Sinjani isimo semakethe yasekhaya neyakwamanye amazwe se-non-ionic cellulose ether?

(1)Ukubuka konke kwemakethe ye-ether ye-cellulose engeyona ionic yomhlaba wonke:

Ngokombono wokusabalalisa amandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke, ama-43% esamba somhlaba wonkei-cellulose etherUkukhiqizwa ngo-2018 kwavela e-Asia (iShayina yayine-79% yokukhiqizwa kwase-Asia), iNtshonalanga Yurophu yayine-36%, kanti iNyakatho Melika yayine-8%. Ngokombono wesidingo somhlaba wonke se-cellulose ether, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether yomhlaba wonke ngo-2018 kungamathani ayizigidi eziyi-1.1. Kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2023, ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether kuzokhula ngesilinganiso sonyaka esingu-2.9%.

Cishe ingxenye yesamba sokusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether emhlabeni wonke yi-ionic cellulose (emelelwa yi-CMC), esetshenziswa kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zokuhlanza, izithasiselo zase-oyili kanye nezithasiselo zokudla; ​​cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yi-non-ionic methyl cellulose kanye nezinto zayo eziphuma kuyo (emelelwa yi-I-HPMC), kanti ingxenye eyodwa kweziyisithupha esele yi-hydroxyethyl cellulose kanye nezinto eziphuma kuyo kanye nezinye i-cellulose ethers. Ukukhula kwesidingo sama-non-ionic cellulose ethers kuqhutshwa kakhulu yizicelo emikhakheni yezinto zokwakha, izembozo, ukudla, imithi, kanye namakhemikhali ansuku zonke. Ngokombono wokusatshalaliswa kwesifunda kwemakethe yabathengi, imakethe yase-Asia iyimakethe ekhula ngokushesha. Kusukela ngo-2014 kuya ku-2019, izinga lokukhula lonyaka elihlanganisiwe lesidingo se-cellulose ether e-Asia lifinyelele ku-8.24%. Phakathi kwazo, isidingo esikhulu e-Asia sivela eShayina, esibalelwa ku-23% wesidingo somhlaba wonke.

(2)Ukubuka konke kwemakethe yasekhaya ye-non-ionic cellulose ether:

EShayina, ama-ionic cellulose ethers amelwe yiI-CMCyathuthukiswa ngaphambilini, yakha inqubo yokukhiqiza evuthiwe kanye nomthamo omkhulu wokukhiqiza. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-IHS, abakhiqizi baseShayina bathathe cishe ingxenye yamandla okukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke wemikhiqizo eyisisekelo ye-CMC. Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-non-ionic cellulose ether kwaqala sekwephuzile ezweni lakithi, kodwa isivinini sokuthuthukiswa siyashesha.

Ngokusho kwedatha ye-China Cellulose Industry Association, amandla okukhiqiza, umkhiqizo kanye nokuthengiswa kwama-non-ionic cellulose ethers amabhizinisi asekhaya eShayina kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021 kungokulandelayo:

Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yentuthuko, imakethe ye-non-ionic cellulose ether yaseShayina ithuthuke kakhulu. Ngo-2021, amandla okukhiqiza aklanywe nge-HPMC yezinto zokwakha azofinyelela amathani angu-117,600, umkhiqizo uzoba amathani angu-104,300, kanti umthamo wokuthengisa uzoba amathani angu-97,500. Izinzuzo ezinkulu zezimboni kanye nokwakheka kwendawo ngokuyisisekelo ziye zathola ukushintshwa kwasekhaya. Kodwa-ke, ngemikhiqizo ye-HEC, ngenxa yokuqala kwe-R&D kanye nokukhiqiza sekwephuzile ezweni lakithi, inqubo yokukhiqiza eyinkimbinkimbi kanye nezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphakeme, amandla okukhiqiza amanje, umthamo wokukhiqiza kanye nomthamo wokuthengisa wemikhiqizo yasekhaya ye-HEC mncane kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, eminyakeni yamuva nje, njengoba amabhizinisi asekhaya eqhubeka nokukhulisa utshalomali ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni, athuthukise izinga lobuchwepheshe futhi athuthukise amakhasimende angaphansi, ukukhiqiza kanye nokuthengisa kukhule ngokushesha. Ngokusho kwedatha evela kwi-China Cellulose Industry Association, ngo-2021, amabhizinisi amakhulu asekhaya i-HEC (afakwe kwizibalo zenhlangano yezimboni, yonke inhloso) anekhono lokukhiqiza eliklanyelwe lamathani ayi-19,000, umkhiqizo wamathani ayi-17,300, kanye nomthamo wokuthengisa wamathani ayi-16,800. Phakathi kwawo, umthamo wokukhiqiza ukhuphuke ngo-72.73% unyaka nonyaka uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020, umkhiqizo ukhuphuke ngo-43.41% unyaka nonyaka, kanti umthamo wokuthengisa ukhuphuke ngo-40.60% unyaka nonyaka.

