Ụdị ngwakọta ihe ndị a na-ejikarị arụ ụlọ ngwakọta ihe ndị a na-akpọ nkụ, njirimara arụmọrụ ha, usoro ọrụ ha, na mmetụta ha na arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa ngwakọta ihe ndị a na-akpọ nkụ. E kwuru nke ọma banyere mmetụta mmezi nke ihe ndị na-ejide mmiri dị ka cellulose ether na starch ether, ntụ ntụ latex a na-agbanwe agbanwe na ihe ndị e ji eriri mee na arụmọrụ nke ngwakọta ihe ndị a na-akpọ nkụ.
Ngwakọta ihe ndị e ji mee ihe na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịkwalite arụmọrụ nke imepụta ihe e ji mee ihe n'ụlọ mposi akọrọ, mana itinye ihe e ji mee ihe n'ụlọ mposi akọrọ na-eme ka ọnụ ahịa ihe e ji eme ihe n'ụlọ mposi akọrọ dị elu karịa nke ụlọ mposi ọdịnala, nke na-akpata ihe karịrị 40% nke ọnụ ahịa ihe e ji mee ihe n'ụlọ mposi akọrọ. Ugbu a, ndị nrụpụta mba ofesi na-enye akụkụ dị ukwuu nke ihe e ji mee ihe n'ụlọ mposi, onye na-ebubata ihe na-enyekwa ntụnye aka nke ngwaahịa ahụ. N'ihi ya, ọnụ ahịa nke ngwaahịa ihe e ji mee ihe n'ụlọ mposi akọrọ ka dị elu, ọ na-esikwa ike ime ka ụlọ mposi nkịtị na ụlọ mposi akọrọ mara mma nke nwere nnukwu ọnụọgụ na ebe sara mbara; ụlọ ọrụ mba ofesi na-achịkwa ngwaahịa ndị dị elu n'ahịa, ndị na-emepụta ihe n'ụlọ mposi akọrọ na-enwekwa obere uru na enweghị ndidi ọnụ ahịa; Enweghị nnyocha na nhazi na ebumnuche maka ojiji nke ọgwụ, a na-agbasokwa usoro mba ofesi n'ụzọ na-enweghị isi.
Dabere na ihe ndị a dị n'elu, akwụkwọ a na-enyocha ma na-atụnyere ụfọdụ ihe ndị bụ isi nke ihe ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe, ma dabere na nke a, ọ na-amụ arụmọrụ nke ngwaahịa ihe a na-eji ihe ndị ...
1 ihe eji ejide mmiri
Ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha bụ ihe dị mkpa iji mee ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha nke ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha, ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa iji chọpụta ọnụ ahịa ihe na-eme ka mmiri ghara ịdị ọcha.
1. Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose Ether (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bụ okwu izugbe maka usoro ngwaahịa nke mmeghachi omume nke alkali cellulose na ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri pụta n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ. A na-eji ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri dochie alkaline cellulose iji nweta cellulose ethers dị iche iche. Dịka ihe onwunwe nke ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri si dị, enwere ike kewaa cellulose ethers n'ime ụdị abụọ: ionic (dị ka carboxymethyl cellulose) na non-ionic (dị ka methyl cellulose). Dịka ụdị ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri si dị, enwere ike kewaa cellulose ether n'ime monoether (dị ka methyl cellulose) na agwakọta ether (dị ka hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Dịka ihe dị iche iche na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime mmiri si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime ihe na-agbaze mmiri (dị ka hydroxyethyl cellulose) na ihe na-agbaze mmiri (dị ka ethyl cellulose), wdg. Ngwakọta akọrọ bụ cellulose na-agbaze mmiri, a na-ekewa cellulose na-agbaze mmiri n'ime ụdị ozugbo na ụdị ihe na-agbaze mmiri n'elu.
Usoro ọrụ nke cellulose ether na ngwa agha bụ dị ka ndị a:
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-enwekwa nsogbu mgbe ọ na-agbaze na mmiri ọkụ. Mana okpomọkụ ya na-agbaze na mmiri ọkụ dị elu karịa nke methyl cellulose. A na-emekwa ka mmiri oyi na-agbaze nke ọma ma e jiri ya tụnyere methyl cellulose.
