1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Nyuma y'uko ipamba itunganyijwe ivuwe na alkali, eteri ya selulose ikorwa binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwo gukora hamwe na methane chloride nk'ikintu gitanga eteri. Muri rusange, urwego rwo gusimbuza ni 1.6 ~ 2.0, kandi gushonga nabyo biratandukanye iyo ugereranyije n'urwego rwo gusimbuza. Ni iya eteri ya selulose itari ioni.
(1) Methylcellulose irashongesha mu mazi akonje, kandi bizagorana kuyishongesha mu mazi ashyushye. Umuti wayo w'amazi uhoraho cyane mu gipimo cya pH = 3 ~ 12. Ikorana neza na sitashi, guar gum, nibindi nibindi byinshi bya surfactants. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze ku bushyuhe bwa gelation, gelation iba ihari.
(2) Uburyo methyl cellulose igumana amazi biterwa n'ingano yayo, ubukana, ubukana bw'uduce duto n'umuvuduko wo gushonga. Muri rusange, niba ingano yo kongeramo ari nini, ubukana ni buto, kandi ubukana ni bwinshi, umuvuduko wo gufata amazi ni munini. Muri byo, ingano yo kongeramo igira ingaruka nini ku muvuduko wo gufata amazi, kandi urwego rw'ubukana ntabwo rujyanye neza n'urwego rw'umuvuduko wo gufata amazi. Umuvuduko wo gushonga uterwa ahanini n'urugero rw'impinduka z'ubuso bw'uduce twa cellulose n'ubukana bw'uduce duto. Muri ether za cellulose zavuzwe haruguru, methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose bifite umuvuduko wo gufata amazi mwinshi.
(3) Impinduka mu bushyuhe zigira ingaruka zikomeye ku muvuduko wo kubika amazi muri selulosi ya methyl. Muri rusange, uko ubushyuhe burushaho kuba bwinshi, ni ko kubika amazi birushaho kuba bibi. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa selulosi burenze dogere selisiyusi 40, kubika amazi muri selulosi ya methyl bizagabanuka cyane, bikagira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwubatsi bwa selulosi.
(4) Selulosi ya Methyl igira ingaruka zikomeye ku iyubakwa n'ifatana rya sima. "Gufatana" hano bivuga imbaraga zo gufatana hagati y'igikoresho cy'umukozi n'igice cy'urukuta, ni ukuvuga imbaraga zo gufatana za sima. Gufatana ni byinshi, imbaraga zo gufatana za sima ni nini, kandi imbaraga zisabwa n'abakozi mu ikoreshwa nazo ni nyinshi, kandi imikorere y'ifatana rya sima ni mibi. Gufatana kwa selulosi ya Methyl kuri ku rwego rwo hagati mu bicuruzwa bya eteri ya selulosi.
2. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ni ubwoko bwa cellulose, umusaruro n'ikoreshwa byakomeje kwiyongera cyane mu myaka ya vuba aha. Ni eteri ivanze ya cellulose itari ionic ikozwe mu ipamba itunganyijwe nyuma yo kuyitunganya, hakoreshejwe propylene oxide na methyl chloride nk'ikintu gihindura ether, binyuze mu buryo butandukanye. Igipimo cyo kuyihindura muri rusange ni 1.2 ~ 2.0. Imiterere yayo iratandukanye bitewe n'ibipimo bitandukanye by'ibikubiye muri methoxyl n'ibikubiye muri hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ishongeshwa byoroshye mu mazi akonje, kandi izahura n'ingorane mu gushonga mu mazi ashyushye. Ariko ubushyuhe bwayo bwo gushonga mu mazi ashyushye buri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ubwa methyl cellulose. Gushonga mu mazi akonje nabyo birarushaho kwiyongera ugereranije na methyl cellulose.
(2) Uburemere bwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bufitanye isano n'uburemere bwayo bwa molekile, kandi uko uburemere bwa molekile burushaho kuba bwinshi, niko uburemere burushaho kuba bwinshi. Ubushyuhe nabwo bugira ingaruka ku buremere bwayo, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, uburemere bugabanuka. Ariko, uburemere bwayo bwinshi bugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe buke ugereranyije na methyl cellulose. Umuti wayo uhoraho iyo ubitswe ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba.
