1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Bayan an yi wa audugar da aka tace magani da alkali, ana samar da cellulose ether ta hanyar jerin halayen da methane chloride a matsayin wakilin etherification. Gabaɗaya, matakin maye gurbin shine 1.6~2.0, kuma narkewar shi ma ya bambanta da matakai daban-daban na maye gurbin. Yana cikin cellulose ether wanda ba ionic ba.
(1) Methylcellulose yana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma zai yi wuya a narke a cikin ruwan zafi. Maganin ruwansa yana da ƙarfi sosai a cikin kewayon pH = 3 ~ 12. Yana da kyakkyawan jituwa da sitaci, guar gum, da sauransu da yawa. Lokacin da zafin jiki ya kai zafin gelation, gelation yana faruwa.
(2) Rikewar ruwa na methyl cellulose ya dogara da adadin ƙarinsa, ɗanko, ɗanko na barbashi da kuma yawan narkewar sa. Gabaɗaya, idan adadin ƙarin ya yi yawa, ɗanko yana da ƙarami, kuma ɗanko yana da girma, ƙimar riƙe ruwa yana da yawa. Daga cikinsu, adadin ƙarin yana da babban tasiri akan ƙimar riƙe ruwa, kuma matakin ɗanko ba ya daidai da matakin riƙe ruwa kai tsaye. Yawan narkewar ya dogara ne akan matakin gyaran saman barbashi na cellulose da ɗanko na barbashi. Daga cikin ƙwayoyin cellulose da ke sama, methyl cellulose da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose suna da ƙimar riƙe ruwa mafi girma.
(3) Sauye-sauye a yanayin zafi zai yi tasiri sosai ga yawan riƙe ruwa na methyl cellulose. Gabaɗaya, idan yawan zafin ya yi yawa, to, riƙe ruwa ya fi muni. Idan zafin turmi ya wuce 40°C, riƙe ruwa na methyl cellulose zai ragu sosai, wanda hakan zai shafi ginin turmi sosai.
(4) Methyl cellulose yana da tasiri mai mahimmanci akan ginawa da mannewa na turmi. "Mannewa" a nan yana nufin ƙarfin manne da aka ji tsakanin kayan aikin mai amfani da ma'aikacin da kuma abin da ke kan bango, wato, juriyar yanke turmi. Mannewa yana da girma, juriyar yanke turmi yana da girma, kuma ƙarfin da ma'aikata ke buƙata yayin amfani shi ma yana da girma, kuma aikin ginin turmi ba shi da kyau. Mannewar methyl cellulose yana da matsakaicin matsayi a cikin samfuran cellulose ether.
2. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nau'in cellulose ne wanda fitarwa da amfaninsa ke ƙaruwa cikin sauri a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Yana da gaurayen ether ne wanda ba ionic ba wanda aka yi daga auduga mai tsafta bayan alkali, ta amfani da propylene oxide da methyl chloride a matsayin wakilin etherification, ta hanyar jerin halayen. Matsayin maye gurbin gabaɗaya shine 1.2~2.0. Abubuwan da ke cikinsa sun bambanta saboda bambancin rabo na abun ciki na methoxyl da abun ciki na hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin ruwan sanyi, kuma zai fuskanci matsaloli wajen narkewa a cikin ruwan zafi. Amma zafin gelation ɗinsa a cikin ruwan zafi ya fi na methyl cellulose girma sosai. Hakanan yana inganta narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi sosai idan aka kwatanta da methyl cellulose.
(2) Dankowar hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana da alaƙa da nauyin kwayoyin halittarsa, kuma girman nauyin kwayoyin halittar, haka nan girman dankowar. Zafin jiki kuma yana shafar dankowar sa, yayin da zafin jiki ke ƙaruwa, dankowar yana raguwa. Duk da haka, babban dankowar sa yana da ƙarancin tasirin zafin jiki fiye da methyl cellulose. Maganin sa yana da karko idan aka adana shi a zafin jiki na ɗaki.