(2) Ọbara hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-adabere na ibu molekul ya, na ibu molekul ka ọ na-ebu, otú ahụ ka viscosity ya na-abawanye. Okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa viscosity ya, ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye, viscosity na-ebelata. Agbanyeghị, viscosity ya dị elu nwere mmetụta okpomọkụ dị ala karịa methyl cellulose. Mmiri ya na-adịgide adịgide mgbe echekwara ya na okpomọkụ ụlọ.
(3) Njide mmiri nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose dabere na ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, wdg, na ọnụego njigide mmiri ya n'okpuru otu ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye ahụ dị elu karịa nke methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwụsiri ike na acid na alkali, mmiri mmiri ya na-adịkwa mma nke ukwuu n'ogo pH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda na mmiri lime anaghị enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na arụmọrụ ya, mana alkali nwere ike ime ka ọ gbazee ngwa ngwa ma mee ka ọ gbazee ngwa ngwa. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwụsiri ike na nnu nkịtị, mana mgbe njupụta nke mmiri nnu dị elu, viscosity nke mmiri hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-abawanye.
(5) Enwere ike ịgwakọta Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na ngwakọta polima mmiri na-agbaze iji mepụta ngwọta viscosity dị otu ma dị elu. Dịka polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, chịngọm akwụkwọ nri, wdg.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nwere ike iguzogide enzyme karịa methylcellulose, ọ dịghịkwa ka enzymes ga-emebi mmiri ya karịa methylcellulose.
(7) Nrapado nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na ihe owuwu ngwa agha dị elu karịa nke methylcellulose.
2. Methylcellulose (MC)
Mgbe ejiri alkali gwọọ owu a nụchara anụcha, a na-emepụta cellulose ether site na usoro mmeghachi omume na methane chloride dị ka ihe na-eme ka etherification dị. N'ozuzu, ogo nke nnọchi bụ 1.6~2.0, ihe na-agbazekwa dịkwa iche na ọkwa dị iche iche nke nnọchi. Ọ bụ nke cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic.
(1) Methylcellulose na-agbaze n'ime mmiri oyi, ọ ga-esikwa ike ịgbaze n'ime mmiri ọkụ. Mmiri ya na-agbaze nke ọma na pH = 3 ~ 12. Ọ na-adaba nke ọma na starch, guar gum, wdg. na ọtụtụ surfactants. Mgbe okpomọkụ ruru okpomọkụ gelation, gelation na-eme.
(2) Njide mmiri nke methyl cellulose dabere na ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, ịdị mma nke ihe dị n'ime ya na ọnụego mgbaze. N'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye buru ibu, ịdị mma ahụ pere mpe, viscosity ahụ buru ibu, ọnụego nchekwa mmiri dị elu. N'ime ha, ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye ahụ nwere mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na ọnụego nchekwa mmiri, ọkwa nke viscosity adịghịkwa nhata kpọmkwem na ọkwa nchekwa mmiri. Ọnụego mgbaze dabere na oke mgbanwe elu nke ihe dị n'ime cellulose na ịdị mma nke ihe dị n'ime ya. N'ime ihe ndị dị n'ime cellulose ethers dị n'elu, methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose nwere ọnụego nchekwa mmiri dị elu.
(3) Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ ga-emetụta oke nchekwa mmiri nke methyl cellulose. N'ozuzu, ka okpomọkụ dị elu, otú ahụ ka nchekwa mmiri na-aka njọ. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ moto gafere 40°C, nchekwa mmiri nke methyl cellulose ga-ebelata nke ukwuu, nke na-emetụta nnukwu nrụpụta moto ahụ.
