Kodi msika wamkati ndi wakunja uli bwanji pa efa ya cellulose yosakhala ya ionic?

(1)Chidule cha msika wapadziko lonse wa ether wa nonionic cellulose:

Poganizira za kugawa mphamvu zopangira padziko lonse lapansi, 43% ya zonse padziko lonse lapansiether ya celluloseKupanga mu 2018 kunachokera ku Asia (China inali ndi 79% ya kupanga kwa Asia), Western Europe inali ndi 36%, ndipo North America inali ndi 8%. Kuchokera pakuwona kufunika kwa ether ya cellulose padziko lonse lapansi, kugwiritsa ntchito ether ya cellulose padziko lonse mu 2018 kunali pafupifupi matani 1.1 miliyoni. Kuyambira 2018 mpaka 2023, kugwiritsa ntchito ether ya cellulose kudzakula pa avareji ya 2.9%.

Pafupifupi theka la kuchuluka kwa ether ya cellulose padziko lonse lapansi ndi ionic cellulose (yomwe imaimiridwa ndi CMC), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sopo, zowonjezera zamafuta ndi zowonjezera zakudya; pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu ndi non-ionic methyl cellulose ndi zinthu zomwe zimachokera ku ionic (yomwe imaimiridwa ndiHPMC), ndipo gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi limodzi otsala ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi zotumphukira zake ndi ma ether ena a cellulose. Kukula kwa kufunikira kwa ma ether a cellulose osakhala a ionic kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo a zipangizo zomangira, zokutira, chakudya, mankhwala, ndi mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchokera pakuwona kufalikira kwa msika wa ogula m'chigawo, msika wa ku Asia ndiye msika womwe ukukula mwachangu kwambiri. Kuyambira 2014 mpaka 2019, kuchuluka kwa pachaka kwa kufunikira kwa ether ya cellulose ku Asia kudafika pa 8.24%. Pakati pawo, kufunikira kwakukulu ku Asia kumachokera ku China, komwe kumapanga 23% ya kufunikira konse padziko lonse lapansi.

(2)Chidule cha msika wa efa wa cellulose wosakhala wa ionic m'dziko:

Mu China, ma ionic cellulose ethers omwe amaimiridwa ndiCMCidapangidwa kale, ndikupanga njira yopangira yokhwima komanso mphamvu yayikulu yopangira. Malinga ndi deta ya IHS, opanga aku China atenga pafupifupi theka la mphamvu yonse yopangira zinthu zoyambira za CMC padziko lonse lapansi. Kupanga kwa ether ya cellulose yosakhala ionic kunayamba mochedwa mdziko langa, koma liwiro la chitukuko ndi lachangu.

Malinga ndi deta ya China Cellulose Industry Association, mphamvu yopangira, kutulutsa ndi kugulitsa ma ether a cellulose omwe si a ionic a mabizinesi akunyumba ku China kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2021 ndi awa:

Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za chitukuko, msika wa ether wa cellulose ku China wosakhala ionic wapita patsogolo kwambiri. Mu 2021, mphamvu yopangira zinthu zomangira ya HPMC idzafika matani 117,600, zotulutsa zidzakhala matani 104,300, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malonda kudzakhala matani 97,500. Ubwino waukulu wa mafakitale ndi malo okhala wapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe m'nyumba. Komabe, pazinthu za HEC, chifukwa cha kuyamba mochedwa kwa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga m'dziko langa, njira yovuta yopangira komanso zopinga zazikulu zaukadaulo, mphamvu yopangira, kupanga ndi kugulitsa zinthu za HEC m'nyumba ndi zochepa. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwa, pamene mabizinesi akunyumba akupitiliza kuwonjezera ndalama mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko, kukweza mulingo waukadaulo ndikukulitsa makasitomala akumidzi, kupanga ndi kugulitsa kwakula mwachangu. Malinga ndi deta yochokera ku China Cellulose Industry Association, mu 2021, mabizinesi akuluakulu akunyumba a HEC (omwe akuphatikizidwa mu ziwerengero za mgwirizano wa mafakitale, cholinga chonse) ali ndi mphamvu yopangira matani 19,000, kutulutsa matani 17,300, ndi kuchuluka kwa malonda matani 16,800. Pakati pawo, mphamvu yopangira idakwera ndi 72.73% pachaka poyerekeza ndi 2020, kutulutsa kudakwera ndi 43.41% pachaka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malonda kudakwera ndi 40.60% pachaka.

