Isizinda kanye Nokubuka Konke
I-Cellulose ether iyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu yamakhemikhali e-polymer eyenziwe nge-polymer cellulose yemvelo ngokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali. Ngemva kokukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose nitrate kanye ne-cellulose acetate ngekhulu le-19, osokhemisi bathuthukise uchungechunge lwezinhlobo ze-cellulose zama-cellulose ether amaningi, futhi amasimu amasha okusetshenziswa atholakale njalo, ahilela imikhakha eminingi yezimboni. Imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether efana ne-sodiumi-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), i-ethyl cellulose (EC), i-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), i-hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), i-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC)futhii-methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC)kanye nezinye i-cellulose ethers zaziwa ngokuthi “i-industrial monosodium glutamate” futhi ziye zasetshenziswa kabanzi ekubholeni uwoyela, ekwakheni, ekumbozeni, ekudleni, emithini kanye nakumakhemikhali ansuku zonke.
I-Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (MHPC) iyimpuphu emhlophe engenaphunga, engenambitheki, engenabuthi engancibilikiswa emanzini abandayo ukuze yakhe isixazululo esicacile esiqinile. Inezici zokuqina, ukubopha, ukuhlakaza, ukuhlanganisa, ukwakha ifilimu, ukumiswa, ukumunca, ukugaya, ukusebenza kwe-gelling, ukugcina umswakama nokuvikela i-colloid. Ngenxa yomsebenzi osebenzayo wesisombululo samanzi, ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuvikela i-colloidal, i-emulsifier kanye ne-dispersant. Isixazululo samanzi se-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose sinamandla okusebenzisa amanzi futhi siyi-ejenti yokugcina amanzi esebenza kahle. Ngenxa yokuthi i-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose iqukethe amaqembu e-hydroxyethyl, inekhono elihle lokulwa nokukhunta, ukuqina okuhle kwe-viscous kanye nokumelana nokukhunta ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside.
I-Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) ilungiswa ngokungenisa izinto ezithatha indawo ye-ethylene oxide (MS 0.3 ~ 0.4) ku-methylcellulose (MC), futhi ukumelana kwayo nosawoti kungcono kunokwama-polymer angashintshiwe. Izinga lokushisa le-gelation le-methylcellulose nalo liphakeme kunele-MC.
Isakhiwo
Isici
Izici eziyinhloko ze-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) yilezi:
1. Ukuncibilika: Kuncibilika emanzini nakwezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo. I-HEMC ingancibilika emanzini abandayo. Ukuhlushwa kwayo okuphezulu kunqunywa kuphela yi-viscosity. Ukuncibilika kuyahlukahluka nge-viscosity. Uma i-viscosity iphansi, kulapho ukuncibilika kuba kukhulu khona.
2. Ukumelana nosawoti: Imikhiqizo ye-HEMC ayi-non-ionic cellulose ethers futhi ayiwona ama-polyelectrolyte, ngakho-ke izinzile ezixazululweni zamanzi lapho kukhona usawoti wensimbi noma ama-electrolyte e-organic, kodwa ukwengezwa ngokweqile kwama-electrolyte kungabangela i-gelation kanye nemvula.
3. Umsebenzi womphezulu: Ngenxa yomsebenzi osebenzayo womphezulu wesisombululo samanzi, singasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuvikela ye-colloidal, i-emulsifier kanye ne-dispersant.
4. Ijeli Yokushisa: Uma isixazululo samanzi semikhiqizo ye-HEMC sishiswa ekushiseni okuthile, siba yi-opaque, sibe amajeli, futhi sikhanye, kodwa uma sipholiswa njalo, sibuyela esimweni sokuqala sesisombululo, futhi izinga lokushisa lapho le jeli kanye nemvula kwenzeka khona ngokuyinhloko kuxhomeke kuzo izithambisi, izinsiza zokumisa, ama-colloid okuvikela, ama-emulsifier njll.
5. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-metabolic kanye nephunga eliphansi kanye nephunga: I-HEMC isetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni nakwezokwelapha ngoba ngeke isetshenziswe futhi inephunga eliphansi kanye nephunga eliphansi.
6. Ukumelana nokukhunta: I-HEMC inokumelana okuhle nokukhunta kanye nokuqina okuhle kokukhunta ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside.
7. Ukuqina kwe-PH: I-viscosity yesisombululo samanzi semikhiqizo ye-HEMC ayithinteki kakhulu yi-asidi noma i-alkali, futhi inani le-pH lizinzile ngaphakathi kobubanzi obuphakathi kuka-3.0 no-11.0.
Isicelo
I-Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ingasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuvikela ye-colloidal, i-emulsifier kanye ne-dispersant ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo osebenza ngaphezulu kwesisombululo samanzi. Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwayo yilezi ezilandelayo:
1. Umphumela we-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ekusebenzeni kwesimende. I-Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose iyimpuphu emhlophe engenaphunga, engenambitheki, engenabuthi engancibilikiswa emanzini abandayo ukuze yakhe isixazululo esicacile esiqinile. Inezici zokuqina, ukubopha, ukuhlakaza, ukuhlanganisa, ukwakha ifilimu, ukumiswa, ukumunca, ukugaya, ukusebenza kwe-gelling, ukugcina umswakama nokuvikela i-colloid. Njengoba isixazululo samanzi sinomsebenzi osebenzayo wobuso, singasetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokuvikela i-colloidal, i-emulsifier kanye ne-dispersant. Isixazululo samanzi se-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose sinobuthi obuhle bokunamathela kwamanzi futhi siyi-ejenti yokugcina amanzi esebenza kahle.