Njengesengezo, umthamo wokuthengisa we-HEC uthintwa kakhulu yisidingo semakethe esingezansi. Njengensimu yokusetshenziswa ebaluleke kakhulu ye-HEC, imboni yezingubo zokumboza inobudlelwano obuhle obuqinile nemboni ye-HEC maqondana nomkhiqizo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwemakethe. Ngokombono wokusatshalaliswa kwemakethe, imakethe yezingubo zokumboza isatshalaliswa kakhulu eJiangsu, eZhejiang naseShanghai eMpumalanga yeShayina, eGuangdong eNingizimu yeShayina, ogwini oluseningizimu-mpumalanga, kanye naseSichuan eNingizimu-ntshonalanga yeShayina. Phakathi kwazo, umkhiqizo wezingubo zokumboza eJiangsu, eZhejiang, eShanghai naseFujian ulinganiselwa cishe ku-32%, kanti lowo eNingizimu yeShayina naseGuangdong ulinganiselwa cishe ku-20%. 5 ngenhla. Imakethe yemikhiqizo ye-HEC iphinde igxile kakhulu eJiangsu, eZhejiang, eShanghai, eGuangdong naseFujian. I-HEC okwamanje isetshenziswa kakhulu ekumbozeni kwezakhiwo, kodwa ifanelekela zonke izinhlobo zezingubo zokumboza ezisekelwe emanzini ngokwezimfanelo zomkhiqizo wayo.

Ngo-2021, umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke wezingubo zaseShayina kulindeleke ukuthi ube ngamathani ayizigidi ezingama-25.82, kanti umkhiqizo wezingubo zokwakha kanye nezingubo zezimboni uzoba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-7.51 kanye namathani ayizigidi eziyi-18.31 ngokulandelana.6. Izingubo ezisekelwe emanzini njengamanje zibanga cishe ama-90% ezingubo zokwakha, futhi cishe zibanga ama-25%, kulinganiselwa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kopende olusekelwe emanzini ezweni lami ngo-2021 kuzoba ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-11.3365. Ngokwethiyori, inani le-HEC elingeziwe kupende olusekelwe emanzini lingu-0.1% kuya ku-0.5%, libalwa ngokwesilinganiso esingu-0.3%, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi wonke amapende asekelwe emanzini asebenzisa i-HEC njengesithasiselo, isidingo sikazwelonke se-HEC yezinga lopende singamathani angaba ngu-34,000. Ngokusekelwe ekukhiqizweni koqweqwe lomhlaba wonke okungamathani ayizigidi ezingama-97.6 ngo-2020 (lapho uqweqwe lwezakhiwo lubalelwa ku-58.20% kanti uqweqwe lwezimboni lubalelwa ku-41.80%), isidingo somhlaba wonke se-HEC yezinga loqweqwe silinganiselwa ku-184,000 amathani.

Ngamafuphi, njengamanje, isabelo semakethe se-HEC yezinga lokumboza labakhiqizi basekhaya eShayina sisaphansi, futhi isabelo semakethe yasekhaya sihlala kakhulu abakhiqizi bamazwe ngamazwe abamelelwe yi-Ashland yase-United States, futhi kunendawo enkulu yokushintshaniswa kwasekhaya. Ngokuthuthuka kwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo we-HEC wasekhaya kanye nokwandiswa kwamandla okukhiqiza, izoncintisana kakhulu nabakhiqizi bamazwe ngamazwe emkhakheni ongezansi omelelwe yizimbozo. Ukushintshaniswa kwasekhaya kanye nokuncintisana kwemakethe yamazwe ngamazwe kuzoba yindlela eyinhloko yokuthuthukiswa kwale mboni esikhathini esithile esizayo.

