Ese isoko rya selulose idafite ionic ether rihagaze gute mu gihugu no mu mahanga?

(1)Incamake y'isoko rya eteri ya selulosi idafite ionic ku isi:

Ukurikije uburyo ubushobozi bw'umusaruro bukwirakwizwa ku isi, 43% by'umusaruro wose ku isieteri ya seluloseUmusaruro mu 2018 waturutse muri Aziya (Ubushinwa bwari bufite 79% by'umusaruro wo muri Aziya), Uburayi bw'Iburengerazuba bwari bufite 36%, naho Amerika y'Amajyaruguru yari ifite 8%. Ukurikije uko eteri ya selulosi ikenewe ku isi, ikoreshwa rya eteri ya selulosi ku isi mu 2018 ni toni miliyoni 1.1. Kuva mu 2018 kugeza mu 2023, ikoreshwa rya eteri ya selulosi rizazamuka ku kigero mpuzandengo cya 2.9% ku mwaka.

Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'ikoreshwa rya eteri ya selulosi ku isi yose ni selulosi ya ioni (igaragazwa na CMC), ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu byuma bisukura, mu byuma bisukura peteroli no mu byuma bisukura ibiryo; kimwe cya gatatu ni selulosi ya methyl itari ioni n'ibindi biyikomokaho (igaragazwa naHPMC), naho igice cya gatandatu gisigaye ni hydroxyethyl cellulose n'ibikomoka kuri yo hamwe n'izindi ether za cellulose. Ukwiyongera k'ubukene bwa ether za cellulose zitari ionic guterwa ahanini n'ikoreshwa mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, irangi, ibiribwa, imiti, n'imiti ya buri munsi. Ukurikije uko isoko ry'abaguzi rikwirakwira mu karere, isoko rya Aziya ni ryo soko rikura vuba. Kuva mu 2014 kugeza 2019, igipimo cy'ubwiyongere bw'ubukene bwa ether ya cellulose muri Aziya cyageze kuri 8.24%. Muri byo, ubukene bw'ingenzi muri Aziya buturuka mu Bushinwa, bungana na 23% by'ubukene rusange ku isi.

(2)Incamake y'isoko rya eteri ya cellulose idafite ionic mu gihugu:

Mu Bushinwa, eteri za cellulose ionic zihagarariwe naCMCyakozwe mbere, ikora uburyo bwo gukora bugezweho kandi bufite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo gukora. Dukurikije imibare ya IHS, abakora mu Bushinwa bigaruriye hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'ubushobozi bwo gukora ku isi bw'ibicuruzwa by'ibanze bya CMC. Iterambere rya eteri ya cellulose itari ionic ryatangiye nyuma y'igihe gito mu gihugu cyanjye, ariko umuvuduko w'iterambere urihuta.

Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda za cellulose mu Bushinwa, ubushobozi bwo gukora, umusaruro n’igurishwa rya eteri za cellulose zitari ionic z’ibigo by’imbere mu gihugu mu Bushinwa kuva mu 2019 kugeza 2021 ni ibi bikurikira:

Nyuma y'imyaka myinshi y'iterambere, isoko rya ether rya cellulose ritari ionic mu Bushinwa ryateye imbere cyane. Mu 2021, ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bwa HPMC buzaba toni 117.600, umusaruro uzaba toni 104.300, naho ingano y'ibicuruzwa izaba toni 97.500. Inganda nini n'inyungu zo mu rwego rwo hejuru byagize uruhare mu gusimbuza mu gihugu. Ariko, ku bicuruzwa bya HEC, bitewe n'uko ubushakashatsi n'iterambere byatangiye mu gihugu cyanjye, inzira igoye yo gukora n'imbogamizi nyinshi za tekiniki, ubushobozi bwo gukora ubu, umusaruro n'ingano y'ibicuruzwa bya HEC mu gihugu ni bike cyane. Ariko, mu myaka ya vuba aha, uko ibigo by'imbere mu gihugu bikomeje kongera ishoramari mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere, kunoza urwego rw'ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere abakiriya bashya, umusaruro n'ibicuruzwa byariyongereye cyane. Dukurikije imibare yavuye mu Ishyirahamwe ry’Inganda za Cellulose mu Bushinwa, mu 2021, ibigo bikomeye byo mu gihugu HEC (biri mu mibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda, byose bigamije) bifite ubushobozi bwo gukora toni 19.000, umusaruro ungana na toni 17.300, n’umusaruro ungana na toni 16.800. Muri byo, ubushobozi bwo gukora bwiyongereyeho 72.73% ugereranije n’umwaka wa 2020, umusaruro wiyongereyeho 43.41% ugereranije n’umwaka, naho ingano y’ibicuruzwa yiyongereyeho 40.60% ugereranije n’umwaka.