(3) Rikewar ruwa na hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ya dogara da adadin ƙarinsa, dankonsa, da sauransu, kuma yawan riƙewar ruwa a ƙarƙashin adadin ƙarin ya fi na methyl cellulose girma.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana da daidaito ga acid da alkali, kuma ruwan da ke cikinsa yana da daidaito sosai a cikin kewayon pH = 2 ~ 12. Soda mai kauri da ruwan lemun tsami ba su da tasiri sosai kan aikinsu, amma alkali na iya hanzarta narkewarsa da ƙara dankonsa. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana da daidaito ga gishirin da aka saba da shi, amma idan yawan ruwan gishiri ya yi yawa, danko na ruwan hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana ƙaruwa.
(5) Ana iya haɗa Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose da mahaɗan polymer masu narkewa cikin ruwa don samar da mafita mai kama da juna kuma mafi girma. Kamar polyvinyl alcohol, sitaci ether, kayan lambu, da sauransu.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yana da juriya ga enzyme fiye da methylcellulose, kuma maganin sa ba shi da yuwuwar lalata shi ta hanyar enzymes fiye da methylcellulose. Mannewar hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ga ginin turmi ya fi na methylcellulose girma.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
An yi shi ne da auduga mai kyau da aka yi wa magani da alkali, kuma ana mayar da shi da ethylene oxide a matsayin wakilin etherification idan akwai acetone. Matsakaicin maye gurbinsa gabaɗaya shine 1.5 ~ 2.0. Yana da ƙarfin hydrophilicity kuma yana da sauƙin sha danshi.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yana narkewa a cikin ruwan sanyi, amma yana da wuya a narke a cikin ruwan zafi. Maganin sa yana da ƙarfi a zafin jiki mai yawa ba tare da gel ba. Ana iya amfani da shi na dogon lokaci a cikin zafin jiki mai yawa a cikin turmi, amma riƙewar ruwansa ya yi ƙasa da na methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yana da daidaito ga acid da alkali gabaɗaya. Alkali na iya hanzarta narkewarsa kuma ya ƙara ɗanɗanonsa kaɗan. Watsewarsa a cikin ruwa ya ɗan fi muni fiye da na methyl cellulose da hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose yana da kyakkyawan aikin hana sag ga turmi, amma yana da tsawon lokacin jinkirin siminti.
(4) Ayyukan hydroxyethyl cellulose da wasu kamfanonin cikin gida ke samarwa a bayyane yake ƙasa da na methyl cellulose saboda yawan ruwa da kuma yawan toka da ke cikinsa.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
Ana yin ether na ionic cellulose daga zare na halitta (auduga, da sauransu) wanda aka yi wa magani da alkali kuma ana amfani da shi azaman wakilin etherification ta hanyar jerin hanyoyin magancewa. Matsakaicin maye gurbin gabaɗaya shine 0.4 ~ 1.4, kuma aikin sa yana da tasiri sosai ta hanyar matakin maye gurbin.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose yana da hygroscopic sosai, kuma zai ƙunshi ƙarin ruwa idan aka adana shi a ƙarƙashin yanayi na yau da kullun.
(2) Ruwan da ke cikin ruwa na Carboxymethyl cellulose ba zai samar da gel ba, kuma danko zai ragu tare da karuwar zafin jiki. Idan zafin ya wuce 50°C, danko ba zai iya canzawa ba.
(3) Matsayin pH yana da matuƙar tasiri ga kwanciyar hankalinsa. Gabaɗaya, ana iya amfani da shi a turmi mai tushen gypsum, amma ba a cikin turmi mai tushen siminti ba. Idan yana da alkaline sosai, yana rasa ɗanko.
(4) Rikewar ruwa da ke cikinsa ya yi ƙasa da na methyl cellulose. Yana da tasiri mai hana ruwa gudu akan turmi da aka yi da gypsum kuma yana rage ƙarfinsa. Duk da haka, farashin carboxymethyl cellulose ya yi ƙasa sosai fiye da na methyl cellulose.
Lokacin Saƙo: Janairu-10-2023