuvalelwa kwe-efflorescence kwe-gypsum mortar liyanda ngokwanda kongezwa kwe-silane ngaphakathi koluhlu oluthile. Isiphumo sokuthintela se-silane kwi-0.4% silungile, kwaye isiphumo sayo sokuthintela sihlala sizinzile xa isixa sidlula esi sixa.
(2) Ukongezwa kwe-silane akupheleli nje ekwenzeni umaleko ongangeni manzi kumphezulu we-mortar ukuthintela ukungena kwamanzi angaphandle, kodwa kunciphisa nokufuduka kwe-lye yangaphakathi ukuya kwi-efflorescence, nto leyo ephucula kakhulu isiphumo sokuthintela i-efflorescence.
(3) Nangona ukongezwa kwe-silane kuthintela kakhulu ukukhanya, akunampembelelo imbi kwiimpawu zoomatshini ze-gypsum mortar yemveliso yemizi-mveliso, kwaye akuchaphazeli ukwakheka kwesakhiwo sangaphakathi kunye nomthamo wokugqibela wokuthwala wezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum dry-mix zemizi-mveliso.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Novemba-22-2022