Ni uruhe ruhare rw'ikintu gifata amazi kivanze n'ifu ya gypsum?
Igisubizo: Gusigwa gypsum, gypsum ifatanye, gypsum ifata amazi, gypsum putty n'ibindi bikoresho by'ifu y'ubwubatsi birakoreshwa. Kugira ngo byorohereze kubaka, hongerwamo ibikoresho bya gypsum mu gihe cyo gukora kugira ngo byongere igihe cyo kubaka gypsum. Hashyirwaho icyuma gifata amazi kugira ngo kibuze amazi ya gypsum ya hemihydrate. Ubu bwoko bwa gypsum slurry bugomba kubikwa ku rukuta amasaha 1 kugeza kuri 2 mbere yuko bukomera, kandi inkuta nyinshi zifite ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amazi, cyane cyane inkuta z'amatafari, hamwe n'inkuta za sima zikoresha umwuka, insinga zishyushya amazi n'ibindi bikoresho bishya byoroshye ku rukuta, bityo gypsum slurry igomba kugumana amazi kugira ngo hirindwe ko igice cy'amazi mu gitaka cyajya ku rukuta, bigatera ibura ry'amazi iyo gypsum slurry ikomeje gukomera kandi amazi adahagije. Byuzuye, bituma igice kiri hagati ya plaster n'ubuso bw'urukuta gitandukana kandi kigacika. Kongeramo ikintu gifata amazi ni ukubungabunga ubushuhe buri mu gishishwa cya gypsum, kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo amazi anyuramo mu gishishwa cya gypsum aho gihurira, kugira ngo hamenyekane imbaraga zo gufatanya. Ibintu bikunze gukoreshwa mu gufata amazi ni ether za cellulose, nka: methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC), nibindi. Byongeye kandi, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, modified starch, diatomaceous earth, rare earth powder, nibindi bishobora no gukoreshwa mu kunoza imikorere yo kubika amazi.
Uko byaba bimeze kose, ikintu kigabanya amazi gishobora gutinza umuvuduko w'amazi ya gypsum ku rugero rutandukanye, iyo ingano ya retarder idahindutse, icyo kintu kigabanya amazi muri rusange gishobora gutinza iminota 15-30. Bityo, ingano ya retarder ishobora kugabanuka uko bikwiye.
Ni ikihe gipimo gikwiye cy'ibikoresho bibungabunga amazi mu ifu ya gypsum?
Igisubizo: Ibintu bibungabunga amazi bikunze gukoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ifu y'ubwubatsi nko gusigwa gypsum, gypsum yo guhuza, gypsum yo gufunga, na gypsum putty. Kubera ko ubu bwoko bwa gypsum buvangwa n'icyuma kidakora, bibuza inzira yo guhumeka ya gypsum ya hemihydrate, ni ngombwa gukora isuku yo kubika amazi kuri gypsum slurry kugira ngo hirindwe ko igice cy'amazi ari muri slurry cyajya mu rukuta, bigatera ibura ry'amazi n'amazi adahagije iyo gypsum slurry ikomera. Kongeramo igikoresho gibungabunga amazi ni ukugira ngo hagumane ubushuhe buri muri gypsum slurry, kugira ngo hamenyekane uburyo gypsum slurry ikora neza ku gice cyo hagati, kugira ngo hamenyekane imbaraga zo guhuza.
Igipimo cyayo muri rusange ni 0.1% kugeza 0.2% (bigizwe na gypsum), iyo gypsum ikoreshejwe ku nkuta zifite amazi menshi (nk'ibumba rikoresha umwuka, imbaho zo gukingira za perlite, ibyuma bya gypsum, inkuta z'amatafari, nibindi), kandi Mu gihe cyo gutegura gypsum yo guhuza, gypsum yo gufunga, gypsum yo gusigwa hejuru cyangwa putty yoroshye y'ubuso, ingano y'ikintu gifata amazi igomba kuba nini (muri rusange 0.2% kugeza 0.5%).
