Iindidi zemixube esetyenziswa rhoqo ekwakheni i-dry-mixed mortar, iimpawu zayo zokusebenza, indlela esebenza ngayo, kunye nempembelelo yazo ekusebenzeni kweemveliso ze-dry-mixed mortar. Isiphumo sokuphucula izinto ezigcina amanzi ezifana ne-cellulose ether kunye ne-starch ether, i-redispersible latex powder kunye nezinto zefayibha ekusebenzeni kwe-dry-mixed mortar sixoxwe kakhulu.
Umxube udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kokwakha umxube owomileyo, kodwa ukongezwa komxube owomileyo kwenza ixabiso lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo zemveliso yomxube owomileyo libe phezulu kakhulu kunelo lomxube wendabuko, obangela ngaphezulu kwama-40% exabiso lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kwi-dry-mixed mortar. Okwangoku, inxalenye enkulu yomxube inikezelwa ngabavelisi bamanye amazwe, kwaye idosi yesalathiso semveliso ikwanikezelwa ngumthengisi. Ngenxa yoko, ixabiso leemveliso zomxube owomileyo lihlala liphezulu, kwaye kunzima ukwenza umxube oqhelekileyo wokwakha nowokuplasta ube mkhulu kwaye ubanzi; iimveliso zemarike eziphezulu zilawulwa ziinkampani zamanye amazwe, kwaye abavelisi bomxube owomileyo banenzuzo ephantsi kwaye abanakukwazi ukunyamezela amaxabiso; Kukho ukunqongophala kophando olucwangcisiweyo nolujoliswe ekusetyenzisweni kwamayeza, kwaye iifomyula zamanye amazwe zilandelwa ngokungaboniyo.
Ngokusekelwe kwizizathu ezingasentla, eli phepha lihlalutya kwaye lithelekise ezinye zeempawu ezisisiseko ze-admixtures ezisetyenziswa rhoqo, kwaye ngesi siseko, lifunda ukusebenza kweemveliso ze-dry-mixed mortar ezisebenzisa i-admixtures.
Isixhobo sokugcina amanzi esi-1
Iarhente yokugcina amanzi yindlela ephambili yokuxuba amanzi ukuphucula ukusebenza komxube owomileyo nowomileyo, kwaye ikwayenye yeendlela eziphambili zokumisela ixabiso lezinto zomxube owomileyo nowomileyo.
1. I-Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ligama eliqhelekileyo loluhlu lweemveliso ezenziwe yi-reaction ye-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherifying agent phantsi kweemeko ezithile. I-alkali cellulose ithathelwa indawo zii-ethers ezahlukeneyo ze-ether ukuze kufunyanwe ii-ethers ezahlukeneyo ze-cellulose. Ngokweempawu ze-ionization zezinto ezithatha indawo, ii-ethers ze-cellulose zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose) kunye ne-non-ionic (njenge-methyl cellulose). Ngokweentlobo ze-substituent, i-cellulose ether inokwahlulwa ibe yi-monoether (njenge-methyl cellulose) kunye ne-ether exutyiweyo (njenge-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilika, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-water-soluble (njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kunye ne-organic solvent-soluble (njenge-ethyl cellulose), njl. I-dry-mixed mortar yi-cellulose enyibilikayo emanzini ikakhulu, kwaye i-water-soluble cellulose yahlulwe ibe yi-instant type kunye ne-surface treated delayed dissolve type.
Indlela yokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether kwi-mortar yile ilandelayo:
(1) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inyibilika lula emanzini abandayo, kwaye iya kujongana nobunzima ekunyibilikeni emanzini ashushu. Kodwa ubushushu bayo be-gelation emanzini ashushu buphezulu kakhulu kunobo be-methyl cellulose. Ukunyibilika emanzini abandayo nako kuphuculwe kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa ne-methyl cellulose.
