He aha te mahi a te mea pupuri wai e konatunatua ana ki te paura gypsum?
Whakautu: ka whakamahia te gypsum parai, te gypsum piri, te gypsum whakapiri, te gypsum putty me ētahi atu rauemi paura hanga. Hei whakahaere i te hanga, ka tāpirihia ngā aukati gypsum i te wā hanga hei whakaroa i te wā hanga o te paru gypsum. Ka tāpirihia he aukati hei aukati i te tukanga whakamakuku o te gypsum hemihydrate. Me pupuri tēnei momo paru gypsum ki te pakitara mō te 1 ki te 2 hāora i mua i te whakamakuku, ā, he maha ngā āhuatanga mimiti wai o te nuinga o ngā pakitara, inā koa ngā pakitara pereki, me ngā pakitara raima-hau, ngā papa whakamahana porowhita me ētahi atu rauemi pakitara hou mama, nō reira me pupuri te paru gypsum ki te wai kia kore ai e neke tetahi wāhanga o te wai i roto i te paru ki te pakitara, ka hua ake he kore wai ina pakeke te paru gypsum me te kore e ranea te whakamakuku. Ka tino puta te wehenga me te pakaru o te hononga i waenga i te parai me te mata o te pakitara. Ko te tāpiri i te kaihoko pupuri wai hei pupuri i te makuku kei roto i te paru gypsum, hei whakarite i te tauhohenga whakamakuku o te paru gypsum i te atanga, kia whakarite ai i te kaha o te here. Ko ngā mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko ngā cellulose ethers, pērā i te: methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC), me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te waipiro polyvinyl, te konutai alginate, te māngaro whakarerekētia, te oneone diatomaceous, te paura oneone onge, me ētahi atu hei whakapai ake i te mahi pupuri wai.
Ahakoa te momo kaiāwhina pupuri wai ka taea te whakaroa i te tere o te makuku o te gypsum ki ngā taumata rerekē, ina kore e rerekē te nui o te aukati, ka taea e te kaiāwhina pupuri wai te whakaroa i te tautuhinga mō te 15-30 meneti. Nō reira, ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te aukati.
He aha te horopeta tika o te matū pupuri wai i roto i te paura gypsum?
Whakautu: He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā matū pupuri wai i roto i ngā rauemi paura hangahanga pērā i te gypsum parai, te gypsum here, te gypsum caulking, me te gypsum putty. Nā te mea kua konatunatua tēnei momo gypsum ki te aukati, e aukati ana i te tukanga whakamakuku o te gypsum hemihydrate, me whakahaere he maimoatanga pupuri wai ki te paru gypsum kia kore ai e rere tetahi wāhanga o te wai i roto i te paru ki te pakitara, ka hua ake he kore wai me te whakamakuku kore i te wā e whakapakeketia ana te paru gypsum. Ko te tāpiri i te matū pupuri wai hei pupuri i te makuku kei roto i te paru gypsum, hei whakarite i te tauhohenga whakamakuku o te paru gypsum i te atanga, kia pai ai te kaha o te here.
Ko tōna horopeta he 0.1% ki te 0.2% (ko te gypsum tēnei), ina whakamahia te paru gypsum ki ngā pakitara he kaha te mimiti wai (pērā i te raima hau, ngā papa whakamahana perlite, ngā poraka gypsum, ngā pakitara pereki, me ētahi atu), ā, ina whakarite ana i te gypsum here, te gypsum whakapiri, te gypsum paninga mata, te putty angiangi mata rānei, me nui ake te nui o te kaihoko pupuri wai (te nuinga o te wā 0.2% ki te 0.5%).
He wairewa matao ngā mea pupuri wai pērā i te methyl cellulose (MC) me te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), engari ka puta he puranga i te tīmatanga ina rewa tika ki te wai. Me whakaranua te mea pupuri wai ki te paura gypsum kia marara. Whakaritea hei paura maroke; tāpirihia he wai ka whakaoho, waiho kia tū mō te 5 meneti, whakaohokia anō, ka pai ake te hua. Heoi, kei reira ngā hua cellulose ether ka taea te rewa tika ki te wai, engari he iti noa te pānga ki te hanga moata paura maroke.
He pēhea te mahi a te ātete wai i roto i te tinana gypsum kua whakapakeketia?
Whakautu: He rerekē ngā momo ārai wai e whakamahi ana i tā rātou mahi ārai wai i roto i te tinana gypsum whakapakeketia e ai ki ngā momo mahi rerekē. E whā ngā huarahi matua e whai ake nei:
(1) Whakaitihia te wairewatanga o te tinana gypsum kua whakapakeketia, whakanuia te taunga whakangawari, ā, hurihia te konupūmā whanariki dihydrate he wairewatanga teitei i roto i te tinana kua whakapakeketia hei tote konupūmā he wairewatanga iti. Hei tauira, ka tāpirihia te waikawa ngako hangai kua whakapūhuitia kei roto ko te C7-C9, ā, ka tāpirihia te nui e tika ana o te raima tere me te ammonium borate i te wā kotahi.
(2) Hangaia he paparanga kiriata ātete wai hei aukati i ngā pūwero angiangi o te tinana kua whakapakeketia. Hei tauira, te whakaranu i te paraffin emulsion, te uku uku, te rosin emulsion me te paraffin-rosin composite emulsion, te whakapai ake i te uku uku composite emulsion, me ētahi atu.
(3) Hurihia te kaha o te mata o te tinana kua whakapakeketia, kia noho piripono ai ngā ngota wai, ā, kia kore ai e uru ki roto i ngā awa toto. Hei tauira, kua whakauruhia ngā momo ārai wai silicone, tae atu ki ngā momo hinu silicone kua whakaemulsified.
