Taariikhda iyo Guudmarka
Cellulose ether waa walax kiimiko ah oo si weyn loo isticmaalo oo laga sameeyay polymer cellulose dabiici ah iyada oo loo marayo daaweyn kiimiko ah. Ka dib markii la soo saaray cellulose nitrate iyo cellulose acetate qarnigii 19-aad, kiimikooyinku waxay sameeyeen taxane ah noocyo ka mid ah cellulose ethers badan, waxaana si joogto ah loo helay goobo cusub oo codsi ah, oo ay ku jiraan qaybo badan oo warshadeed. Badeecadaha Cellulose ether sida sodiumcellulose-ka carboxymethyl (CMC), cellulose ethyl (EC), cellulose hydroxyethyl (HEC), cellulose hydroxypropyl (HPC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC)iyomethyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC)iyo kuwa kale ee cellulose ethers waxaa loo yaqaan "glutamate monosodium warshadaha" waxaana si weyn loogu isticmaalay qodista saliidda, dhismaha, dahaarka, cuntada, daawada iyo kiimikooyinka maalinlaha ah.
Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (MHPC) waa budo cad oo aan ur lahayn, dhadhan lahayn, oo aan sun ahayn oo lagu milmi karo biyo qabow si loo sameeyo xal hufan oo fiiqan. Waxay leedahay astaamo ah dhumuc, xidhitaan, kala firdhi, emulsion, sameynta filim, sugidda, nuugista, jelling, firfircoonida dusha sare, ilaalinta qoyaanka iyo ilaalinta colloid. Sababtoo ah shaqada firfircoon ee dusha sare ee xalka biyaha, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiil ilaalin colloidal ah, emulsifier iyo kala firdhiye. Xalka biyaha ee Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose wuxuu leeyahay hydrophilicity wanaagsan waana wakiil haynta biyaha oo hufan. Sababtoo ah hydroxyethyl methylcellulose wuxuu ka kooban yahay kooxo hydroxyethyl ah, wuxuu leeyahay awood wanaagsan oo ka hortagga caariyaysi, xasillooni dheellitir wanaagsan iyo iska caabin caariyaysi inta lagu jiro kaydinta muddada dheer.
Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) waxaa lagu diyaariyaa iyadoo la gelinayo walxaha ethylene oxide (MS 0.3~0.4) methylcellulose (MC), iska caabbinta milixduna way ka fiican tahay tan polymers-ka aan wax laga beddelin. Heerkulka jelitaanka ee methylcellulose sidoo kale wuu ka sarreeyaa kan MC.
Qaab-dhismeedka
Muuqaalka
Astaamaha ugu muhiimsan ee hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) waa:
1. Milmida: Ku milmida biyaha iyo qaar ka mid ah dareerayaasha dabiiciga ah. HEMC waxaa lagu milmi karaa biyo qabow. Xoogga ugu badan waxaa lagu go'aamiyaa oo keliya viscosity. Milmida way kala duwan tahay viscosity-ga. Inta uu hooseeyo viscosity-ga, ayaa milmida sii weynaanaysa.
2. Iska caabbinta milixda: Badeecadaha HEMC waa kuwa aan ionic ahayn ee cellulose ethers mana aha polyelectrolytes, sidaa darteed waxay ku xasilan yihiin xalalka biyaha marka ay jiraan milixda birta ama elektrolytyada dabiiciga ah, laakiin ku darista xad-dhaafka ah ee elektrolytyada waxay sababi kartaa jelitaanka iyo roobka.
3. Dhaqdhaqaaqa dusha sare: Sababtoo ah shaqada firfircoon ee dusha sare ee xalka biyaha, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiil ilaalin kolloid ah, emulsifier iyo kala firdhiye.
4. Jel kuleyl: Marka xalka biyaha ee alaabta HEMC lagu kululeeyo heerkul gaar ah, wuxuu noqdaa mid aan caddayn, jel, iyo daadad, laakiin marka si joogto ah loo qaboojiyo, wuxuu ku noqdaa xaaladdii xalka asalka ahayd, heerkulka uu jel-kan iyo roobabku ka dhacaanna wuxuu inta badan ku xiran yahay saliidaha, qalabka joojinta, kolloids-ka ilaalinta, emulsifiers iwm.
5. Dabacsanaanta dheef-shiid kiimikaadka iyo ur yar iyo udgoon: HEMC si weyn ayaa loogu isticmaalaa cuntada iyo daawada sababtoo ah lama dheefshiidi doono waxayna leedahay ur yar iyo udgoon.
6. Iska caabbinta caariyaysiga: HEMC waxay leedahay iska caabbin caariyaysi oo wanaagsan iyo xasillooni fidsanaan wanaagsan inta lagu jiro kaydinta muddada dheer.
7. Xasiloonida PH: Dheef-shiidka xalka biyaha ee alaabada HEMC si dhib yar ayay u saameeyaan aashitada ama alkali, qiimaha pH-kuna waa mid deggan inta u dhaxaysa 3.0 ilaa 11.0.
Codsiga
Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiil ilaalin colloidal ah, emulsifier iyo firdhiye sababtoo ah shaqadiisa dusha sare ee firfircoon ee xalka biyaha. Tusaalooyinka isticmaalka waa kuwan soo socda:
1. Saamaynta hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ay ku leedahay waxqabadka sibidhka. Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose waa budo cad oo aan ur lahayn, dhadhan lahayn, aan sun ahayn oo lagu milmi karo biyo qabow si loo sameeyo xal hufan oo fiiqan. Waxay leedahay astaamaha dhumucda, xidhitaanka, kala firdhinta, emulsifying, sameynta filimada, joojinta, nuugista, jelling, firfircoonida dusha sare, ilaalinta qoyaanka iyo ilaalinta colloid. Maadaama xalka biyaha leh uu leeyahay shaqo firfircoon oo dusha sare ah, waxaa loo isticmaali karaa sidii wakiil ilaalin colloidal ah, emulsifier iyo firdhiye. Xalka biyaha ee Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose wuxuu leeyahay hydrophilicity wanaagsan waana wakiil haynta biyaha oo hufan.
