Mhando dzezvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira dhaka rakasanganiswa nemvura, maitiro aro, mashandiro aro, uye simba razvo pakushanda kwezvigadzirwa zvedhaka rakasanganiswa nemvura. Kuvandudzwa kwezvinochengetedza mvura zvakaita se cellulose ether ne starch ether, redispersible latex powder nezvinhu zve fiber pakushanda kwedhaka rakasanganiswa nemvura kwakakurukurwa zvakadzama.
Kusanganiswa kwesimbi kunoita basa guru mukuvandudza mashandiro ekuvaka simbi yakasanganiswa yakaoma, asi kuwedzerwa kwesimbi yakasanganiswa yakaoma kunoita kuti mutengo wesimbi yakasanganiswa yakaoma uwedzere zvakanyanya kupfuura mutengo wesimbi yechinyakare, iyo inodarika 40% yemutengo wesimbi yakasanganiswa yakaoma. Parizvino, chikamu chikuru chesimbi iyi chinopihwa nevagadziri vekune dzimwe nyika, uye chiyero chemushonga wacho chinopihwawo nemutengesi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutengo wesimbi yakasanganiswa yakaoma unoramba wakakwira, uye zvakaoma kufadza simbi dzekuvaka nedzekupurasita dzine huwandu hwakawanda nenzvimbo dzakakura; zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro zvinodzorwa nemakambani ekune dzimwe nyika, uye vagadziri vesimbi yakasanganiswa yakaoma vane purofiti yakaderera uye vasingashiviriri mitengo; Kune kushomeka kwetsvakiridzo yakarongeka uye yakanangana nekushandiswa kwemishonga, uye mafomura ekune dzimwe nyika anoteverwa zvisina kujeka.
Zvichibva pazvikonzero zviri pamusoro apa, bepa iri rinoongorora nekuenzanisa zvimwe zvinhu zvepakutanga zvezvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya, uye pahwaro uhwu, rinoongorora mashandiro ezvigadzirwa zvedhaka rakasanganiswa nemvura uchishandisa zvishandiswa zvakanyanya.
1 chinhu chinochengetedza mvura
Chinhu chinochengetedza mvura chinhu chakakosha pakuvandudza mashandiro emota yakasanganiswa yakaoma, uye ndeimwe yenzira dzakakosha pakuona mutengo wezvinhu zvakasanganiswa yakaoma.
1. Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izwi rekuti zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nekuita kwealkali cellulose uye etherifying agent pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Alkali cellulose inotsiviwa nemaether akasiyana e ether kuti iwane ether dzakasiyana dze cellulose. Zvichienderana nehunhu hwe ionization hwezvinhu zvinotsiva, ether dze cellulose dzinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: ionic (senge carboxymethyl cellulose) uye non-ionic (senge methyl cellulose). Zvichienderana nerudzi rwe substituent, ether ye cellulose inogona kukamurwa kuita monoether (senge methyl cellulose) uye mixed ether (senge hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Zvichienderana nekunyungudika kwakasiyana, inogona kukamurwa kuita water-soluble (senge hydroxyethyl cellulose) uye organic solvent-soluble (senge ethyl cellulose), nezvimwewo. Dry-mixed mortar inonyanya kunyungudika mumvura, uye water-soluble cellulose yakakamurwa kuita instant type uye surface treated delayed dissolve type.
Maitiro ekuita kwe cellulose ether mudhaka ndeaya anotevera:
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura inotonhora, uye inosangana nematambudziko pakunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Asi tembiricha yayo ye gelation mumvura inopisa yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura yemethyl cellulose. Kunyungudika mumvura inotonhora kwakawedzerawo zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nemethyl cellulose.
(2) Kuwanda kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwakabatana nehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru, uye kana huremu hwemamorekuru hwakakura, kuwanda kwesimba. Tembiricha inokanganisawo kuwanda kwayo, sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera, kuderera kwesimba. Zvisinei, kuwanda kwayo kune tembiricha yakaderera pane methyl cellulose. Mhinduro yayo inogara yakagadzikana kana yakachengetwa patembiricha yemumba.
(3) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, nezvimwewo, uye mwero wayo wekuchengetedza mvura pasi pehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera hwakakwira kupfuura hwemethyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inogara yakasimba kune acid nealkali, uye mvura yayo inogadzikana zvakanyanya muhuwandu hwe pH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda nemvura ye lime hazvina zvazvinobatsira pakushanda kwayo, asi alkali inogona kukurumidzisa kunyungudika kwayo uye kuwedzera viscosity yayo. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inogara yakasimba kune common salts, asi kana huwandu hwemunyu hwakakwira, viscosity ye hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution inowanzo kuwedzera.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inogona kusanganiswa nepolymer inonyungudika mumvura kuti igadzire mhinduro yakafanana uye yakakwira ye viscosity. Zvakadai se polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, vegetable gum, nezvimwewo.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ine simba riri nani rekudzivirira ma enzymes kupfuura methylcellulose, uye mhinduro yayo hainyanyi kukanganiswa nema enzymes kupfuura methylcellulose.
