Kodi ntchito ya chinthu chosungira madzi chosakanizidwa ndi ufa wa gypsum ndi yotani?
Yankho: kupaka gypsum, gypsum yolumikizidwa, gypsum yophimba, gypsum putty ndi zinthu zina zopangira ufa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pofuna kupangitsa kuti ntchito yomanga ikhale yosavuta, ma retarder a gypsum amawonjezedwa panthawi yopangira kuti nthawi yomanga gypsum slurry ichepe. Retarder imawonjezedwa kuti ilepheretse njira yothira madzi ya gypsum ya hemihydrate. Mtundu uwu wa gypsum slurry uyenera kusungidwa pakhoma kwa ola limodzi mpaka awiri usanaume, ndipo makoma ambiri ali ndi mphamvu zoyamwa madzi, makamaka makoma a njerwa, kuphatikiza makoma a konkireti, ma board oteteza madzi okhala ndi porous ndi zinthu zina zatsopano zopepuka, kotero gypsum slurry iyenera kusungidwa ndi madzi kuti madzi ena omwe ali mu slurry asapite kukhoma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asamachepe pamene gypsum slurry iuma komanso madzi osakwanira. Zonsezi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kulekana ndi kuphulika kwa cholumikizira pakati pa plaster ndi khoma. Kuwonjezerapo chinthu chosungira madzi ndiko kusunga chinyezi chomwe chili mu gypsum slurry, kuonetsetsa kuti gypsum slurry ikuyenda bwino pamalo olumikizirana, kuti zitsimikizire mphamvu yolumikizana. Zinthu zosungira madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ma cellulose ethers, monga: methyl cellulose (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC), hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC), ndi zina zotero. Kuphatikiza apo, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, modified starch, diatomaceous earth, rare earth powder, ndi zina zotero zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kukonza magwiridwe antchito osungira madzi.
Kaya ndi mtundu wanji wa chinthu chosungira madzi chomwe chingachedwetse kuchuluka kwa madzi mu gypsum mpaka madigiri osiyanasiyana, ngati kuchuluka kwa chinthu chosungira madzi sikunasinthe, chinthu chosungira madzi nthawi zambiri chimatha kuchedwetsa kukhazikika kwa mphindi 15-30. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa chinthu chosungira madzi kumatha kuchepetsedwa moyenera.
Kodi mlingo woyenera wa chinthu chosungira madzi mu ufa wa gypsum ndi uti?
Yankho: Zinthu zosungira madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu monga plastering gypsum, bonding gypsum, caulking gypsum, ndi gypsum putty. Chifukwa mtundu uwu wa gypsum umasakanizidwa ndi retarder, zomwe zimaletsa njira ya hydrate gypsum, ndikofunikira kuchita chithandizo chosunga madzi pa gypsum slurry kuti madzi ena omwe ali mu slurry asamuke kupita kukhoma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asasowe komanso kuti madzi asasowe mokwanira pamene gypsum slurry yauma. Kuwonjezerapo chinthu chosungira madzi ndiko kusunga chinyezi chomwe chili mu gypsum slurry, kuti zitsimikizire kuti gypsum slurry ikuyenda bwino pamalo olumikizirana, kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu ya gypsum ikuyenda bwino.
Mlingo wake nthawi zambiri umakhala 0.1% mpaka 0.2% (kutengera gypsum), pamene gypsum slurry imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakoma omwe amayamwa madzi mwamphamvu (monga konkire wolowa mpweya, ma board oteteza perlite, ma gypsum blocks, makoma a njerwa, ndi zina zotero), ndipo Pokonzekera gypsum yolumikizira, gypsum yophimba, gypsum yopaka pamwamba kapena putty yopyapyala pamwamba, kuchuluka kwa chosungira madzi kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu (nthawi zambiri 0.2% mpaka 0.5%).
Zinthu zosungira madzi monga methyl cellulose (MC) ndi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) zimasungunuka mumadzi ozizira, koma zimakhala ndi mikwingwirima poyamba zikasungunuka m'madzi mwachindunji. Chosungira madzi chiyenera kusakanizidwa ndi ufa wa gypsum kuti chifalikire. Konzani mu ufa wouma; onjezerani madzi ndikusakaniza, asiyeni kwa mphindi 5, sakanizaninso, zotsatira zake zimakhala bwino. Komabe, pakadali pano pali zinthu za cellulose ether zomwe zimatha kusungunuka m'madzi mwachindunji, koma sizikhudza kwambiri kupanga matope ouma.
Kodi chotsukira madzi chimagwira ntchito bwanji yosalowa madzi m'thupi lolimba la gypsum?
Yankho: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zinthu zothirira madzi zimagwira ntchito yawo yosalowa madzi m'thupi lolimba la gypsum malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zogwirira ntchito. Mwachidule, zitha kufotokozedwa m'njira zinayi izi:
(1) Chepetsani kusungunuka kwa thupi lolimba la gypsum, onjezerani kuchuluka kwa kufewetsa, ndikusintha pang'ono calcium sulfate dihydrate yokhala ndi kusungunuka kwakukulu m'thupi lolimba kukhala mchere wa calcium wokhala ndi kusungunuka kochepa. Mwachitsanzo, saponified synthetic fatty acid yokhala ndi C7-C9 imawonjezedwa, ndipo kuchuluka koyenera kwa quicklime ndi ammonium borate kumawonjezedwa nthawi imodzi.
(2) Pangani filimu yosalowa madzi kuti itseke ma capillary pores abwino m'thupi lolimba. Mwachitsanzo, kusakaniza paraffin emulsion, asphalt emulsion, rosin emulsion ndi paraffin-rosin composite emulsion, asphalt composite emulsion yabwino, ndi zina zotero.