2. Rinji dabacsan oo aad u dabacsan ayaa la diyaariyaa, kaas oo laga sameeyay walxaha ceeriin ee soo socda iyadoo qaybo miisaankoodu yahay: 150-200 g oo biyo ah oo la miiray; 60-70 g oo ah emulsion acrylic saafi ah; 550-650 g oo ah kaalshiyam culus; 70-90 g oo ah budada talcum; Xal biyood oo ah cellulose saldhig 30-40g; xal biyood oo lignocellulose ah 10-20g; caawinta sameynta filimka 4-6g; jeermiska dila iyo fungicides 1.5-2.5g; kala firdhiye 1.8-2.2g; wakiilka qoyaanka 1.8-2.2g; 3.5-4.5g; Ethylene glycol 9-11g; Xal biyood oo hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ah waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo lagu milmo 2-4% hydroxyethyl methylcellulose biyo; Xal biyood oo lignocellulose ah waxaa laga sameeyaa 1-3% Lignocellulose waxaa lagu sameeyaa iyadoo lagu milmo biyo.
Diyaarinta
Habka diyaarinta hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, habkani waa in suufka la safeeyey loo isticmaalo sidii walxo ceeriin ah, ethylene oxide-na loo isticmaalo sidii wakiil etherification ah si loo diyaariyo hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose. Qaybaha miisaanka ee walxaha ceeriin ee loogu talagalay diyaarinta hydroxyethyl methylcellulose waa sidan soo socota: 700-800 qaybood oo ah isku darka toluene iyo isopropanol sida dareeraha, 30-40 qaybood oo biyo ah, 70-80 qaybood oo sodium hydroxide ah, 80-85 qaybood oo suuf la safeeyey ah, giraan 20-28 qaybood oo oxy ethane ah, 80-90 qaybood oo methyl chloride ah, 16-19 qaybood oo glacial acetic acid ah; tallaabooyinka gaarka ah waa:
Tallaabada ugu horreysa, ku dar isku darka toluene iyo isopropanol, biyo, iyo sodium hydroxide, ku kululee ilaa 60-80 ° C, diirimaadka ku hay 20-40 daqiiqo;
Tallaabada labaad, alkalization: qabooji walxaha kor ku xusan ilaa 30-50°C, ku dar suuf la safeeyey, ku buufi dareeraha isku darka toluene iyo isopropanol, faakiyuum geli ilaa 0.006Mpa, buuxi nitrogen 3 beddel, oo samee ka dib marka la beddelo Alkalinization, xaaladaha alkalization waa: waqtiga alkalization waa 2 saacadood, heerkulka alkalization-kuna waa 30°C ilaa 50°C;
Tallaabada saddexaad, etherification: ka dib marka alkalization-ka la dhammeeyo, fal-galiyaha waxaa loo daadgureeyaa 0.05-0.07MPa, waxaana lagu daraa ethylene oxide iyo methyl chloride 30-50 daqiiqo; marxaladda koowaad ee etherification: 40-60°C, 1.0-2.0 Saacadaha, cadaadiska waxaa la xakameeyaa inta u dhaxaysa 0.15 iyo 0.3Mpa; marxaladda labaad ee etherification: 60~90℃, 2.0~2.5 saacadood, cadaadiska waxaa la xakameeyaa inta u dhaxaysa 0.4 iyo 0.8Mpa;
Tallaabada afraad, dhexdhexaadin: ku dar asiidhka glacial acetic acid ee la cabbiray kahor intaad ku shubto biyaha roobka, ku cadaadi walaxda la etherified si loo dhexdhexaadiyo, heerkulka kor u qaad ilaa 75-80°C si aad u hesho roob, heerkulku wuxuu kor u kacaa 102°C, qiimaha pH-na waxaa la ogaadaa inuu yahay 6 Saacadda 8-da, furfuridda biyaha waa la dhammeeyaa; taangigga furfuridda biyaha waxaa lagu buuxiyaa biyo qasab ah oo lagu daweeyay qalab osmosis ah oo rogan ah 90°C ilaa 100°C;
Tallaabada shanaad, dhaqidda centrifugal: walaxda ku jirta tallaabada afraad waxaa lagu dhex mariyaa centrifuge boolal ah oo toosan, walaxda la kala saarayna waxaa loo gudbiyaa haan lagu dhaqo oo lagu shubay biyo kulul ka hor si loogu dhaqo walaxda;
Tallaabada lixaad, qalajinta centrifugal: walaxda la dhaqay waxaa lagu shubaa qalajiyaha iyada oo loo marayo centrifuge boolal ah oo toosan, walaxdana waxaa lagu qalajiyaa heerkul ah 150-170°C, walaxda la qalajiyeyna waa la burburiyaa oo la baakadeeyaa.
Marka la barbardhigo tiknoolajiyada wax soo saarka ee cellulose ether ee hadda jirta, ikhtiraacida hadda jirta waxay isticmaashaa ethylene oxide oo ah wakiil etherification ah si loo diyaariyo hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, kaas oo leh iska caabin wanaagsan oo caariyaysi ah sababtoo ah waxaa ku jira kooxaha hydroxyethyl. Waxay leedahay xasillooni wanaagsan oo dheellitiran iyo iska caabin caariyaysi ah inta lagu jiro kaydinta muddada dheer. Waxaa loo isticmaali karaa beddelkeeda ethers cellulose kale.
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-25-2024