Nk’inyongera, ingano y’ibicuruzwa bya HEC igizweho ingaruka cyane n’ibikenewe ku isoko. Nk’urwego rw’ingenzi rukoreshwa muri HEC, inganda zikora irangi zifite isano ikomeye n’inganda za HEC mu bijyanye n’umusaruro n’ikwirakwizwa ry’isoko. Mu bijyanye no gukwirakwiza isoko, isoko ry’inganda zikora irangi riherereye cyane cyane muri Jiangsu, Zhejiang na Shanghai mu Burasirazuba bw’Ubushinwa, Guangdong mu Majyepfo y’Ubushinwa, ku nkombe y’amajyepfo y’uburasirazuba, na Sichuan mu Majyepfo y’Ubushinwa. Muri zo, umusaruro w’irangi muri Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai na Fujian wari hafi 32%, naho uwo mu Majyepfo y’Ubushinwa na Guangdong wari hafi 20%. 5 byavuzwe haruguru. Isoko ry’ibicuruzwa bya HEC rikunze kwibanda muri Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Guangdong na Fujian. HEC ubu ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu irangi ry’ubwubatsi, ariko ikwiriye ubwoko bwose bw’irangi rishingiye ku mazi mu bijyanye n’ibicuruzwa byayo.

Mu 2021, umusaruro wose w’amabara yo mu Bushinwa witezwe kuba toni miliyoni 25.82 ku mwaka, naho umusaruro w’amabara yo mu bwubatsi n’ay’inganda uzaba toni miliyoni 7.51 na toni miliyoni 18.316.6. Amabara yo mu mazi ubu agize hafi 90% by’amabara yo mu bwubatsi, naho hafi 25%, bivugwa ko umusaruro w’amabara yo mu gihugu cyanjye mu 2021 uzaba toni miliyoni 11.3365. Mu buryo bw’imitekerereze, ingano ya HEC yongewe ku marangi yo mu mazi ni 0.1% kugeza 0.5%, ibarwa ku mpuzandengo ya 0.3%, dutekereje ko amarangi yose yo mu mazi akoresha HEC nk’inyongera, icyifuzo cy’igihugu cya HEC yo mu rwego rw’irangi ni toni 34.000. Hashingiwe ku musaruro wose wa toni miliyoni 97.6 ku isi mu 2020 (muri zo harimo irangi ry’ubwubatsi ringana na 58.20% naho irangi ry’inganda ringana na 41.80%), igikenewe ku isi hose cya HEC yo mu rwego rwo hejuru giteganijwe kuba toni zigera ku 184.000.

Muri make, ubu, isoko rya HEC yo mu rwego rwo hejuru rw'inganda zikora ibikoresho byo mu gihugu mu Bushinwa riracyari hasi, kandi umugabane w'isoko ry'imbere mu gihugu wiganjemo inganda mpuzamahanga zihagarariwe na Ashland yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, kandi hari umwanya munini wo gusimbuza inganda imbere mu gihugu. Hamwe no kunoza ireme ry'ibicuruzwa bya HEC byo mu gihugu no kwagura ubushobozi bwo kubitunganya, bizarushaho guhangana n'inganda mpuzamahanga mu rwego rwo hasi ruhagarariwe n'ibicuruzwa byo gusimbuza inganda. Gusimbuza inganda imbere mu gihugu no guhangana ku isoko mpuzamahanga bizaba ari intambwe ikomeye mu iterambere ry'uru rwego mu gihe runaka mu gihe kizaza.