(4) Mā te paninga o waho, mā te tuku rānei i te wai ki roto i ngā awa toto o te tinana kua whakapakeketia, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā momo matū ārai wai silicone. He pai ake ngā silicone whakarewa i ngā silicone wai, engari nā te mea tuatahi ka heke te uruhanga hau o te tinana gypsum kua whakapakeketia.
Ahakoa he rerekē ngā momo ārai wai e taea ai te whakapai ake i te ātete wai o ngā rauemi hanga gypsum, he rauemi whakapakeke hau tonu te gypsum, kāore e pai mō ngā taiao haukū o waho, mō ngā taiao makuku roa rānei, ā, he pai anake mō ngā taiao e taupatupatu ana te haukū me te maroke.
He aha te whakarerekētanga o te gypsum whare mā te whakamahi i te kaihoko ārai wai?
Whakautu: E rua ngā huarahi matua o te mahi a te matū ārai wai o te gypsum: ko tētahi he whakanui ake i te taunga whakangawari mā te whakaiti i te wairewa, ā, ko tētahi he whakaiti i te tere mimiti wai o ngā rauemi gypsum. Ā, e rua ngā āhuatanga o te whakaiti i te mimiti wai. Ko tētahi he whakanui ake i te kiato o te gypsum kua whakapakeketia, arā, he whakaiti i te mimiti wai o te gypsum mā te whakaiti i te porosity me ngā kapiti hanganga, kia pai ake ai te ātete wai o te gypsum. Ko tētahi he whakanui ake i te kaha o te mata o te tinana gypsum kua whakapakeketia, arā, he whakaiti i te mimiti wai o te gypsum mā te hanga i te mata o ngā pore hei kiriata hydrophobic.
Ko ngā matū ārai wai e whakaiti ana i te pūngao, he mahi tā rātou mā te aukati i ngā pūngao angiangi o te gypsum, me te whakanui ake i te kiato o te tinana gypsum. He maha ngā ranunga hei whakaiti i te pūngao, pērā i: te paraffin emulsion, te asphalt emulsion, te rosin emulsion me te paraffin asphalt composite emulsion. He whai hua ēnei matū ārai wai ki te whakaiti i te pūngao o te gypsum i raro i ngā tikanga whirihoranga tika, engari i te wa ano, he pānga kino anō hoki ki ngā hua gypsum.
Ko te mea tino ātete wai e whakarerekē ana i te kaha o te mata ko te silicone. Ka taea e ia te uru ki roto i te awa o ia pūwero, te whakarerekē i te kaha o te mata i roto i tētahi awhe roa, ā, ka whakarerekē i te koki whakapā ki te wai, ka meinga ngā ngota wai kia whakakotahi hei hanga pata, ka ārai i te urunga o te wai, ka tutuki te kaupapa o te ārai wai, ā, i te wā kotahi ka pupuri i te urunga hau o te paraikete. Ko ngā momo o tēnei momo kaihoko ārai wai ko: te konutai metil siliconate, te kapia silicone, te hinu silicone kua whakaemulhia, me ētahi atu. Ko te tikanga, me whakarite tēnei kaihoko ārai wai kia nui rawa te diameter o ngā pūwero, ā, i te wā kotahi kāore e taea te ātete i te urunga o te wai pēhanga, ā, kāore e taea te whakaoti rapanga mō te wā roa mō te ārai wai me te ārai makuku o ngā hua gypsum.
Ka whakamahia e ngā kairangahau o te rohe te tikanga whakakotahi i ngā rauemi rauropi me ngā rauemi kore-rauropi, arā, i runga i te matū ārai waikura rauropi i whiwhihia mā te whakakotahi i te waipiro polyvinyl me te waikawa stearic, me te tāpiri i te kōhatu konumohe, te naphthalenesulfonate aldehyde condensate. Ka hangaia he momo matū ārai waikura hou o te gypsum composite mā te whakakotahi i te matū ārai waikura tote. Ka taea te whakaranu tika i te matū ārai waikura gypsum composite ki te gypsum me te wai, ka whai wāhi ki te tukanga tioata o te gypsum, ā, ka pai ake te pānga ārai wai.
He aha te pānga aukati o te ātete wai silane ki te puāwaitanga o te moata gypsum?
Whakautu: (1) Mā te tāpiri i te ātete ātete silane ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te puāwaitanga o te moata gypsum, ā, ka piki ake te nui o te aukati puāwaitanga o te moata gypsum me te pikinga o te tāpiri silane i roto i tētahi awhe. He pai te pānga aukati o te silane ki te 0.4% silane, ā, ko tōna pānga aukati he pumau tonu ina nui ake te nui o tēnei nui.
(2) Ko te tāpiri o te silane ehara i te mea ka hanga noa i tētahi paparanga wai-hauāwhiowhio i runga i te mata o te moata hei ārai i te urunga mai o te wai o waho, engari ka whakaitihia hoki te hekenga o te wai-ā-roto ki te hanga i te puāwaitanga, e whakapai ake ana i te pānga aukati o te puāwaitanga.
(3) Ahakoa he nui te aukati a te tāpiri o te silane i te puāwaitanga, kāore he pānga kino ki ngā āhuatanga miihini o te moata gypsum hua-ā-umanga, ā, kāore hoki e pā ki te hanganga o te hanganga o roto me te kaha kawe whakamutunga o ngā rauemi hanga ranunga maroke gypsum hua-ā-umanga.
Wā tuku: Whiringa-ā-rangi 22-2022