Ibintu bifata amazi nka methyl cellulose (MC) na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) birashonga mu buryo bukonje, ariko bizatera uduce duto mu ntangiriro iyo bishongeshejwe mu mazi. Ibintu bifata amazi bigomba kuvangwa mbere n'ifu ya gypsum kugira ngo bitange. Tegura ifu yumye; ongeramo amazi hanyuma uvange, ubireke bihagarare iminota 5, wongere uvange, ingaruka ziba nziza kurushaho. Ariko, ubu hari ibicuruzwa bya eteri ya cellulose bishobora gushonga mu mazi, ariko ntacyo bigira ku ikorwa rya mortier y'ifu yumye.
Ni gute icyuma gikingira amazi gikora akazi ko kudakingira amazi mu mubiri wa gypsum ukomeye?
Igisubizo: Ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibintu bikingira amazi bigira uruhare mu gutuma amazi adapfa mu mubiri wa gypsum ukomera hakurikijwe uburyo butandukanye bwo gukora. Muri make, bishobora gusobanurwa mu buryo bune bukurikira:
(1) Gabanya uburyo umubiri wa gypsum ushonga, wongere uburyo bwo koroshya, hanyuma uhindure igice cya calcium sulfate dihydrate ifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga bwinshi mu mubiri wakomeretse mo umunyu wa calcium ufite ubushobozi bwo gushonga buke. Urugero, hongerwaho aside y'ibinure ya saponified irimo C7-C9, kandi ingano ikwiye ya quicklime na ammonium borate byongerwa icyarimwe.
(2) Kora urwego rwa firime rudapfa amazi kugira ngo hirindwe imyenge mito y'imitsi mu mubiri ukomeye. Urugero, kuvanga parafini, asphalt emulsion, rosin emulsion na parafini-rosin composite emulsion, asphalt composite emulsion nziza, nibindi.
(3) Hindura ingufu zo hejuru z'umubiri ukomeye, ku buryo molekile z'amazi ziba zifatanye kandi zidashobora kwinjira mu miyoboro ya capillary. Urugero, hashyirwamo imiti itandukanye ya silicone ikuraho amazi, harimo n'amavuta atandukanye ya silicone ya emulsified.
(4) Binyuze mu gutwikira cyangwa kwibiza inyuma kugira ngo amazi atagwa mu miyoboro y'imiyoboro y'amaraso y'umubiri ukomeye, hashobora gukoreshwa ubwoko butandukanye bw'ibintu bikingira amazi bya silikoni. Sililikoni zishingiye ku gushonga ni nziza kurusha silikoni zishingiye ku mazi, ariko iya mbere ituma gazi yinjira mu mubiri ukomeye wa gypsum igabanuka.
Nubwo ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kubaka gypsum bishobora gukoreshwa mu kunoza uburyo ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi bitagira amazi mu buryo butandukanye, gypsum iracyari ibikoresho bikomeza umwuka, bitabereye ahantu ho hanze cyangwa ahantu hahora hakonje igihe kirekire, kandi bibereye gusa ahantu hahora hatose n’ahakonje.
Ni iki cyahinduwe mu bwubatsi bwa gypsum hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi?
Igisubizo: Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo gukora gypsum idakoresha amazi: bumwe ni ukongera ubushobozi bwo koroshya ibintu binyuze mu kugabanya gushonga, ubundi ni ukugabanya umuvuduko w'amazi mu bikoresho bya gypsum. Kandi kugabanya uburyo amazi yinjira bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bubiri. Ubwa mbere ni ukongera ubucucike bwa gypsum ikomeye, ni ukuvuga kugabanya uburyo amazi yinjira mu gypsum binyuze mu kugabanya imyenge n'imiturire, kugira ngo wongere ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi mu gypsum. Ubwa kabiri ni ukongera ingufu z'ubuso bw'umubiri wa gypsum ikomeye, ni ukuvuga kugabanya uburyo amazi yinjira mu gypsum binyuze mu gutuma ubuso bw'imyobo buhinduka icyuma gifunga amazi.