(3) Sinthani mphamvu ya pamwamba pa thupi lolimba, kuti mamolekyu a madzi akhale ogwirizana ndipo asalowe m'njira za capillary. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala osiyanasiyana ochotsera madzi a silicone amaphatikizidwa, kuphatikizapo mafuta osiyanasiyana a silicone opangidwa ndi emulsified.
(4) Kudzera mu chophimba chakunja kapena kuviika kuti madzi asalowe m'mitsempha ya capillary ya thupi lolimba, zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotetezera madzi za silicone zingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Ma silicone okhala ndi zosungunulira ndi abwino kuposa ma silicone okhala ndi madzi, koma oyambawo amapangitsa kuti mpweya ulowe m'thupi lolimba la gypsum uchepe.
Ngakhale kuti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotetezera madzi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza kusalowa madzi kwa zipangizo zomangira za gypsum m'njira zosiyanasiyana, gypsum ikadali chinthu cholimbitsa mpweya, chomwe sichili choyenera malo akunja kapena okhala ndi chinyezi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kokha m'malo omwe ali ndi nyengo yonyowa ndi youma.
Kodi kusintha kwa gypsum yomanga pogwiritsa ntchito chotsukira madzi ndi chiyani?
Yankho: Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zogwiritsira ntchito chotsukira madzi cha gypsum: chimodzi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yofewetsa mwa kuchepetsa kusungunuka, ndipo china ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amayamwa pa zinthu za gypsum. Ndipo kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa madzi kungachitike kuchokera mbali ziwiri. Choyamba ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa gypsum yolimba, ndiko kuti, kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa gypsum mwa kuchepetsa ming'alu ndi kapangidwe kake, kuti kuwonjezere kukana kwa madzi kwa gypsum. China ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya pamwamba pa thupi lolimba la gypsum, ndiko kuti, kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa gypsum mwa kupanga pamwamba pa pores kupanga filimu ya hydrophobic.
Zinthu zothirira madzi zomwe zimachepetsa ma porosity zimathandiza potseka ma pores abwino a gypsum ndikuwonjezera kukhuthala kwa thupi la gypsum. Pali zinthu zambiri zosakaniza zochepetsera ma porosity, monga: paraffin emulsion, asphalt emulsion, rosin emulsion ndi paraffin asphalt composite emulsion. Zinthu zothirira madzi izi zimathandiza kuchepetsa ma porosity a gypsum pogwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zokonzera, koma nthawi yomweyo, zimakhalanso ndi zotsatirapo zoyipa pa zinthu za gypsum.
Chotsukira madzi chomwe chimasintha mphamvu ya pamwamba ndi silicone. Chimatha kulowa m'malo olumikizira mbowo iliyonse, kusintha mphamvu ya pamwamba mkati mwa kutalika kwina, motero kusintha ngodya yolumikizirana ndi madzi, kupangitsa mamolekyu amadzi kusonkhana pamodzi kuti apange madontho, kuletsa kulowa kwa madzi, kukwaniritsa cholinga choteteza madzi, komanso nthawi yomweyo kusunga mpweya wolowera wa pulasitala. Mitundu ya mankhwalawa imaphatikizapo makamaka: sodium methyl siliconeate, silicone resin, mafuta a silicone osungunuka, ndi zina zotero. Zachidziwikire, chotsukira madzi ichi chimafuna kuti m'mimba mwake mwa mbowo musakhale waukulu kwambiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo sichingathe kukana kulowa kwa madzi, ndipo sichingathe kuthetsa mavuto osalowa madzi komanso osanyowa a zinthu za gypsum kwa nthawi yayitali.
Ofufuza a m'nyumba amagwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikiza zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zinthu zopanda chilengedwe, kutanthauza kuti, kutengera chinthu choteteza madzi cha emulsion chachilengedwe chomwe chimapezeka pophatikizana ndi polyvinyl alcohol ndi stearic acid, ndikuwonjezera miyala ya alum, naphthalenesulfonate aldehyde condensate. Mtundu watsopano wa chinthu choteteza madzi cha gypsum chophatikizana umapangidwa pophatikizana ndi chinthu choteteza madzi cha mchere. Chinthu choteteza madzi cha gypsum chophatikizana chimatha kusakanikirana mwachindunji ndi gypsum ndi madzi, kutenga nawo mbali mu njira yopangira makristalo ya gypsum, ndikupeza zotsatira zabwino zoteteza madzi.
Kodi zotsatira zoletsa za silane waterproofing agent pa efflorescence mu gypsum mortar ndi ziti?
Yankho: (1) Kuwonjezera silane yothira madzi kungachepetse kwambiri kuchuluka kwa efflorescence ya gypsum mortar, ndipo kuchuluka kwa efflorescence ya gypsum mortar kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa silane mkati mwa mtundu wina. Mphamvu yoletsa ya silane pa 0.4% silane ndi yabwino, ndipo mphamvu yake yoletsa imakhala yokhazikika pamene kuchulukako kupitirira kuchuluka kumeneku.
(2) Kuwonjezera silane sikuti kumangopanga gawo losalowerera madzi pamwamba pa matope kuti madzi akunja asalowe, komanso kumachepetsa kusamuka kwa madzi amkati kuti apange efflorescence, zomwe zimathandizira kwambiri kuletsa efflorescence.
(3) Ngakhale kuwonjezera silane kumalepheretsa kwambiri kuwala kwa dzuwa, sikukhudza mphamvu ya makina a gypsum mortar yopangidwa ndi mafakitale, ndipo sikukhudza kapangidwe ka mkati ndi mphamvu yomaliza yonyamulira ya zipangizo zomangira za gypsum dry-mix zopangidwa ndi mafakitale.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-22-2022