(4) Methyl cellulose nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'iwuli na njikọta nke ngwa agha. "Nraranye" ebe a na-ezo aka n'ike nraranye dị n'etiti ngwa ọrụ onye ọrụ na ihe mkpuchi mgbidi, ya bụ, nraranye nke ngwa agha. Nraranye dị elu, nraranye nke ngwa agha buru ibu, ike ndị ọrụ chọrọ n'oge ojiji dịkwa ukwuu, arụmọrụ owuwu nke ngwa agha ahụ adịghịkwa mma. Nraranye Methyl cellulose dị n'ọkwa dị ala na ngwaahịa cellulose ether.
3. Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
A na-eji owu a gwakọtara agwakọta nke e ji alkali mee ya, a na-ejikwa ethylene oxide eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka etherification dị na ya ma a na-ahụ acetone. Ogo nnọchi ya na-abụkarị 1.5-2.0. Ọ nwere hydrophilicity siri ike ma dịkwa mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri.
(1) A na-agbaze Hydroxyethyl cellulose na mmiri oyi, mana ọ na-esiri ike ịgbaze na mmiri ọkụ. Mmiri ya na-adịgide adịgide na okpomọkụ dị elu na-enweghị gelling. Enwere ike iji ya ruo ogologo oge n'okpuru okpomọkụ dị elu na moto, mana mmiri ya dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose kwụsiri ike na acid na alkali. Alkali nwere ike ime ka ọ gbazee ngwa ngwa ma mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Ọ na-agbaze n'ime mmiri dị ntakịrị njọ karịa nke methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere ezigbo ọrụ mgbochi sag maka ngwa agha, mana ọ na-ewe oge dị ogologo maka simenti.
(4) Arụmọrụ nke hydroxyethyl cellulose nke ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ obodo na-emepụta doro anya dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose n'ihi nnukwu mmiri na oke ntụ ya.
Starch ether
A na-eji ihe ndị e ji eme ihe n'ime ngwa agha emezi ihe ndị e ji eme ihe n'ụdị ihe ...
1. Starch emezigharịrị
Eta starch nke e si na nduku, ọka, akpu, wdg gbanwetụrụ nwere obere nchekwa mmiri karịa eta cellulose. N'ihi ọkwa dị iche iche nke mgbanwe, nkwụsi ike na acid na alkali dị iche. Ụfọdụ ngwaahịa dị mma maka iji na eta gypsum, ebe ndị ọzọ nwere ike iji na eta simenti. A na-ejikarị eta starch eme ihe na eta strọm dị ka ihe na-eme ka e sie ike iji meziwanye ihe mgbochi icha mmiri nke eta strọm, belata nrapado nke eta mmiri mmiri, ma mee ka oge mmeghe dị ogologo.
A na-ejikarị starch ethers eme ihe na cellulose, nke mere na ihe onwunwe na uru nke ngwaahịa abụọ a na-emeju ibe ha. Ebe ọ bụ na ngwaahịa starch ether dị ọnụ ala karịa cellulose ether, itinye starch ether n'ime moto ga-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nke nhazi moto.
2. Guar chịngọm ether
Guar gum ether bụ ụdị starch ether nwere ihe pụrụ iche, nke a na-agbanwe site na agwa guar eke. Karịsịa site na mmeghachi omume etherification nke guar gum na acrylic functional group, a na-emepụta ihe owuwu nwere 2-hydroxypropyl functional group, nke bụ ihe owuwu polygalactomannose.
(1) Ma e jiri ya tụnyere cellulose ether, guar gum ether na-agbaze karịa na mmiri. Njirimara nke pH guar ethers anaghị emetụta ya nke ukwuu.
(2) N'ọnọdụ ebe obere viscosity na obere dose dị, guar gum nwere ike dochie cellulose ether n'otu nhata, ma nwee otu ihe ahụ na-ejide mmiri. Mana o doro anya na a na-eme ka ịdịgide, mgbochi sag, thixotropy na ihe ndị ọzọ ka mma.
(3) N'ọnọdụ oke viscosity na oke dose, guar gum enweghị ike dochie cellulose ether, ojiji nke ha abụọ ga-arụpụta arụmọrụ ka mma.
(4) Itinye guar gum n'ime ihe e ji gypsum mee nwere ike ibelata nrapado nke ukwuu n'oge a na-arụ ya ma mee ka ihe owuwu ahụ dị nro. Ọ nweghị mmetụta ọjọọ n'oge ntọala na ike nke ihe e ji gypsum mee.
3. Ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị n'ime ala dị nro agbanweela
E tinyela ihe mkpuchi mmiri nke e ji mineral eke mee site na mgbanwe na ngwakọta na China. Isi ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe mkpuchi mmiri nke na-ejide mmiri bụ: sepiolite, bentonite, montmorillonite, kaolin, wdg. Ihe ndị a nwere ụfọdụ ihe mkpuchi mmiri nke na-ejide mmiri na nke na-eme ka ọ sie ike site na mgbanwe dịka ihe mkpuchi njikọ. Ụdị ihe mkpuchi mmiri a nke na-ejide mmiri nke e tinyere na ngwa agha nwere njirimara ndị a.
(1) Ọ nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha nkịtị ka mma nke ukwuu, ma dozie nsogbu nke enweghị ike ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwa agha simenti, obere ike nke ngwa agha agwakọtara, na enweghị ike iguzogide mmiri.
(2) Enwere ike ịmepụta ngwaahịa ụrọ nwere ọkwa ike dị iche iche maka ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe na ụlọ obodo.
(3) Ọnụ ego ihe dị na ya dị ala nke ukwuu karịa nke cellulose ether na starch ether.
(4) Nchekwa mmiri dị ala karịa nke ihe na-ejide mmiri organic, uru nkụchi akọrọ nke ngwa agha a kwadebere buru ibu, a na-ebelatakwa njikọta ahụ.
Ntụ ntụ rọba polima a na-emegharị emegharị
A na-eji mmiri fesa emulsion pụrụ iche emepụta ntụ rọba a na-akpọ Redispersible site na iji mmiri fesa mee ka ọ kpọọ nkụ. N'ime usoro nhazi, colloid nchebe, ihe na-egbochi achịcha, wdg. na-aghọ ihe mgbakwunye dị mkpa. Ntụ rọba a kpọrọ nkụ bụ ụfọdụ ihe gbara okirikiri nke 80 ~ 100mm a chịkọtara ọnụ. A na-agbaze ihe ndị a na mmiri ma na-emepụta mgbasa kwụsiri ike nke buru ibu karịa ihe ndị emulsion mbụ. Mgbasa a ga-emepụta ihe nkiri mgbe akpọnwụchara ma kpọọ nkụ. Ihe nkiri a enweghị ike ịgbanwe agbanwe dịka nhazi ihe nkiri emulsion izugbe, ọ gaghịkwa agbagharị ọzọ mgbe ọ zutere mmiri. Mgbasa.
Enwere ike kewaa ntụ ntụ rọba Redispersible n'ime: styrene-butadiene copolymer, tertiary carbonic acid ethylene copolymer, ethylene-acetate acetic acid copolymer, wdg, dabere na nke a, a na-akụnye silicone, vinyl laurate, wdg iji melite arụmọrụ. Usoro mgbanwe dị iche iche na-eme ka ntụ ntụ rọba redispersible nwee ihe dị iche iche dịka iguzogide mmiri, iguzogide alkali, iguzogide ihu igwe na mgbanwe. Nwere vinyl laurate na silicone, nke nwere ike ime ka ntụ ntụ rọba nwee ezigbo hydrophobicity. Vinyl tertiary carbonate nwere alaka dị elu nke nwere obere uru Tg na ezigbo mgbanwe.
Mgbe e tinyere ụdị ntụ rọba ndị a n'elu ụrọ, ha niile na-enwe mmetụta igbu oge n'oge ntọala simenti, mana mmetụta igbu oge dị obere karịa nke itinye kpọmkwem na emulsions ndị yiri ya. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere ya, styrene-butadiene nwere mmetụta kachasị na-ebelata ihe mgbu, ethylene-vinyl acetate nwekwara obere mmetụta mbelata ihe mgbu. Ọ bụrụ na dose ahụ dị obere, mmetụta nke imeziwanye arụmọrụ nke ụrọ abụghị ihe doro anya.
Oge ozi: Eprel-03-2023