(7) Kubatana kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose mukugadzirwa kwemortar kwakakwirira kupfuura kwemethylcellulose.
2. Methylcellulose (MC)
Mushure mekunge donje rakanatswa ragadziriswa nealkali, cellulose ether inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekuita kwakasiyana-siyana nemethane chloride se etherification agent. Kazhinji, mwero wekutsiva i1.6 ~ 2.0, uye kunyungudika kwakasiyanawo nemwero wakasiyana wekutsiva. Ndewe non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, uye zvichave zvakaoma kunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Mvura yayo inonyungudika zvikuru muhuwandu hwepH=3~12. Inoenderana zvakanaka nestarch, guar gum, nezvimwewo uye masurfactants akawanda. Kana tembiricha yasvika patembiricha yegelation, gelation inoitika.
(2) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, kupfava kwezvikamu uye mwero wekunyungudika. Kazhinji, kana huwandu hwekuwedzera huri hukuru, kupfava kuri kudiki, uye viscosity yakakura, mwero wekuchengetedza mvura wakakwira. Pakati pazvo, huwandu hwekuwedzera hune simba guru pahuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura, uye mwero we viscosity hauenderane zvakananga nemwero wekuchengetedza mvura. Mwero wekunyungudika unonyanya kuenderana nehuwandu hwekuchinja kwepamusoro kwezvikamu zve cellulose uye kupfava kwezvikamu. Pakati peethers dze cellulose dziri pamusoro apa, methyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zvine mwero wekuchengetedza mvura wakakwira.
(3) Kuchinja kwetembiricha kuchakanganisa zvakanyanya mwero wekuchengetedza mvura yemethyl cellulose. Kazhinji, tembiricha yakakwira, kuchengetedza mvura kwakaipa. Kana tembiricha yemortar ikapfuura 40°C, kuchengetedza mvura yemethyl cellulose kuchaderera zvakanyanya, zvichikanganisa zvikuru kuvaka mortar.
(4) Methyl cellulose ine simba guru pakuvakwa nekunamirwa kwedhaka. "Kunamirwa" pano kunoreva simba rinonamirwa riri pakati pechishandiso chemushandi nemadziro, kureva kuti, kuramba kuchekwa kwedhaka. Kunamirwa kwacho kwakanyanya, kuramba kuchekwa kwedhaka kwakakura, uye simba rinodiwa nevashandi mukushandiswa kwacho rakakurawo, uye mashandiro ekuvaka kwedhaka haana kunaka. Kunamirwa kweMethyl cellulose kuri padanho repakati muzvigadzirwa zve cellulose ether.
3. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
Yakagadzirwa nedonje rakanatswa rakarungwa nealkali, uye inosanganiswa ne ethylene oxide se etherification agent kana paine acetone. Mwero wekutsiva unowanzova 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ine hydrophilicity yakasimba uye iri nyore kunyudza hunyoro.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, asi inonetsa kunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Mhinduro yayo inogara yakasimba pakupisa kwakanyanya pasina gelling. Inogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya mumortar, asi kuchengetedza kwayo mvura kwakaderera pane kwemethyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose inogara yakasimba kune general acid nealkali. Alkali inogona kukurumidzisa kunyungudika kwayo uye kuwedzera viscosity yayo zvishoma. Kupararira kwayo mumvura kwakaipa zvishoma pane kwemethyl cellulose nehydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kudonha kwesimbi, asi simende inononoka kwenguva yakareba.
(4) Kushanda kwehydroxyethyl cellulose inogadzirwa nemamwe mabhizinesi emuno kuri pachena kuti kwakaderera pane kwemethyl cellulose nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwemvura yakawanda uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemadota.
Starch ether
Ma starch ether anoshandiswa mumamortar anogadziriswa kubva kuma polymer echisikigo emamwe ma polysaccharides. Sembatatisi, chibage, cassava, guar beans nezvimwewo.
1. Sitachi yakagadziridzwa
Ether yestarch yakagadziriswa kubva mumatato, chibage, cassava, nezvimwewo ine mvura shoma zvakanyanya kupfuura ether yecellulose. Nekuda kwekuchinja kwakasiyana, kugadzikana kweacid nealkali kwakasiyana. Zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvakakodzera kushandiswa mumota dzakagadzirwa negypsum, nepo zvimwe zvinogona kushandiswa mumota dzakagadzirwa nesimende. Kushandiswa kweether yestarch mumota kunonyanya kushandiswa sechinokora kuvandudza hunhu hwemota hunodzivirira kudzika, kuderedza kunamira kwemota yakanyorova, uye kuwedzera nguva yekuvhurwa.
Mastarch ether anowanzo shandiswa pamwe chete necellulose, kuitira kuti hunhu nezvakanaka zvezvigadzirwa zviviri izvi zvienderane. Sezvo zvigadzirwa zvestarch ether zvakachipa pane cellulose ether, kushandiswa kwestarch ether mumortar kuchaderedza zvakanyanya mutengo wekugadzira mamore.