(2) Ubunzima be-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bunxulumene nobunzima bayo beemolekyuli, kwaye okukhona ubunzima be-molekyuli bukhulu, kokukhona ubuninzi be-viscosity buphezulu. Ubushushu bukwachaphazela nobunzima bayo, njengoko ubushushu busanda, ubuninzi be-viscosity buyancipha. Nangona kunjalo, ubuninzi be-viscosity bunefuthe eliphantsi lobushushu kune-methyl cellulose. Isisombululo sayo sizinzile xa sigcinwe kubushushu begumbi.
(3) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bayo bokongeza, i-viscosity, njl.njl., kwaye izinga layo lokugcina amanzi phantsi kobungakanani obufanayo bokongeza liphezulu kunele-methyl cellulose.
(4) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kwi-asidi kunye ne-alkali, kwaye isisombululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-pH=2~12. I-Caustic soda kunye namanzi ekalika azinampembelelo ingako ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa i-alkali inokukhawulezisa ukunyibilika kwayo kwaye yonyuse i-viscosity yayo. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile kwi-viscosity eqhelekileyo, kodwa xa uxinzelelo lwe-viscosity ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ludla ngokwanda.
(5) I-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ingaxutywa nee-polymer compounds ezinyibilikayo emanzini ukuze zenze isisombululo esifanayo nesinoburhabaxa obuphezulu. Ezifana ne-polyvinyl alcohol, i-starch ether, i-vegetable gum, njl.njl.
(6) I-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inokumelana ngcono kwee-enzyme kune-methylcellulose, kwaye isisombululo sayo asinakwenzeka ukuba sonakaliswe zii-enzyme kune-methylcellulose.
(7) Ukunamathela kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kulwakhiwo lwe-mortar kuphezulu kunoko kwe-methylcellulose.
2. I-Methylcellulose (MC)
Emva kokuba umqhaphu ocociweyo uphathwe nge-alkali, i-cellulose ether iveliswa ngothotho lweempendulo kunye ne-methane chloride njenge-etherification agent. Ngokubanzi, inqanaba lokutshintshwa yi-1.6 ~ 2.0, kwaye ukunyibilika nako kwahlukile ngeqondo lokutshintshwa kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo. Yeye-non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) I-Methylcellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, kwaye kuya kuba nzima ukuyinyibilikisa emanzini ashushu. Isisombululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu kuluhlu lwe-pH=3~12. Ihambelana kakuhle nesitatshi, i-guar gum, njl.njl. kunye nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibangela ukunyibilika. Xa ubushushu bufikelela kubushushu be-gelation, i-gelation iyenzeka.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuxhomekeke kubungakanani bayo bokongeza, ukuxinana, ukucoleka kwamasuntswana kunye nesantya sokunyibilika. Ngokubanzi, ukuba ubungakanani bokongeza bukhulu, ukucoleka buncinci, kwaye ukucoleka kukhulu, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, ubungakanani bokongeza bunempembelelo enkulu kwisantya sokugcinwa kwamanzi, kwaye inqanaba lokucoleka alihambelani ngokuthe ngqo nenqanaba lokugcinwa kwamanzi. Isantya sokunyibilika sixhomekeke kakhulu kwinqanaba lokuguqulwa komphezulu wamasuntswana e-cellulose kunye nokucoleka kwamasuntswana. Phakathi kwee-ethers ze-cellulose ezingentla, i-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zinamazinga aphezulu okugcinwa kwamanzi.
(3) Utshintsho kubushushu luya kuchaphazela kakhulu izinga lokugcina amanzi le-methyl cellulose. Ngokubanzi, xa ubushushu buphezulu, kokukhona ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuba kubi. Ukuba ubushushu be-mortar budlula ama-40°C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuya kuncipha kakhulu, nto leyo echaphazela kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwe-mortar.
(4) I-Methyl cellulose inefuthe elikhulu ekwakhiweni nasekunamatheleni kwe-mortar. "Ukuncamathela" apha kubhekisa kumandla okuncamathela avakalayo phakathi kwesixhobo sokusebenzisa somsebenzi kunye ne-substrate yodonga, oko kukuthi, ukumelana nokucheba kwe-mortar. Ukuncamathela kuphezulu, ukumelana nokucheba kwe-mortar kukhulu, kwaye amandla afunekayo ngabasebenzi kwinkqubo yokusetyenziswa nawo makhulu, kwaye ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar kuphantsi. Ukunamathela kwe-Methyl cellulose kukwinqanaba eliphakathi kwiimveliso ze-cellulose ether.
3. I-Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
Yenziwe ngekotoni ecociweyo exutywe ne-alkali, kwaye ixutywe ne-ethylene oxide njenge-etherification agent xa kukho i-acetone. Ubungakanani bokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-1.5 ~ 2.0. Inamandla okuthanda ukufuma kwaye kulula ukufunxa umswakama.
(1) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyinyibilikisa emanzini ashushu. Isisombululo sayo sizinzile kubushushu obuphezulu ngaphandle kokufaka ijeli. Ingasetyenziswa ixesha elide kubushushu obuphezulu kwi-mortar, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphantsi kune-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose izinzile kwi-asidi eqhelekileyo kunye ne-alkali. I-Alkali inokukhawulezisa ukunyibilika kwayo kwaye inyuse kancinci i-viscosity yayo. Ukusasazeka kwayo emanzini kubi kancinci kunokwe-methyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose inamandla amahle okulwa nokuwa kwesamente, kodwa inexesha elide lokulibazisa isamente.
(4) Ukusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose eveliswa ngamanye amashishini asekhaya ngokucacileyo kuphantsi kunokwe-methyl cellulose ngenxa yomthamo wayo wamanzi aphezulu kunye nomxholo womlotha ophezulu.
I-ether yesitatshi
Ii-starch ethers ezisetyenziswa kwiimortars ziguqulwa kwiipolymers zendalo zezinye iipolysaccharides. Ezifana neetapile, umbona, i-cassava, iimbotyi ze-guar njalo njalo.
1. Isitatshi esiguquliweyo
I-starch ether eguqulwe kwiitapile, umbona, i-cassava, njl. inokugcinwa kwamanzi okuphantsi kakhulu kune-cellulose ether. Ngenxa yokutshintsha okuhlukeneyo, ukuzinza kwe-asidi kunye ne-alkali kwahlukile. Ezinye iimveliso zifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwi-motars ezisekwe kwi-gypsum, ngelixa ezinye zingasetyenziswa kwi-motars ezisekwe kwisamente. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-starch ether kwi-mortar kusetyenziswa kakhulu njenge-thickener ukuphucula i-anti-wagging property ye-mortar, ukunciphisa ukunamathela kwe-motars emanzi, kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuvula.
Ii-starch ethers zihlala zisetyenziswa kunye ne-cellulose, ukuze iipropati kunye neenzuzo zezi mveliso zimbini zihambelane. Ekubeni iimveliso ze-starch ether zibiza kakhulu kune-cellulose ether, ukusetyenziswa kwe-starch ether kwi-mortar kuya kuzisa ukwehla okukhulu kwixabiso leefomyula ze-mortar.
2. I-Guar gum ether
I-Guar gum ether luhlobo lwe-starch ether eneempawu ezikhethekileyo, eziguqulwa kwiimbotyi ze-guar zendalo. Ngokuyintloko yi-etherification reaction ye-guar gum kunye neqela le-acrylic functional, kwakheka isakhiwo esiqulethe iqela le-2-hydroxypropyl functional, eliyi-polygalactomannose structure.
(1) Xa kuthelekiswa ne-cellulose ether, i-guar gum ether inyibilika ngakumbi emanzini. Iimpawu ze-pH guar ethers azichaphazeleki.
(2) Phantsi kweemeko ze-viscosity ephantsi kunye ne-dosage ephantsi, i-guar gum ingathatha indawo ye-cellulose ether ngokulinganayo, kwaye inokugcinwa kwamanzi okufanayo. Kodwa ukuqina, i-anti-sag, i-thixotropy njalo njalo kucacile ukuba kuphuculwe.
(3) Phantsi kweemeko ze-viscosity ephezulu kunye nedosi enkulu, i-guar gum ayinakuthatha indawo ye-cellulose ether, kwaye ukusetyenziswa okuxutyiweyo kwezi zimbini kuya kuvelisa ukusebenza okungcono.
