Methylcellulose (MC) ndi carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) ndi zinthu ziwiri zodziwika bwino zochokera ku cellulose, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chakudya, mankhwala, zomangamanga, makampani opanga mankhwala ndi madera ena. Ngakhale kuti zonse zimasinthidwa ndi mankhwala kuchokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe, pali kusiyana kwakukulu pa kapangidwe ka mankhwala, mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, komanso momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito.
1. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala ndi njira yokonzekera
Methylcellulose imapangidwa pophatikizana ndi cellulose ndi methyl chloride (kapena methanol) pansi pa alkaline. Panthawiyi, gawo la magulu a hydroxyl (-OH) m'mamolekyu a cellulose limasinthidwa ndi magulu a methoxy (-OCH₃) kuti apange methylcellulose. Mlingo wa kusintha (DS, chiwerengero cha zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwa shuga pa unit iliyonse) wa methylcellulose umatsimikizira momwe imagwirira ntchito komanso mankhwala, monga kusungunuka ndi kukhuthala.
Carboxymethylcellulose imapangidwa pochita cellulose ndi chloroacetic acid pansi pa alkaline, ndipo gulu la hydroxyl limalowedwa m'malo ndi carboxymethyl (-CH₂COOH). Mlingo wa kusintha ndi digiri ya polymerization (DP) ya CMC zimakhudza kusungunuka kwake ndi kukhuthala kwake m'madzi. CMC nthawi zambiri imakhalapo mu mawonekedwe a mchere wa sodium, wotchedwa sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC).
2. Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi mankhwala
Kusungunuka: Methylcellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, koma imataya kusungunuka ndikupanga gel m'madzi otentha. Kusinthika kwa kutentha kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chokhuthala komanso chothandizira kupanga ma gelling mu kukonza chakudya. CMC imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira komanso otentha, koma kukhuthala kwa yankho lake kumachepa pamene kutentha kukukwera.
Kukhuthala: Kukhuthala kwa zonsezi kumakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha ndi kuchuluka kwa yankho. Kukhuthala kwa MC kumawonjezeka poyamba kenako kumachepa pamene kutentha kukukwera, pomwe kukhuthala kwa CMC kumachepa pamene kutentha kukukwera. Izi zimawapatsa ubwino wawo m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.
Kukhazikika kwa pH: CMC imakhalabe yokhazikika pamlingo wosiyanasiyana wa pH, makamaka pakakhala zinthu zamchere, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yotchuka kwambiri ngati chokhazikika komanso chokhuthala muzakudya ndi mankhwala. MC imakhala yokhazikika pakakhala zinthu zamchere komanso zopanda mchere pang'ono, koma imawonongeka mu asidi amphamvu kapena alkali.
3. Madera ogwiritsira ntchito
Makampani Ogulitsa Chakudya: Methylcellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chakudya ngati chokhuthala, chosakaniza ndi chokhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, imatha kutsanzira kukoma ndi kapangidwe ka mafuta popanga zakudya zopanda mafuta ambiri. Carboxymethylcellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zakumwa, zophikidwa ndi mkaka monga chokhuthala ndi chokhazikika kuti madzi asamalekanitsidwe ndikuwonjezera kukoma.
Makampani Opanga Mankhwala: Methylcellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapiritsi a mankhwala ngati chomangira ndi chochotsa poizoni, komanso ngati mafuta odzola komanso choteteza, monga momwe zimakhalira ndi madontho a maso ngati cholowa m'malo mwa misozi. CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zamankhwala chifukwa cha kugwirizana kwake bwino, monga kukonzekera mankhwala otulutsa nthawi zonse ndi zomatira m'madontho a maso.
Makampani Omanga ndi Mankhwala: MC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zipangizo zomangira ngati chokhuthala, chosungira madzi komanso chomatira cha simenti ndi gypsum. Ikhoza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga ndi ubwino wa pamwamba pa zipangizo. CMC nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza matope m'migodi yamafuta, matope posindikiza ndi kuyika utoto pa nsalu, kuphimba pamwamba pa pepala, ndi zina zotero.
4. Chitetezo ndi kuteteza chilengedwe
Zonsezi zimaonedwa kuti ndi zotetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazakudya ndi mankhwala, koma magwero awo ndi njira zopangira zitha kukhala ndi zotsatira zosiyana pa chilengedwe. Zipangizo zopangira za MC ndi CMC zimachokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe ndipo zimatha kuwola, kotero zimagwira ntchito bwino pankhani ya chilengedwe. Komabe, njira zopangira zawo zitha kukhala ndi mankhwala osungunulira ndi ma reagents, omwe angakhudze chilengedwe.
5. Mtengo ndi kufunikira kwa msika
Chifukwa cha njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira, mtengo wopangira methylcellulose nthawi zambiri umakhala wokwera, kotero mtengo wake pamsika nawonso ndi wokwera kuposa carboxymethylcellulose. CMC nthawi zambiri imafuna kwambiri msika chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu komanso ndalama zochepa zopangira.
Ngakhale kuti methylcellulose ndi carboxymethylcellulose zonse ndi zochokera ku cellulose, zili ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pa kapangidwe kake, makhalidwe ake, ntchito zake komanso kufunika kwa msika. Methylcellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo azakudya, mankhwala ndi zomangamanga chifukwa cha kuthekera kwake kosintha kutentha komanso kuwongolera kukhuthala kwakukulu. Carboxymethyl cellulose yagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale azakudya, mankhwala, petrochemical, nsalu ndi mafakitale ena chifukwa cha kusungunuka kwake bwino, kusintha kukhuthala komanso kusinthasintha kwa pH. Kusankha kwa zochokera ku cellulose kumadalira momwe ntchitoyo imagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso zosowa zake.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-20-2024