(3) Uburyo hydroxypropyl methylcellulose igumana amazi biterwa n'ingano yayo, ubukana bwayo, n'ibindi, kandi igipimo cyo kubika amazi munsi y'ingano imwe y'inyongera kiri hejuru y'icya methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose irahamye kuri aside na alkali, kandi umuti wayo w’amazi urahamye cyane mu rugero rwa pH = 2 ~ 12. Soda ya Caustic na lime amazi ntacyo bigira ku mikorere yayo, ariko alkali ishobora kwihutisha gushonga no kongera ubukana bwayo. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose irahamye kuri umunyu usanzwe, ariko iyo ubwinshi bw’umunyu buri hejuru, ubukana bwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bukunda kwiyongera.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ishobora kuvangwa n'ibinyabutabire bya polymer bishongeshwa n'amazi kugira ngo bikore umuti umwe kandi ufite ubukana bwinshi. Nka polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, vegetable gum, nibindi.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa enzymes kurusha methylcellulose, kandi umuti wayo ntushobora kwangirika cyane na enzymes kurusha methylcellulose. Uburyo hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ifatana n'iyubakwa rya mortier buri hejuru kurusha methylcellulose.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
Ikozwe mu ipamba itunganyijwe ivuguruwe na alkali, kandi ivanze na ethylene oxide nk'ikintu gihindura umwuka iyo hari acetone. Ubusanzwe urwego rwo kuyisimbura ni 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kunyura mu mazi kandi yoroshye kuyifata.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose irashongesha mu mazi akonje, ariko biragoye kuyishongesha mu mazi ashyushye. Umuti wayo uhoraho ku bushyuhe bwinshi nta gel ikoreshejwe. Ishobora gukoreshwa igihe kirekire ku bushyuhe bwinshi mu mashini, ariko amazi yayo ni make ugereranyije n'aya methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose irakomera kuri aside rusange na alkali. Alkali ishobora kwihutisha gushonga kwayo no kongera ubukana bwayo gato. Kudashobora gukwirakwira kwayo mu mazi ni bibi gato kurusha ibya methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya gushonga kwa mortilage, ariko sima yo iratinda cyane.
(4) Imikorere ya hydroxyethyl cellulose ikorwa na bimwe mu bigo byo mu gihugu iragaragara ko iri hasi ugereranyije n’iya methyl cellulose bitewe n’uko ifite amazi menshi n’umuvu mwinshi.
4. Selulose ya karboksimetili (CMC)
Ionic cellulose ether ikorwa mu migozi karemano (ipamba, nibindi) ivurwa na alkali kandi igakoreshwa nk'ikintu gihindura ether binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwo kuvura. Igipimo cyo gusimbuza muri rusange ni 0.4 ~ 1.4, kandi imikorere yayo igirwaho ingaruka cyane n'urwego rwo gusimbuza.
(1) Selulosi ya karboksimetili irushaho kuba hygroscopic, kandi izaba irimo amazi menshi iyo ibitswe mu buryo busanzwe.
(2) Umuti w'amazi wa carboxymethyl cellulose ntuzatanga jeli, kandi ubushyuhe buzagabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 50°C, ubushyuhe buragabanuka.
(3) Ubudahangarwa bwayo buterwa cyane na pH. Muri rusange, ishobora gukoreshwa muri morti ishingiye kuri gypsum, ariko ntikoreshwa muri morti ishingiye kuri sima. Iyo ifite alkaline nyinshi, itakaza ubukana.
(4) Amazi yayo ari hasi cyane ugereranyije n'aya selulosi ya methyl. Igira ingaruka mbi ku mashini ishingiye kuri gypsum kandi igabanya imbaraga zayo. Ariko, igiciro cya selulosi ya carboxymethyl kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n'icya selulosi ya methyl.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 10-2023