Monga chowonjezera, kuchuluka kwa malonda a HEC kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kufunikira kwa msika komwe kukubwera. Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri la HEC, makampani opanga zokutira ali ndi mgwirizano wabwino ndi makampani a HEC pankhani ya zotulutsa ndi kugawa msika. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kugawa msika, msika wamakampani opanga zokutira umagawidwa makamaka ku Jiangsu, Zhejiang ndi Shanghai ku East China, Guangdong ku South China, gombe lakum'mwera chakum'mawa, ndi Sichuan ku Southwest China. Pakati pawo, zotulutsa zokutira ku Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai ndi Fujian zinali pafupifupi 32%, ndipo zomwe zili ku South China ndi Guangdong zinali pafupifupi 20%. 5 pamwambapa. Msika wazinthu za HEC umapezekanso kwambiri ku Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong ndi Fujian. Pakadali pano HEC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zokutira, koma ndiyoyenera mitundu yonse ya zokutira zochokera m'madzi malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake azinthu.

Mu 2021, ndalama zonse zomwe zimapangidwa pachaka ndi zokutira ku China zikuyembekezeka kukhala matani pafupifupi 25.82 miliyoni, ndipo zotulutsa za zokutira zomangamanga ndi zokutira mafakitale zidzakhala matani 7.51 miliyoni ndi matani 18.31 miliyoni motsatana.6. Zophimba zochokera m'madzi pakadali pano zimakhala pafupifupi 90% ya zokutira zomangamanga, ndipo pafupifupi 25%, akuti kupanga utoto wochokera m'madzi mdziko langa mu 2021 kudzakhala pafupifupi matani 11.3365 miliyoni. Mwachidziwitso, kuchuluka kwa HEC komwe kumawonjezeredwa ku utoto wochokera m'madzi ndi 0.1% mpaka 0.5%, kuwerengedwa pa avareji ya 0.3%, poganiza kuti utoto wonse wochokera m'madzi umagwiritsa ntchito HEC ngati chowonjezera, kufunikira kwa dziko lonse kwa HEC yopaka utoto ndi pafupifupi matani 34,000. Kutengera ndi kupanga kophimba padziko lonse lapansi kwa matani 97.6 miliyoni mu 2020 (mwa iwo zophimba zomangamanga zimakhala 58.20% ndipo zophimba zamafakitale zimakhala 41.80%), kufunikira kwa HEC yapamwamba padziko lonse lapansi kukuyerekeza kuti ndi matani pafupifupi 184,000.

Mwachidule, pakadali pano, gawo la msika wa HEC yopaka utoto wa opanga zinthu zapakhomo ku China likadali lotsika, ndipo gawo la msika wapakhomo makamaka ndi opanga apadziko lonse omwe akuimiridwa ndi Ashland wa ku United States, ndipo pali malo ambiri osinthira zinthu zapakhomo. Ndi kusintha kwa khalidwe la zinthu zapakhomo za HEC komanso kukulitsa mphamvu zopangira, idzapikisana kwambiri ndi opanga apadziko lonse lapansi omwe ali pansi pa nthaka omwe akuimiridwa ndi utoto. Kusintha zinthu zapakhomo ndi mpikisano wa msika wapadziko lonse lapansi zidzakhala njira yayikulu yopititsira patsogolo makampaniwa munthawi inayake mtsogolomu.

MHEC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ntchito yomanga. Nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu simenti kuti iwonjezere kusunga madzi, kukulitsa nthawi yoyika simenti, kuchepetsa mphamvu yake yopindika komanso mphamvu yokakamiza, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yake yolumikizirana. Chifukwa cha mfundo ya gel yamtunduwu, sigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ntchito yopaka, ndipo imapikisana kwambiri ndi HPMC pa ntchito yomanga. MHEC ili ndi mfundo ya gel, koma ndi yokwera kuposa HPMC, ndipo pamene kuchuluka kwa hydroxy ethoxy kumawonjezeka, mfundo yake ya gel imasunthira ku mbali ya kutentha kwakukulu. Ngati igwiritsidwa ntchito mu simenti yosakanikirana, ndibwino kuchedwetsa simenti pa kutentha kwakukulu. Bulk electrochemical reaction, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira komanso mphamvu yolumikizirana ya simenti ndi zotsatira zina.