(4) Ukusetyenziswa kweguar gum kwi-motar esekwe kwi-gypsum kunokunciphisa kakhulu ukunamathela ngexesha lokwakha kwaye kwenze ulwakhiwo lube lula. Akunampembelelo imbi kwixesha lokuseta kunye namandla e-motar esekwe kwi-gypsum.
3. Isithambisi esiguquliweyo sokugcina amanzi kwiminerali
Isithambisi sokugcina amanzi esenziwe ngeeminerali zendalo ngokuguqula nokudibanisa sisetyenzisiwe eTshayina. Iiminerali eziphambili ezisetyenziselwa ukulungiselela izithambisi zokugcina amanzi zezi: i-sepiolite, i-bentonite, i-montmorillonite, i-kaolin, njl. Ezi minerali zineempawu ezithile zokugcina amanzi nokwandisa ngokuguqula ezifana nee-coupling agents. Olu hlobo lwesithambisi sokugcina amanzi esisetyenziswa kwi-mortar luneempawu ezilandelayo.
(1) Ingaphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwesamente eqhelekileyo, kwaye isombulule iingxaki zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwesamente, amandla aphantsi esamente exutyiweyo, kunye nokungangeni kakuhle kwamanzi.
(2) Iimveliso zesamente ezinamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuqina kwezakhiwo zoshishino kunye nezoluntu zinokwenziwa.
(3) Ixabiso lezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo liphantsi kakhulu kunele-cellulose ether kunye ne-starch ether.
(4) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuphantsi kune-organic water retention agent, ixabiso lokuncitshiswa okomileyo kwe-mortar elungisiweyo likhulu, kwaye ukuhambelana kwayo kuyancipha.
Umgubo werabha wepolymer ophinda unyibilike
Umgubo webhurabha ophinda ucocwe ucutshungulwa ngokutshiza i-emulsion ekhethekileyo ye-polymer. Kwinkqubo yokucubungula, i-colloid ekhuselayo, i-anti-caking agent, njl.njl. iba zezongezo eziyimfuneko. Umgubo webhurabha owomileyo ngamanye amasuntswana angqukuva angama-80 ~ 100mm aqokelelwe ndawonye. La masuntswana ayanyibilika emanzini kwaye enza ukusasazwa okuzinzileyo okukhulu kancinci kuneesuntswana ze-emulsion zokuqala. Olu sasazo luya kwenza ifilimu emva kokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni kunye nokomiswa. Le filimu ayinakuguqulwa njengokwenziwa kwefilimu ye-emulsion ngokubanzi, kwaye ayiyi kuphinda ichitheke xa idibana namanzi. Ukusasazwa.
Umgubo werabha ophinda uqhekeke ungahlulwahlulwa ube yi: i-styrene-butadiene copolymer, i-tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, i-ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, njl., kwaye ngokusekelwe koku, i-silicone, i-vinyl laurate, njl. ziyafakelwa ukuphucula ukusebenza. Iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuguqula zenza umgubo werabha ophinda uqhekeke ube neepropati ezahlukeneyo ezifana nokumelana namanzi, ukumelana ne-alkali, ukumelana nemozulu kunye nokuguquguquka. Iqulethe i-vinyl laurate kunye ne-silicone, enokwenza umgubo werabha ube ne-hydrophobicity elungileyo. I-vinyl tertiary carbonate ene-branched ephezulu enexabiso eliphantsi le-Tg kunye nokuguquguquka okuhle.
Xa olu hlobo lweempuphu zerabha zisetyenziswa kwi-mortar, zonke zinefuthe lokulibazisa kwixesha lokuseta i-samente, kodwa isiphumo sokulibazisa sincinci kuneso sokusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-emulsions efanayo. Xa kuthelekiswa, i-styrene-butadiene inefuthe elikhulu lokulibazisa, kwaye i-ethylene-vinyl acetate inefuthe elincinci lokulibazisa. Ukuba idosi incinci kakhulu, isiphumo sokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-mortar asibonakali.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Epreli-03-2023