Cellulose ether ni polymer ikoze mu buryo bwa sillulose karemano binyuze mu guhindura shimi. Cellulose ether ni ikintu gikomoka kuri cellulose karemano. Ikorwa rya cellulose ether ritandukanye na polymer zikoze mu buryo bwa sillulose. Ibikoresho byayo by'ibanze ni cellulose, imvange ya polymer karemano. Bitewe n'imiterere ya cellulose karemano, cellulose ubwayo ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo gukorana n'ibintu bihindura ether. Ariko, nyuma yo kuvurwa n'ikintu kibyimba, imigozi ikomeye ya hydrogen hagati y'iminyururu ya molekile n'iminyururu irasenyuka, kandi irekurwa ry'itsinda rya hydroxyl rihinduka cellulose ya alkali ikora. Kubona cellulose ether.
Mu ibumba ry’imvange ry’imvange, ingano y’inyongera ya eteri ya selulosi ni nto cyane, ariko ishobora kunoza cyane imikorere ya sima itose, kandi ni inyongera nyamukuru igira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ibumba ry’imvange. Guhitamo neza eteri za selulosi z’ubwoko butandukanye, ubukana butandukanye, ingano zitandukanye z’uduce, ingano zitandukanye z’ubukana n’ingano y’inyongera bizagira ingaruka nziza ku kunoza imikorere ya sima y’ifu yumye. Muri iki gihe, sima nyinshi z’amabuye n’izisimwa zifite imikorere mibi yo kubika amazi, kandi amazi azatandukana nyuma y’iminota mike ahagaze.
Kubika amazi ni ingenzi cyane kuri eteri ya methyl cellulose, kandi ni imikorere abakora moteri nyinshi zo mu ngo zivanze n’amazi, cyane cyane izo mu turere two mu majyepfo dufite ubushyuhe bwinshi, bitaho. Ibintu bigira ingaruka ku kubikwa kw’amazi kwa moteri zivanze n’amazi birimo ingano ya MC yongewemo, ubukana bwa MC, ubuto bw’uduce duto n’ubushyuhe bw’aho ikoreshwa.
Imiterere ya ether za selulosi iterwa n'ubwoko, umubare n'uburyo ibintu bisimburana bikwirakwira. Uburyo ether za selulosi zishyirwa mu byiciro bushingiye kandi ku bwoko bw'ibintu bisimburana, urwego rwa ether, gushonga n'imiterere bifitanye isano. Dukurikije ubwoko bw'ibintu bisimburana ku ruhererekane rwa molekile, bishobora kugabanywamo monoether na ether ivanze. MC dusanzwe dukoresha ni monoether, naho HPMC ni ether ivanze. Methyl cellulose ether MC ni umusaruro nyuma y'uko itsinda rya hydroxyl riri ku gice cya glucose cya cellulose karemano risimbuwe na methoxy. Formula y'imiterere ni [COH7O2 (OH)3-h (OCH3)h ]x. Igice cy'itsinda rya hydroxyl kuri icyo gice gisimburwa n'itsinda rya methoxy, ikindi gice kigasimburwa n'itsinda rya hydroxypropyl, formula y'imiterere ni [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3] n]x Ethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, izi ni zo mbuto z'ingenzi zikoreshwa cyane kandi zigurishwa ku isoko.
Ku bijyanye n'uburyo ishonga ishobora gushonga, ishobora kugabanywamo ionic na non-ionic. I-ether za cellulose zidafite ionic zishonga mu mazi zigizwe ahanini n'uruhererekane rubiri rwa alkyl ethers na hydroxyalkyl ethers. Ionic CMC ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu isabune y'ubukorikori, gucapa no gusiga amarangi mu myenda, gushakisha ibiryo n'amavuta. I-MC zidafite ionic, HPMC, HEMC, n'izindi zikoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi, gusiga latex, imiti, imiti ya buri munsi, n'ibindi. Ikoreshwa nk'ingufu, ifata amazi, itera imbaraga, igabanya ubushyuhe n'itera firime.
Kubika amazi muri eteri ya selulosi: Mu gukora ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, cyane cyane ifu yumye, eteri ya selulosi ifite uruhare rudasimburwa, cyane cyane mu gukora imashini yihariye (imashini yahinduwe), ni igice cy'ingenzi kandi cy'ingenzi. Uruhare rw'ingenzi rwa eteri ya selulosi ishongera amazi muri seritingi ahanini rufite ibice bitatu:
1. Ubushobozi bwiza bwo kubika amazi
2. Ingaruka ku buryo ibintu bihinduka mu buryo bwa morti na thixotropy
3. Gukorana na sima.
Ingaruka zo kubika amazi za eteri ya selulose ziterwa n'uburyo amazi yinjiye mu gice cy'ibanze, imiterere ya seritiro, ubunini bw'igice cy'ibumba, ubwinshi bw'amazi akenewe muri seritiro, n'igihe ibikoresho bishyirwa. Kubika amazi kwa eteri ya selulose ubwayo bituruka ku gushonga no kubura amazi kwa eteri ya selulose ubwayo. Nkuko twese tubizi, nubwo uruhererekane rwa molekile ya selulose rufite umubare munini w'amatsinda ya OH ashobora gutonyanga cyane, ntabwo rushongera mu mazi, kuko imiterere ya selulose ifite urugero rwo hejuru rwa kristali. Ubushobozi bwo gutonyanga bw'amatsinda ya hydroxyl yonyine ntibuhagije kugira ngo butwikire imigozi ikomeye ya hydrogen n'imbaraga za van der Waals hagati ya molekile. Kubwibyo, irabyimba gusa ariko ntishonga mu mazi. Iyo ikintu kiyinjizwa mu ruhererekane rwa molekile, si ikintu kiyinjizwa gusa cyangiza uruhererekane rwa hydrogen, ahubwo n'umugozi wa hydrogen uhuza imigozi urasenyuka bitewe no guhuza kwa eteri hagati y'imigozi yegeranye. Uko ikintu kiyinjizwa ari kinini, ni ko intera iri hagati ya molekile iba nini. Uko intera iba nini. Uko ingaruka zo gusenya imigozi ya hydrogen ziba nyinshi, eteri ya cellulose iba ishongesha mu mazi nyuma y’uko lattice ya cellulose yagutse kandi umuti winjira, bigakora umuti ufite ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyo ubushyuhe buzamutse, amazi ya polymer aragabanuka, maze amazi ari hagati y’imigozi agasohoka. Iyo ingaruka zo kubura amazi zihagije, molekile zitangira kwishyira hamwe, zigakora gel y’imiterere y’urusobe rw’ibice bitatu hanyuma zigasohoka.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-06-2022