Kukula kwa ndalama zomwe makampani omanga amaika, malo omanga nyumba, malo omalizidwa, malo okongoletsera nyumba, malo okonzanso nyumba zakale ndi kusintha kwawo ndi zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kufunikira kwa MHEC pamsika wamkati. Kuyambira mu 2021, chifukwa cha mliri watsopano wa chibayo, malamulo okhudza nyumba, komanso zoopsa zamakampani ogulitsa nyumba, kupita patsogolo kwa makampani ogulitsa nyumba ku China kwatsika, koma makampani ogulitsa nyumba akadali makampani ofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwachuma ku China. Pansi pa mfundo zonse za "kupondereza", "kuletsa kufunikira kosamveka bwino", "kukhazikitsa mitengo ya malo, kukhazikitsa mitengo ya nyumba, ndi kukhazikitsa ziyembekezo", ikugogomezera kuyang'ana kwambiri pakusintha kapangidwe ka zinthu zapakati ndi zazitali, ndikusunga kupitiliza, kukhazikika, komanso kusasinthasintha kwa mfundo zoyendetsera, ndikukweza msika wa nyumba wanthawi yayitali. Njira yoyendetsera bwino yowonetsetsa kuti msika wa nyumba ukukula nthawi yayitali, mokhazikika komanso wathanzi. M'tsogolomu, chitukuko cha makampani ogulitsa nyumba chidzakhala chitukuko chapamwamba kwambiri chokhala ndi khalidwe lapamwamba komanso liwiro lotsika. Chifukwa chake, kuchepa kwachuma kwa makampani ogulitsa nyumba chifukwa cha kusintha pang'onopang'ono kwa makampaniwa pokonzekera njira yopitira patsogolo, ndipo makampani ogulitsa nyumba akadali ndi malo oti apitirire patsogolo mtsogolo. Nthawi yomweyo, malinga ndi "Pulani ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14 ya Chitukuko cha Zachuma ndi Chikhalidwe cha Anthu ndi Ndondomeko ya Zolinga Zanthawi Yaitali ya 2035", akupereka lingaliro losintha njira yopititsira patsogolo mizinda, kuphatikizapo kufulumizitsa kukonzanso mizinda, kusintha ndi kukweza madera akale, mafakitale akale, ntchito zakale za madera osungiramo katundu monga mabuloko akale ndi midzi yamatauni, ndikulimbikitsa kukonzanso nyumba zakale ndi zolinga zina. Kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa zipangizo zomangira pakukonzanso nyumba zakale ndi njira yofunika kwambiri pakukulitsa malo amsika wa MHEC mtsogolo.

Malinga ndi ziwerengero za bungwe la China Cellulose Industry Association, kuyambira 2019 mpaka 2021, ntchito ya MHEC m'mabizinesi am'nyumba inali matani 34,652, matani 34,150 ndi matani 20,194 motsatana, ndipo kuchuluka kwa malonda kunali matani 32,531, matani 33,570 ndi matani 20,411 motsatana, zomwe zikusonyeza kutsika kwakukulu. Chifukwa chachikulu ndichakutiMHECndi HPMC zili ndi ntchito zofanana, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa zipangizo zomangira monga matope. Komabe, mtengo ndi mtengo wogulitsa wa MHEC ndi wapamwamba kuposa waHPMC. Pankhani ya kukula kosalekeza kwa mphamvu zopangira HPMC m'dziko muno, kufunikira kwa msika wa MHEC kwatsika. Mu 2019 Pofika mu 2021, kuyerekeza pakati pa zotuluka za MHEC ndi HPMC, kuchuluka kwa malonda, mtengo wapakati, ndi zina zotero ndi motere: