1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Kamora hore k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng e phekoloe ka alkali, ether ea cellulose e hlahisoa ka letoto la liketso tse nang le methane chloride e le moemeli oa etherification. Ka kakaretso, tekanyo ea phetolo ke 1.6 ~ 2.0, 'me ho qhibiliha ho boetse ho fapane ka maemo a fapaneng a phetolo. Ke ea ether ea cellulose e seng ea ionic.
(1) Methylcellulose e qhibiliha metsing a batang, 'me ho tla ba thata ho e qhibilihisa metsing a chesang. Tharollo ea eona ea metsi e tsitsitse haholo ka har'a pH=3~12. E lumellana hantle le starch, gum ea guar, jj. le li-surfactants tse ngata. Ha mocheso o fihla mochesong oa gelation, gelation e etsahala.
(2) Ho boloka metsi ha methyl cellulose ho itshetlehile ka bongata ba yona ba ho eketsa, ho teteana, ho teteana ha dikarolwana le sekhahla sa ho qhalana. Ka kakaretso, haeba bongata ba ho eketsa bo le boholo, ho teteana ho bo bonyenyane, mme ho teteana ho le hoholo, sekhahla sa ho teteana ha metsi se hodimo. Har'a tsona, bongata ba ho eketsa bo na le tshusumetso e kgolo ka ho fetisisa sekgahla sa ho boloka metsi, mme boemo ba ho teteana ha bo tsamaellane ka ho toba le boemo ba sekhahla sa ho teteana ha metsi. Sekgahla sa ho qhaqha se itshetlehile haholo-holo ka tekanyo ya phetoho ya bokahodimo ba dikarolwana tsa cellulose le ho teteana ha dikarolwana. Har'a di-ether tsa cellulose tse ka hodimo, methyl cellulose le hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose di na le sekhahla se phahameng sa ho teteana ha metsi.
(3) Liphetoho mochesong li tla ama sekgahla sa ho boloka metsi sa methyl cellulose ka botebo. Ka kakaretso, ha mocheso o phahame, ho boloka metsi ho mpefala. Haeba mocheso oa seretse o feta 40°C, ho boloka metsi ha methyl cellulose ho tla fokotseha haholo, e leng se tla amang kaho ea seretse ka botebo.
(4) Methyl cellulose e na le phello e kholo kahong le ho khomareleng ha seretse. "Ho khomarela" mona ho bolela matla a khomareleng a utloahalang pakeng tsa sesebelisoa sa sesebelisoa sa mosebetsi le substrate ea lebota, ke hore, khanyetso ea ho kuta ha seretse. Ho khomarela ho hoholo, khanyetso ea ho kuta ha seretse e kholo, 'me matla a hlokoang ke basebetsi ts'ebetsong ea ts'ebeliso le ona a maholo, 'me ts'ebetso ea kaho ea seretse e fokola. Ho khomarela ha Methyl cellulose ho boemong bo itekanetseng lihlahisoa tsa ether tsa cellulose.
2. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ke mofuta oa cellulose oo tlhahiso le tšebeliso ea oona li ntseng li eketseha ka potlako lilemong tsa morao tjena. Ke ether e tsoakiloeng ea cellulose e seng ea ionic e entsoeng ka k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng ka mor'a alkalization, e sebelisang propylene oxide le methyl chloride e le moemeli oa etherification, ka letoto la liketso. Tekanyo ea ho nkeloa sebaka hangata ke 1.2 ~ 2.0. Thepa ea eona e fapane ka lebaka la likarolelano tse fapaneng tsa methoxyl le hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e qhibiliha habonolo metsing a batang, 'me e tla tobana le mathata ha e qhibiliha ka metsing a chesang. Empa mocheso oa eona oa gelation metsing a chesang o phahame haholo ho feta oa methyl cellulose. Ho qhibiliha ha eona metsing a batang le hona ho ntlafetse haholo ha ho bapisoa le methyl cellulose.
(2) Ho teteana ha hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ho amana le boima ba eona ba limolek'hule, 'me ha boima ba limolek'hule bo le boholo, ho teteana ho ba holimo. Mocheso le oona o ama ho teteana ha eona, ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha, ho teteana hoa fokotseha. Leha ho le joalo, ho teteana ha eona ho phahameng ho na le phello e tlase ea mocheso ho feta methyl cellulose. Tharollo ea eona e tsitsitse ha e bolokoa mochesong oa kamore.
(3) Ho boloka metsi ha hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ho itshetlehile ka bongata ba yona ba ho eketsa, viscosity, jj., mme sekgahla sa yona sa ho boloka metsi tlasa bongata bo lekanang ba ho eketsa se hodimo ho feta sa methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e tsitsitse ho ea ho asiti le alkali, 'me tharollo ea eona ea metsi e tsitsitse haholo ho ea ka pH=2~12. Caustic soda le metsi a lime ha li na phello e kholo ts'ebetsong ea eona, empa alkali e ka potlakisa ho qhibiliha ha eona le ho eketsa viscosity ea eona. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e tsitsitse ho ea ho letsoai le tloaelehileng, empa ha mahloriso a tharollo ea letsoai a le holimo, viscosity ea tharollo ea hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e atisa ho eketseha.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e ka kopanngoa le metsoako ea polymer e qhibilihang ka metsing ho etsa tharollo e tšoanang le e nang le viscosity e phahameng. Joalo ka polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, vegetable gum, jj.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e na le khanyetso e betere ea li-enzyme ho feta methylcellulose, 'me tharollo ea eona ha e na monyetla oa ho senyeha ke li-enzyme ho feta methylcellulose. Ho khomarela ha hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kahong ea seretse ho phahame ho feta ha methylcellulose.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
E entsoe ka k'hothone e hloekisitsoeng e tšoeroeng ka alkali, 'me e arajoa ka ethylene oxide e le moemeli oa etherification ha ho na le acetone. Tekanyo ea ho nkeloa sebaka hangata ke 1.5 ~ 2.0. E na le philicity e matla ea hydrophilicity 'me e bonolo ho monya mongobo.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose e qhibiliha metsing a batang, empa ho thata ho e qhibilihisa metsing a chesang. Tharollo ea eona e tsitsitse mochesong o phahameng ntle le ho e kenya ka gelling. E ka sebelisoa nako e telele tlas'a mocheso o phahameng ka har'a seretse, empa ho boloka metsi ha eona ho tlase ho feta ha methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose e tsitsitse ho acid le alkali tse akaretsang. Alkali e ka potlakisa ho qhibiliha ha eona le ho eketsa viscosity ea eona hanyane. Ho qhalana ha eona metsing ho mpe hanyane ho feta ha methyl cellulose le hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose e na le ts'ebetso e ntle ea ho thibela ho oa ha seretse, empa e na le nako e telele ea ho lieha bakeng sa samente.
(4) Tshebetso ya hydroxyethyl cellulose e hlahiswang ke dikgwebo tse ding tsa malapeng e totobetse hore e tlase ho feta ya methyl cellulose ka lebaka la metsi a mangata le molora o mongata.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ether ea cellulose ea ionic e entsoe ka likhoele tsa tlhaho (k'hothone, jj.) tse phekotsoeng ka alkali 'me li sebelisoa e le moemeli oa etherification ka mekhoa e mengata ea phekolo ea karabelo. Tekanyo ea phetolo hangata ke 0.4 ~ 1.4, 'me ts'ebetso ea eona e angoa haholo ke tekanyo ea phetolo.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose e na le hygroscopic e ngata, 'me e tla ba le metsi a mangata ha e bolokoa tlas'a maemo a akaretsang.
(2) Tharollo ea metsi ea Carboxymethyl cellulose e ke ke ea hlahisa gel, 'me viscosity e tla fokotseha ha mocheso o ntse o eketseha. Ha mocheso o feta 50°C, viscosity e ke ke ea fetoloa.
(3) Ho tsitsa ha yona ho angwa haholo ke pH. Ka kakaretso, e ka sebediswa ka hara seretse se thehilweng hodima gypsum, empa e seng ka hara seretse se thehilweng hodima samente. Ha e na le alkaline e ngata, e lahlehelwa ke viscosity.
(4) Ho boloka metsi ha eona ho tlase haholo ho feta ha methyl cellulose. E na le phello e liehang holim'a seretse se thehiloeng ho gypsum 'me e fokotsa matla a eona. Leha ho le joalo, theko ea carboxymethyl cellulose e tlase haholo ho feta ea methyl cellulose.
Nako ea poso: Pherekhong-10-2023