2. Kulungiswa upende wokukhulula oguquguqukayo kakhulu, owenziwe ngezinto zokusetshenziswa ezilandelayo ngezingxenye ngesisindo: 150-200 g wamanzi acwengekile; 60-70 g we-emulsion ye-acrylic emsulwa; 550-650 g we-calcium esindayo; 70-90 g we-talcum powder; Isixazululo samanzi se-base cellulose esingu-30-40g; isixazululo samanzi se-lignocellulose esingu-10-20g; usizo lokwenza ifilimu 4-6g; i-antiseptic kanye ne-fungicide 1.5-2.5g; i-dispersant 1.8-2.2g; i-wetting agent 1.8-2.2g; 3.5-4.5g; i-Ethylene glycol 9-11g; Isixazululo samanzi se-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose senziwa ngokuncibilikisa u-2-4% we-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose emanzini; Isixazululo samanzi se-lignocellulose senziwe nge-1-3% ye-Lignocellulose senziwa ngokuncibilikisa emanzini.
Ukulungiselela
Indlela yokulungiselela i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, indlela iwukuthi ukotini ocwengekile usetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, kanti i-ethylene oxide isetshenziswa njenge-etherification agent ukulungiselela i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose. Izingxenye zesisindo sezinto zokusetshenziswa zokulungiselela i-hydroxyethyl methylcellulose yilezi ezilandelayo: izingxenye ezingu-700-800 ze-toluene kanye nengxube ye-isopropanol njenge-solvent, izingxenye ezingu-30-40 zamanzi, izingxenye ezingu-70-80 ze-sodium hydroxide, izingxenye ezingu-80-85 zekotoni ecwengekile, indandatho izingxenye ezingu-20-28 ze-oxy ethane, izingxenye ezingu-80-90 ze-methyl chloride, izingxenye ezingu-16-19 ze-glacial acetic acid; izinyathelo ezithile yilezi:
Isinyathelo sokuqala, eketheni lokusabela, engeza ingxube ye-toluene ne-isopropanol, amanzi, kanye ne-sodium hydroxide, fudumala kufikela ku-60-80 ° C, gcina kufudumele imizuzu engama-20-40;
Isinyathelo sesibili, ukufaka i-alkalizing: pholisa izinto ezingenhla ku-30-50°C, engeza ukotini ocolisisiwe, fafaza i-toluene kanye ne-isopropanol mix solvent, faka i-vacuum ku-0.006Mpa, gcwalisa i-nitrogen ukuze uthole okunye oku-3, bese uqhubeka ngemuva kokufaka i-Alkalinization esikhundleni, izimo ze-alkalizing yilezi: isikhathi se-alkalizing singamahora ama-2, kanti izinga lokushisa le-alkalizing lingama-30°C kuya kuma-50°C;
Isinyathelo sesithathu, i-etherification: ngemva kokuqedwa kwe-alkalizing, i-reactor ikhishwa iye ku-0.05-0.07MPa, bese kufakwa i-ethylene oxide ne-methyl chloride imizuzu engama-30-50; isigaba sokuqala se-etherification: 40-60°C, amahora angu-1.0-2.0, ingcindezi ilawulwa phakathi kuka-0.15 no-0.3Mpa; isigaba sesibili se-etherification: 60～90℃, amahora angu-2.0～2.5, ingcindezi ilawulwa phakathi kuka-0.4 no-0.8Mpa;
Isinyathelo sesine, ukuncishiswa kwe-acetic: engeza i-glacial acetic acid elinganisiwe kusengaphambili eketheni lokunisela, cindezela ezintweni ezifakwe ether ukuze zincishiswe, phakamisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-75-80°C ukuze kuncishiswe i-acetic, izinga lokushisa lenyuke libe ngu-102°C, bese inani le-pH litholakala ukuthi lingu-6. Ngo-8:00, ukuncishiswa kwe-acetic kuyaqedwa; ithangi lokuncishiswa kwe-acetic ligcwaliswe ngamanzi ompompi aphathwe yidivayisi ye-osmosis ebuyela emuva ku-90°C kuya ku-100°C;
Isinyathelo sesihlanu, ukuwasha nge-centrifugal: izinto ezisesigabeni sesine zifakwa nge-centrifuge ngesikulufo esivundlile, bese izinto ezihlukanisiwe zidluliselwa ethangini lokuwasha eligcwele amanzi ashisayo kusengaphambili ukuze kugezwe izinto;
Isinyathelo sesithupha, ukomisa nge-centrifugal: izinto ezihlanziwe zifakwa emshinini wokomisa nge-centrifuge evundlile, bese izinto zomiswa ku-150-170°C, bese izinto ezomisiwe zichotshozwa futhi zipakishwe.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether obukhona, lo mshini osunguliwe usebenzisa i-ethylene oxide njenge-etherification agent ukulungiselela i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, enokumelana okuhle kwesikhunta ngenxa yokuqukethe amaqembu e-hydroxyethyl. Inokuqina okuhle kwe-viscosity kanye nokumelana nokukhunta ngesikhathi sokugcina isikhathi eside. Ingasetshenziswa esikhundleni sezinye i-cellulose ethers.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-25-2024