I-MHEC isetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezinto zokwakha. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-cement mortar ukuthuthukisa ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukwandisa isikhathi sokusetha kwe-cement mortar, ukunciphisa amandla ayo okuguquguquka kanye namandla okucindezela, nokwandisa amandla ayo okubopha. Ngenxa yephuzu lejeli lalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo, ayisetshenziswa kakhulu emkhakheni wezingubo, futhi incintisana kakhulu ne-HPMC emkhakheni wezinto zokwakha. I-MHEC inephuzu lejeli, kodwa iphakeme kune-HPMC, futhi njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-hydroxy ethoxy kukhuphuka, iphuzu layo lejeli liya endaweni yokushisa okuphezulu. Uma isetshenziswa ku-mixed mortar, kuyazuzisa ukulibazisa i-cement slurry ekushiseni okuphezulu. Ukusabela kwe-electrochemical okukhulu, ukwandisa izinga lokugcina amanzi kanye namandla okubopha i-slurry kanye neminye imiphumela.

Izinga lokutshalwa kwezimali embonini yokwakha, indawo yokwakha izindlu, indawo eqediwe, indawo yokuhlobisa izindlu, indawo yokuvuselela izindlu ezindala kanye nezinguquko zazo yizinto eziyinhloko ezithinta isidingo se-MHEC emakethe yasekhaya. Kusukela ngo-2021, ngenxa yomthelela wobhubhane olusha lwe-crown pneumonia, ukulawulwa kwenqubomgomo yezindlu, kanye nezingozi zokushintsha kwezimali zezinkampani zezindlu, ukuchuma kwemboni yezindlu yaseShayina kuye kwehla, kodwa imboni yezindlu iseyimboni ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komnotho waseShayina. Ngaphansi kwemigomo iyonke "yokucindezela", "ukuvimbela isidingo esingenangqondo", "ukuqinisa amanani omhlaba, ukuzinzisa amanani ezindlu, kanye nokuzinzisa okulindelwe", igcizelela ukugxila ekulungiseni isakhiwo sokuphakelwa sesikhathi esiphakathi neside, ngenkathi kugcinwa ukuqhubeka, ukuzinza, kanye nokuvumelana kwezinqubomgomo zomthetho, kanye nokuthuthukisa imakethe yezindlu yesikhathi eside. Indlela yokuphatha ephumelelayo yokuqinisekisa intuthuko yesikhathi eside, ezinzile nenempilo yemakethe yezindlu. Esikhathini esizayo, intuthuko yemboni yezindlu izoba yintuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu ngekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nesivinini esiphansi. Ngakho-ke, ukwehla kwamanje kokuchuma kwemboni yezindlu kubangelwa ukulungiswa kwemboni ngezigaba enkambisweni yokungena enkambisweni yentuthuko enempilo, futhi imboni yezindlu isenendawo yentuthuko esikhathini esizayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokusho "koHlelo Lweminyaka Emihlanu Lwe-14 Lokuthuthukiswa Komnotho Nomphakathi Kazwelonke kanye Nohlaka Lwemigomo Yesikhathi Eside Ka-2035", kuphakanyiswa ukushintsha indlela yentuthuko yedolobha, okuhlanganisa ukusheshisa ukuvuselelwa kwedolobha, ukuguqula nokuthuthukisa imiphakathi emidala, amafektri amadala, imisebenzi yezindawo zesitoko njengezakhiwo ezindala kanye nezindawo zasemadolobheni, kanye nokukhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwezakhiwo ezindala kanye neminye imigomo. Ukwanda kwesidingo sezinto zokwakha ekulungisweni kwezindlu ezindala nakho kuyisiqondiso esibalulekile sokwandiswa kwendawo yemakethe ye-MHEC esikhathini esizayo.

Ngokwezibalo ze-China Cellulose Industry Association, kusukela ngo-2019 kuya ku-2021, umkhiqizo we-MHEC ngamabhizinisi asekhaya wawungamathani angu-34,652, amathani angu-34,150 kanye namathani angu-20,194 ngokulandelana, kanti umthamo wokuthengisa wawungamathani angu-32,531, amathani angu-33,570 kanye namathani angu-20,411 ngokulandelana, okubonisa ukwehla jikelele. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukuthiI-MHECkanye ne-HPMC zinemisebenzi efanayo, futhi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha ezifana nodaka. Kodwa-ke, izindleko kanye nentengo yokuthengisa ye-MHEC ziphakeme kuneze-I-HPMC. Emongweni wokukhula okuqhubekayo kwamandla okukhiqiza i-HPMC yasekhaya, isidingo semakethe se-MHEC sehlile. Ngo-2019 Ngo-2021, ukuqhathanisa phakathi komkhiqizo we-MHEC nowe-HPMC, umthamo wokuthengisa, intengo emaphakathi, njll. kungokulandelayo: