Papamuri me te Tirohanga Whānui
He rauemi matū pai rawa atu te cellulose ether, he mea hanga mai i te polymer cellulose tūturu mā te maimoatanga matū. Whai muri i te hanganga o te cellulose nitrate me te cellulose acetate i te rautau 19, kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kaimātai matū he raupapa o ngā hua cellulose mai i te maha o ngā cellulose ether, ā, kua kitea tonutia ngā mara tono hou, e uru ana ki te maha o ngā rāngai ahumahi. Ko ngā hua cellulose ether pērā i te konutaite carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), te etiloselulosa (EC), te hauwaitoiretira o te pūtau (HEC), te hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), te methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC)mete methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose (MHPC)me ētahi atu etera cellulose e mōhiotia ana ko te "monosodium glutamate ahumahi" ā, kua whakamahia whānuitia i roto i te keri hinu, te hanga whare, ngā paninga, te kai, te rongoā me ngā matū o ia rā.
Ko te Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (MHPC) he paura ma, kāore he kakara, kāore he reka, kāore he paitini, ka taea te whakarewa ki te wai matao hei hanga i tētahi otinga matotoru mārama. He āhuatanga ōna o te whakamātotoru, te here, te horapa, te whakaemulsifying, te hanga kiriata, te whakatārewatanga, te mimiti, te whakapūmau, te whakakaha mata, te pupuri i te makuku me te tiaki i te colloid. Nā te mahi kaha o te wairewa wai, ka taea te whakamahi hei kaihoko tiaki colloidal, hei emulsifier me te dispersant. He pai te hydrophilicity o te wairewa wai Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, ā, he kaihoko pupuri wai whai hua. Nā te mea kei roto i te hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ngā rōpū hydroxyethyl, he pai tōna kaha ki te ārai i te harore, he pai te pumau o te matotoru me te ātete ki te harore i te wā e rongoa ana mō te wā roa.
Ka whakaritea te Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) mā te whakauru i ngā whakakapinga ethylene oxide (MS 0.3~0.4) ki roto i te methylcellulose (MC), ā, he pai ake tōna ātete ki te tote i ērā o ngā polymer kāore i whakarerekētia. He teitei ake hoki te pāmahana whakapūkara o te methylcellulose i ērā o te MC.
Hanganga
Āhuatanga
Ko ngā āhuatanga matua o te hydroxyethyl methylcellulose (HEMC) ko:
1. Wairewatanga: Ka wairewa ki te wai me ētahi whakarewa waro. Ka taea te wairewa i te HEMC ki te wai matao. Ko tōna kukū teitei ka whakatauhia anake e te matotoru. Ka rerekē te wairewatanga i runga i te matotoru. Ko te iti o te matotoru, ko te nui ake o te wairewatanga.
2. Ātete tote: Ko ngā hua HEMC he ether cellulose kore-ionic, ehara i te polyelectrolytes, nō reira he pumau tonu i roto i ngā wairewa wai ina he tote whakarewa, he electrolytes waro rānei, engari ko te tāpiri nui o ngā electrolytes ka puta te waikura me te maturuturu.
3. Te ngohe o te mata: Nā te mahi kaha o te mata o te wairewa, ka taea te whakamahi hei kaihoko tiaki colloidal, hei emulsifier me hei dispersant.
4. Heri wera: Ina whakamahanatia te wairewa o ngā hua HEMC ki tētahi pāmahana, ka pōuriuri, ka kirikiri, ka puta he wairewa, engari ina whakamatao tonutia, ka hoki ki te āhua wairewa taketake, ā, ko te pāmahana e puta ai tēnei heri me te ua ka whakawhirinaki ki ngā hinu whakahinuhinu, ngā āwhina whakatārewatanga, ngā colloid tiaki, ngā emulsifier me ētahi atu.
5. Te koretake o te pākia o te tinana, te iti o te kakara me te haunga: He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te HEMC i roto i te kai me te rongoā nā te mea kāore e taea te pākia, ā, he iti hoki te kakara me te haunga.
6. Ātete ki te harore: He pai te ātete o te HEMC ki te harore, ā, he pai te pumau o te matotoru i te wā e rokirokihia ana mō te wā roa.
7. Te pumau o te PH: Kāore te waikawa, te kawakore rānei e pāngia e te matotoru o te wairewa o ngā hua HEMC, ā, he pumau te uara pH i waenga i te 3.0 ki te 11.0.
Tono
Ka taea te whakamahi i te Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose hei kaihopu tiaki colloidal, hei emulsifier me hei dispersant nā te mea he mahi mata-kaha i roto i te wai. Ko ngā tauira tono e whai ake nei:
1. Te pānga o te hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ki te mahi a te sima. Ko te Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose he paura ma, kāore he kakara, kāore he reka, kāore he paitini, ka taea te whakarewa ki te wai matao hei hanga i tētahi otinga matotoru mārama. He āhuatanga ōna o te whakamātotoru, te here, te horapa, te whakaemulsifying, te hanga kiriata, te whakatārewatanga, te mimiti, te whakapūmau, te whakakaha mata, te pupuri i te makuku me te tiaki i te colloid. Nā te mea he mahi kaha mata te otinga wai, ka taea te whakamahi hei kaihoko tiaki colloidal, hei emulsifier me te dispersant. He pai te hydrophilicity o te otinga wai Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, ā, he kaihoko pupuri wai whai hua.
2. Ka whakaritea he peita whakakoi tino ngāwari, he mea hanga mai i ēnei rauemi mata e whai ake nei i ngā wāhanga taumaha: 150-200 karamu o te wai whakakore iona; 60-70 karamu o te wai whakakoi kiriaku parakore; 550-650 karamu o te konupūmā taumaha; 70-90 karamu o te paura tāruku; Wairewa wai cellulose turanga 30-40 karamu; Wairewa wai lignocellulose 10-20 karamu; Āwhina hanga kiriata 4-6 karamu; Paturopi me te patu harore 1.5-2.5 karamu; Kaiwhakamakuku 1.8-2.2 karamu; 3.5-4.5 karamu; Ethylene glycol 9-11 karamu; Ka hangaia te wairewa wai hydroxyethyl methylcellulose mā te whakarewa i te 2-4% hydroxyethyl methylcellulose ki te wai; Ka hangaia te wairewa wai lignocellulose ki te 1-3 % Ka hangaia te lignocellulose mā te whakarewa i te wai.
Te whakarite
He tikanga whakarite mō te hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, ko te tikanga he whakamahi i te miro kua whakapaia hei rauemi mata, ā, ko te ethylene oxide hei kaihoko etherification hei whakarite i te hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose. Ko ngā taumaha o ngā rauemi mata hei whakarite i te hydroxyethyl methylcellulose e whai ake nei: 700-800 wāhanga o te ranunga toluene me te isopropanol hei whakarewa, 30-40 wāhanga o te wai, 70-80 wāhanga o te konutai hauwai, 80-85 wāhanga o te miro kua whakapaia, mowhiti 20-28 wāhanga o te oxy ethane, 80-90 wāhanga o te methyl chloride, 16-19 wāhanga o te waikawa acetic glacial; ko ngā mahi motuhake ko:
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi, ki roto i te kettle tauhohenga, tāpirihia te ranunga toluene me te isopropanol, te wai, me te konutai hauwai, whakamahanahia ki te 60-80 ° C, kia mahana mō te 20-40 meneti;
Ko te taahiraa tuarua, te whakahāngai: whakamataohia ngā rauemi o runga ake nei ki te 30-50°C, tāpirihia te miro kua parakore, rehuhia te whakarewa ranunga toluene me te isopropanol, whakawāteahia ki te 0.006Mpa, whakakīia te hauota mō te 3 whakakapinga, ā, i muri i te whakakapinga o te whakahāngai, ko ngā tikanga whakahāngai: ko te wā whakahāngai he 2 hāora, ā, ko te pāmahana whakahāngai he 30°C ki te 50°C;
Ko te tuatoru o ngā taahiraa, te whakaetere: i muri i te otinga o te whakapūkara, ka whakawāteahia te tauhohenga ki te 0.05-0.07MPa, ā, ka tāpirihia te waikura ethylene me te methyl chloride mō te 30-50 meneti; ko te wāhanga tuatahi o te whakaetere: 40-60°C, 1.0-2.0 Hāora, ka whakahaeretia te pēhanga i waenga i te 0.15 me te 0.3Mpa; ko te wāhanga tuarua o te whakaetere: 60～90℃, 2.0～2.5 hāora, ka whakahaeretia te pēhanga i waenga i te 0.4 me te 0.8Mpa;
Ko te taahiraa tuawhā, te whakakorenga: tāpirihia te waikawa acetic hukapapa i inehia i mua ki te ipu whakahekenga, pēhia ki roto i te rauemi etherified hei whakakorenga, whakaarahia te pāmahana ki te 75-80°C mō te whakahekenga, ka piki te pāmahana ki te 102°C, ā, ka kitea te uara pH he 6. I te 8 karaka, ka oti te whakakorenga; ka whakakiia te tāke whakakorenga ki te wai tap i rongoatia e te taputapu osmosis whakamuri i te 90°C ki te 100°C;
Ko te taahiraa tuarima, te horoinga ā-pūwero: i te taahiraa tuawhā ka pūwerohia te rauemi mā te pūwero tīwiri whakapae, ā, ka whakawhitia te rauemi kua wehea ki tētahi tāke horoi kua kī tonu i te wai wera hei horoi i te rauemi;
Ko te taahiraa tuaono, te whakamaroke ā-pūwero: ka haria te rauemi kua horoia ki roto i te whakamaroke mā te pūwero tīwiri whakapae, ā, ka whakamarokehia te rauemi i te 150-170°C, kātahi ka kuruhia te rauemi maroke, ka tākaihia.
Ki te whakatauritea ki te hangarau whakaputa cellulose ether o nāianei, ka whakamahia e tēnei mea hou te ethylene oxide hei kaihoko etherification hei whakarite i te hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, he ātete pai ki te harore nā te mea kei roto ngā rōpū hydroxyethyl. He pai te pumau o te matotoru me te ātete ki te harore i te wā rokiroki roa. Ka taea te whakamahi hei whakakapi i ētahi atu cellulose ethers.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-25-2024