1. I-Methylcellulose (MC)
Ngemva kokuba ukotini ocoliwe uphathwe nge-alkali, i-cellulose ether ikhiqizwa ngochungechunge lwezimpendulo nge-methane chloride njenge-etherification agent. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushintsha liyi-1.6 ~ 2.0, kanti ukuncibilika nakho kuhlukile ngamazinga ahlukene okushintsha. Kungokwe-non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) I-Methylcellulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, futhi kuzoba nzima ukuyincibilika emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu ebangeni le-pH=3~12. Ihambisana kahle nesitashi, i-guar gum, njll. kanye nama-surfactants amaningi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela izinga lokushisa le-gelation, kwenzeka i-gelation.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuncike enanini layo lokwengeza, i-viscosity, ubuncane bezinhlayiya kanye nezinga lokuncibilika. Ngokuvamile, uma inani lokwengeza likhulu, ubuncane buncane, kanti i-viscosity inkulu, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, inani lokwengeza linomthelela omkhulu kakhulu esilinganisweni sokugcinwa kwamanzi, futhi izinga le-viscosity alilingani ngqo nezinga lezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi. Izinga lokuncibilika lincike kakhulu ezingeni lokuguqulwa kobuso bezinhlayiya ze-cellulose kanye nobuncane bezinhlayiya. Phakathi kwama-ether e-cellulose angenhla, i-methyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zinamazinga aphezulu okugcinwa kwamanzi.
(3) Izinguquko ekushiseni zizothinta kakhulu izinga lokugcina amanzi le-methyl cellulose. Ngokuvamile, uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, kuba kubi kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Uma izinga lokushisa le-mortar lidlula ama-40°C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, okuzothinta kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwe-mortar.
(4) I-Methyl cellulose inomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni nasekunamatheleni kwe-mortar. “Ukunamathela” lapha kubhekisela emandleni okunamathela azwakala phakathi kwethuluzi lokufaka isicelo somsebenzi kanye ne-substrate yodonga, okungukuthi, ukumelana nokusika kwe-mortar. Ukunamathela kuphakeme, ukumelana nokusika kwe-mortar kukhulu, futhi amandla adingekayo yizisebenzi enkambisweni yokusebenzisa nawo makhulu, futhi ukusebenza kokwakha kwe-mortar kuphansi. Ukunamathela kwe-Methyl cellulose kusezingeni eliphakathi emikhiqizweni ye-cellulose ether.
2. I-Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose uhlobo lwe-cellulose olukhiqizayo futhi olusetshenziswayo luye lwanda ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva nje. Luyi-ether exubile ye-cellulose engeyona i-ionic eyenziwe ngokotini ocolisisiwe ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-propylene oxide kanye ne-methyl chloride njenge-etherification, ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezimpendulo. Izinga lokushintshana ngokuvamile lingu-1.2 ~ 2.0. Izakhiwo zalo zihlukile ngenxa yezilinganiso ezahlukene zokuqukethwe kwe-methoxyl kanye nokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl.
(1) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose incibilika kalula emanzini abandayo, futhi izobhekana nobunzima ekuncibilikeni emanzini ashisayo. Kodwa izinga lokushisa layo le-gelation emanzini ashisayo liphakeme kakhulu kunele-methyl cellulose. Ukuncibilika emanzini abandayo nakho kuthuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-methyl cellulose.
(2) Ukuqina kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuhlobene nesisindo sayo sama-molecule, futhi uma isisindo sama-molecule sikhulu, kulapho ukuqina kwe-viscosity kuphakama khona. Izinga lokushisa lithinta nokuqina kwayo, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukuqina kwe-viscosity kwehla. Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kwayo okuphezulu kunomphumela wokushisa ophansi kune-methyl cellulose. Isixazululo sayo sizinzile uma sigcinwe ekushiseni kwegumbi.
(3) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuncike enanini layo lokwengeza, i-viscosity, njll., futhi izinga layo lokugcinwa kwamanzi ngaphansi kwenani elifanayo lokwengeza liphakeme kunele-methyl cellulose.
(4) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile ku-asidi kanye ne-alkali, futhi isixazululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu ku-pH=2~12. I-Caustic soda kanye namanzi e-lime awanawo umthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa i-alkali ingasheshisa ukuncibilika kwayo futhi yandise i-viscosity yayo. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile ku-viscosity evamile, kodwa lapho ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo sikasawoti kuphezulu, i-viscosity yesisombululo se-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ivame ukwanda.
(5) I-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ingaxutshwa nama-polymer compounds ancibilika emanzini ukuze kwakheke isixazululo esifanayo nesinobuthi obuphezulu. Njenge-polyvinyl alcohol, i-starch ether, i-vegetable gum, njll.
(6) I-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inokumelana okungcono kwama-enzyme kune-methylcellulose, futhi isixazululo sayo cishe asikwazi ukuwohloka ngama-enzyme kune-methylcellulose. Ukunamathela kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ekwakhiweni kwe-mortar kuphakeme kunokwe-methylcellulose.
3. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Yenziwe ngokotini ocoliwe ophathwe nge-alkali, futhi ixutshwe ne-ethylene oxide njenge-etherification agent lapho kukhona i-acetone. Izinga lokushintshana ngokuvamile lingu-1.5 ~ 2.0. Inamandla okushintsha amanzi futhi kulula ukuyimunca umswakama.
(1) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyincibilika emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo sayo sizinzile ekushiseni okuphezulu ngaphandle kokufaka i-gelling. Ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu ku-mortar, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphansi kune-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose izinzile ku-asidi ejwayelekile kanye ne-alkali. I-Alkali ingasheshisa ukuncibilika kwayo futhi ikhuphule kancane i-viscosity yayo. Ukuhlakazeka kwayo emanzini kubi kancane kunokwe-methyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose inamandla amahle okulwa nokuwohloka kwe-mortar, kodwa inesikhathi eside sokulibazisa i-samente.
(4) Ukusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose ekhiqizwa amanye amabhizinisi asekhaya kusobala ukuthi kuphansi kunokwe-methyl cellulose ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwamanzi amaningi kanye nokuqukethwe komlotha okuphezulu.
4. I-Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
I-ether ye-cellulose ye-Ionic yenziwe ngemicu yemvelo (ukotini, njll.) ephathwa nge-alkali futhi isetshenziswa njenge-etherification agent ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezindlela zokwelapha zokusabela. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile lingu-0.4 ~ 1.4, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu yizinga lokushintsha.
(1) I-carboxymethyl cellulose i-hygroscopic kakhulu, futhi izoqukatha amanzi amaningi uma igcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
(2) Isixazululo samanzi se-carboxymethyl cellulose ngeke sikhiqize ijeli, futhi i-viscosity izoncipha uma izinga lokushisa likhuphuka. Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula ama-50°C, i-viscosity ayinakuguqulwa.
(3) Ukuqina kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu yi-pH. Ngokuvamile, ingasetshenziswa ku-mortar esekelwe ku-gypsum, kodwa hhayi ku-mortar esekelwe kusimende. Uma i-alkaline kakhulu, ilahlekelwa yi-viscosity.
(4) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphansi kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose. Inomphumela wokulibazisa ku-mortar esekelwe ku-gypsum futhi inciphisa amandla ayo. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-carboxymethyl cellulose iphansi kakhulu kuneye-methyl cellulose.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-10-2023