Ibintu bigabanya amazi bigabanya imyenge bigira uruhare mu kuziba imyenge mito ya gypsum no kongera ubucucike bw'umubiri wa gypsum. Hari ibintu byinshi bivanga bigabanya imyenge, nka: parafini emulsion, asphalt emulsion, rosin emulsion na parafini asphalt composite emulsion. Ibi bintu bigabanya amazi bigira uruhare mu kugabanya imyenge ya gypsum mu buryo bukwiye, ariko nanone bigira ingaruka mbi ku bicuruzwa bya gypsum.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo kwirinda amazi buhindura ingufu z'ubuso ni silicone. Ishobora kwinjira mu mwobo wa buri mwenge, igahindura ingufu z'ubuso mu burebure runaka, bityo igahindura inguni ihura n'amazi, igatuma molekile z'amazi zihurira hamwe zigakora ibitonyanga, igahagarika kwinjira kw'amazi, ikagera ku ntego yo kwirinda amazi, kandi icyarimwe ikarinda umwuka wo kwinjira mu plasta. Ubwoko bw'ubu buryo bwo kwirinda amazi burimo: sodium methyl siliconate, silicone resin, amavuta ya silicone ya emulsified, nibindi. Birumvikana ko ubu buryo bwo kwirinda amazi busaba ko uburebure bw'imyenge budashobora kuba bunini cyane, kandi icyarimwe ntibushobora kwihanganira kwinjira kw'amazi, kandi ntibushobora gukemura ibibazo by'igihe kirekire bidashobora kwirinda amazi no kwirinda ubushuhe bw'ibicuruzwa bya gypsum.
Abashakashatsi bo mu gihugu bakoresha uburyo bwo guhuza ibikoresho by’umwimerere n’ibintu bidakomoka ku binyabuzima, ni ukuvuga, bishingiye ku kintu kirwanya amazi cya emulsion kiboneka binyuze mu gukusanya alcohol ya polyvinyl na aside stearic, no kongeramo ibuye rya alum, naphthalenesulfonate aldehyde condensate. Ubwoko bushya bw’ikintu kirwanya amazi cya gypsum bukorwa binyuze mu gukusanya ikintu kirwanya amazi cya umunyu. Ikintu kirwanya amazi cya gypsum gishobora kuvangwa na gypsum n’amazi, kikagira uruhare mu nzira yo gushushanya gypsum, kandi kikabona ingaruka nziza zo kwirinda amazi.
Ni iyihe ngaruka mbi y’umuti urinda amazi wa silane ku gushyuha kw’amazi muri gypsum mortar?
Igisubizo: (1) Kongeramo umuti urinda amazi wa silane bishobora kugabanya cyane urwego rw'ingufu za gypsum, kandi urwego rw'ingufu za gypsum zigabanya ingufu za silane ruriyongera uko silane yiyongera mu rugero runaka. Ingaruka za silane ku 0.4% bya silane ni nziza, kandi ingaruka zayo zo kubuza zikunda kugabanuka iyo ingano irenze iyi ngano.
(2) Kongeramo silane ntibikora gusa urwego rudafata amazi ku buso bwa mortiweri kugira ngo hirindwe ko amazi yo hanze yinjira, ahubwo binagabanya kwimuka kwa lye yo imbere ikarema efflorescence, ibyo bikaba binongera cyane ingaruka zo gukumira efflorescence.
(3) Nubwo kongeramo silane bibuza cyane urumuri rw'amashanyarazi, nta ngaruka mbi bigira ku miterere y'ibikoresho bya gypsum by'inganda, kandi ntibigira ingaruka ku miterere y'imbere n'ubushobozi bwa nyuma bwo gutwara ibikoresho by'inyubako bya gypsum byumye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-22-2022