2. Guar gum ether
Guar gum ether rudzi rwe starch ether ine hunhu hwakakosha, iyo inogadziriswa kubva ku natural guar beans. Zvikurukuru ne etherification reaction ye guar gum ne acrylic functional group, chimiro chine 2-hydroxypropyl functional group chinoumbwa, chinova chimiro che polygalactomannose.
(1) Kana tichienzanisa ne cellulose ether, guar gum ether inonyungudika zvakanyanya mumvura. Hunhu hwe pH guar ethers hahuna kukanganiswa.
(2) Pasi pemamiriro ekusviba kwakaderera uye dose shoma, guar gum inogona kutsiva cellulose ether nehuwandu hwakaenzana, uye ine mvura inochengetwa zvakafanana. Asi kugadzikana kwayo, anti-sag, thixotropy nezvimwewo zviri pachena kuti zviri nani.
(3) Pasi pemamiriro ekusimba kwakanyanya uye dosi yakakura, guar gum haigone kutsiva cellulose ether, uye kushandiswa kwakabatana kwezviviri izvi kuchaita kuti pave nekushanda kuri nani.
(4) Kushandiswa kweguar gum mu gypsum-based mortar kunogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kunamira panguva yekuvaka uye kuita kuti kuvaka kuve kwakapfava. Hazvina mhedzisiro yakaipa panguva yekuiswa uye simba re gypsum mortar.
3. Chinogodza mvura ine zvicherwa chakagadziriswa
Chinosimbisa mvura chakagadzirwa nezvicherwa zvechisikigo kuburikidza nekushandura nekubatanidza chave chichishandiswa muChina. Zvicherwa zvikuru zvinoshandiswa kugadzira zvinosimbisa mvura ndeizvi: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, nezvimwewo. Zvicherwa izvi zvine zvimwe zvinhu zvinochengetedza mvura nekusimbisa kuburikidza nekushandura zvakaita sekubatanidza. Rudzi urwu rwechinosimbisa mvura chinoiswa padhaka rine hunhu hunotevera.
(1) Inogona kuvandudza mashandiro edhaka resimbi, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko ekusashanda zvakanaka kwedhaka resimbi, kusimba kushoma kwedhaka rakasanganiswa, uye kusakwanisa kudzivirira mvura.
(2) Zvigadzirwa zvevhu zvine simba rakasiyana rezvivakwa zvemaindasitiri nezvezvivakwa zvehurumende zvinogona kugadzirwa.
(3) Mutengo wezvinhu wakaderera zvakanyanya pane we cellulose ether ne starch ether.
(4) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwakaderera pane kwechinhu chinochengetedza mvura cheorganic, kukosha kwekuoma kwekupwanyika kwedhaka rakagadzirwa kwakakura, uye kubatana kwaro kwakaderera.
Upfu hwerabha hwepolymer hunonyungudika zvakare
Upfu hwerabha hunodzokororwa hunogadziriswa nekuomeswa kwepurasitiki yepolymer. Mukugadzirisa, colloid inodzivirira, anti-caking agent, nezvimwewo zvinova zvinhu zvisingadiwi. Upfu hwerabha hwakaomeswa hunenge huri zvidimbu zvakatenderera zve 80 ~ 100mm zvakaunganidzwa pamwe chete. Zvikamu izvi zvinonyungudika mumvura uye zvinoumba kupararira kwakasimba kwakakura zvishoma pane zvimedu zvepakutanga zve emulsion. Kupararira uku kuchaumba firimu mushure mekushaya mvura uye kuoma. Firimu iri haridzoreki sekuumbwa kwefirimu re emulsion, uye harizodzokororwi kana rasangana nemvura. Kupararira.
Upfu hwerabha hunosanganiswa hunogona kukamurwa kuita: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, nezvimwewo, uye zvichibva pane izvi, silicone, vinyl laurate, nezvimwewo zvinobatanidzwa kuti zvivandudze mashandiro. Matanho akasiyana ekugadzirisa anoita kuti upfu hwerabha hunosanganiswa huve nehunhu hwakasiyana hwakadai sekudzivirira mvura, kurwisa alkali, kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze uye kuchinjika. Ine vinyl laurate nesilicone, izvo zvinogona kuita kuti upfu hwerabha huve nehunyoro hwakanaka. Vinyl tertiary carbonate ine matavi akawanda ine Tg shoma uye kuchinjika kwakanaka.
Kana mhando idzi dzeupfu hwerabha dzikaiswa padhaka, dzese dzine mhedzisiro yekunonoka panguva yekuiswa kwesimende, asi mhedzisiro yekunonoka idiki pane iyo yekushandiswa zvakananga kwe emulsions dzakafanana. Kana tichienzanisa, styrene-butadiene ine mhedzisiro yakakura yekunonoka, uye ethylene-vinyl acetate ine mhedzisiro diki yekunonoka. Kana dosi iri diki zvakanyanya, mhedzisiro yekuvandudza mashandiro edhaka haisi pachena.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-03-2023