MHEC ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. Ikunze gukoreshwa muri sima kugira ngo yongere amazi yayo, yongere igihe cyo gushyiraho sima, igabanye imbaraga zayo zo gukanda no gukanda, kandi yongere imbaraga zayo zo gukanda. Kubera ingingo ya gel y'ubu bwoko bw'ibicuruzwa, ntabwo ikoreshwa cyane mu bijyanye no gusiga, kandi ahanini ihangana na HPMC mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi. MHEC ifite ingingo ya gel, ariko iri hejuru kurusha HPMC, kandi uko ingano ya hydroxy ethoxy yiyongera, ingingo yayo ya gel igenda yerekeza ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo ikoreshejwe muri sima ivanze, ni byiza gutinza sima ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Ikoreshwa rya electrochemical ryinshi, kongera umuvuduko wo gufata amazi no gukomera kwa tensile bond ya sima n'izindi ngaruka.

Ishoramari ry’inganda z’ubwubatsi, agace k’ubwubatsi bw’ubutaka, agace kuzuye, agace k’imitako y’amazu, agace k’ivugurura ry’amazu ashaje n’impinduka zabyo ni byo bintu by’ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku busabe bwa MHEC ku isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu. Kuva mu 2021, bitewe n’ingaruka z’icyorezo gishya cya pneumonia, amategeko agenga imitungo itimukanwa, n’ibyago by’amafaranga y’ibigo by’ubucuruzi bw’ubutaka, iterambere ry’inganda z’ubucuruzi bw’ubutaka mu Bushinwa ryaragabanutse, ariko inganda z’ubucuruzi bw’ubutaka ziracyari inganda z’ingenzi ku iterambere ry’ubukungu bw’Ubushinwa. Dukurikije amahame rusange yo "gukandamiza", "kubuza ubusabe budafite ishingiro", "gutuza ibiciro by’ubutaka, gutuza ibiciro by’amazu, no gutuza ibyitezwe", ishimangira kwibanda ku guhindura imiterere y’itangwa ry’umutungo mu gihe giciriritse n’igihe kirekire, mu gihe hagumaho gukomeza, guhamye, no guhuza politiki z’amategeko, no kunoza isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’amazu mu gihe kirekire. Uburyo bwiza bwo gucunga kugira ngo habeho iterambere rirambye, rihamye kandi rizima ry’isoko ry’ubucuruzi bw’ubutaka. Mu gihe kizaza, iterambere ry’inganda z’ubucuruzi bw’ubutaka rizagenda riba iterambere ryiza cyane rifite ubuziranenge kandi riciriritse. Kubwibyo, igabanuka ry’iterambere ry’inganda zicuruza amazu riterwa n’impinduka z’inganda mu nzira yo kwinjira mu iterambere ryiza, kandi inganda zicuruza amazu ziracyafite umwanya wo gutera imbere mu gihe kizaza. Muri icyo gihe, nk’uko bivugwa mu “Gahunda ya 14 y’imyaka itanu y’iterambere ry’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’intego z’igihe kirekire za 2035”, harasabwa guhindura uburyo bw’iterambere ry’imijyi, harimo kwihutisha kuvugurura imijyi, guhindura no kuvugurura imiryango ishaje, inganda zishaje, imikorere y’ibibanza nk’amazu ashaje n’imidugudu, no guteza imbere kuvugurura inyubako zishaje n’izindi ntego. Ubwiyongere bw’ibikenewe mu kuvugurura amazu ashaje nabyo ni icyerekezo cy’ingenzi cyo kwagura isoko rya MHEC mu gihe kizaza.

Dukurikije imibare y’ishyirahamwe ry’inganda za cellulose mu Bushinwa, kuva mu 2019 kugeza 2021, umusaruro wa MHEC mu bigo by’imbere mu gihugu wari toni 34.652, toni 34.150 na toni 20.194, naho ingano y’ibyagurishijwe ikaba toni 32.531, toni 33.570 na toni 20.411, bigaragaza ko muri rusange igabanuka. Impamvu nyamukuru ni ukoMHECna HPMC bifite imirimo isa, kandi ahanini bikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi nka sima. Ariko, ikiguzi n'igiciro cyo kugurisha bya MHEC biri hejuru ugereranyije n'icyaHPMCMu rwego rwo gukomeza kwiyongera k'ubushobozi bw'umusaruro wa HPMC mu gihugu, icyifuzo cy'isoko rya MHEC cyaragabanutse. Mu 2019 Mu 2021, igereranya hagati y'umusaruro wa MHEC na HPMC, ingano y'ibicuruzwa, igiciro mpuzandengo, nibindi ni ibi bikurikira: