1. Methylcellulose (MC)
Mgbe ejiri alkali gwọọ owu a nụchara anụcha, a na-emepụta cellulose ether site na usoro mmeghachi omume na methane chloride dị ka ihe na-eme ka etherification dị. N'ozuzu, ogo nke nnọchi bụ 1.6~2.0, ihe na-agbazekwa dịkwa iche na ọkwa dị iche iche nke nnọchi. Ọ bụ nke cellulose ether na-abụghị ionic.
(1) Methylcellulose na-agbaze n'ime mmiri oyi, ọ ga-esikwa ike ịgbaze n'ime mmiri ọkụ. Mmiri ya na-agbaze nke ọma na pH = 3 ~ 12. Ọ na-adaba nke ọma na starch, guar gum, wdg. na ọtụtụ surfactants. Mgbe okpomọkụ ruru okpomọkụ gelation, gelation na-eme.
(2) Njide mmiri nke methyl cellulose dabere na ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, ịdị mma nke ihe dị n'ime ya na ọnụego mgbaze. N'ozuzu, ọ bụrụ na ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye buru ibu, ịdị mma ahụ pere mpe, viscosity ahụ buru ibu, ọnụego nchekwa mmiri dị elu. N'ime ha, ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye ahụ nwere mmetụta kachasị ukwuu na ọnụego nchekwa mmiri, ọkwa nke viscosity adịghịkwa nhata kpọmkwem na ọkwa nchekwa mmiri. Ọnụego mgbaze dabere na oke mgbanwe elu nke ihe dị n'ime cellulose na ịdị mma nke ihe dị n'ime ya. N'ime ihe ndị dị n'ime cellulose ethers dị n'elu, methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose nwere ọnụego nchekwa mmiri dị elu.
(3) Mgbanwe na okpomọkụ ga-emetụta oke nchekwa mmiri nke methyl cellulose. N'ozuzu, ka okpomọkụ dị elu, otú ahụ ka nchekwa mmiri na-aka njọ. Ọ bụrụ na okpomọkụ moto gafere 40°C, nchekwa mmiri nke methyl cellulose ga-ebelata nke ukwuu, nke na-emetụta nnukwu nrụpụta moto ahụ.
(4) Methyl cellulose nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu n'iwuli na njikọta nke ngwa agha. "Nraranye" ebe a na-ezo aka n'ike nraranye dị n'etiti ngwa ọrụ onye ọrụ na ihe mkpuchi mgbidi, ya bụ, nraranye nke ngwa agha. Nraranye dị elu, nraranye nke ngwa agha buru ibu, ike ndị ọrụ chọrọ n'oge ojiji dịkwa ukwuu, arụmọrụ owuwu nke ngwa agha ahụ adịghịkwa mma. Nraranye Methyl cellulose dị n'ọkwa dị ala na ngwaahịa cellulose ether.
2. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bụ ụdị cellulose nke mmepụta na oriri ya na-amụba ngwa ngwa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya. Ọ bụ ngwakọta nke cellulose na-abụghị ionic nke e ji owu a nụchara anụcha mee mgbe alkalization gasịrị, na-eji propylene oxide na methyl chloride dị ka ihe na-eme ka etherification dị, site na usoro mmeghachi omume. Ogo nke nnọchi anya na-abụkarị 1.2~2.0. Njirimara ya dị iche iche n'ihi oke dị iche iche nke ọdịnaya methoxyl na ọdịnaya hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-agbaze ngwa ngwa na mmiri oyi, ọ ga-enwekwa nsogbu mgbe ọ na-agbaze na mmiri ọkụ. Mana okpomọkụ ya na-agbaze na mmiri ọkụ dị elu karịa nke methyl cellulose. A na-emekwa ka mmiri oyi na-agbaze nke ọma ma e jiri ya tụnyere methyl cellulose.
(2) Ọbara hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-adabere na ibu molekul ya, na ibu molekul ka ọ na-ebu, otú ahụ ka viscosity ya na-abawanye. Okpomọkụ na-emetụtakwa viscosity ya, ka okpomọkụ na-abawanye, viscosity na-ebelata. Agbanyeghị, viscosity ya dị elu nwere mmetụta okpomọkụ dị ala karịa methyl cellulose. Mmiri ya na-adịgide adịgide mgbe echekwara ya na okpomọkụ ụlọ.
(3) Njide mmiri nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose dabere na ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye ya, viscosity, wdg, na ọnụego njigide mmiri ya n'okpuru otu ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye ahụ dị elu karịa nke methyl cellulose.
(4) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwụsiri ike na acid na alkali, mmiri mmiri ya na-adịkwa mma nke ukwuu n'ogo pH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda na mmiri lime anaghị enwe mmetụta dị ukwuu na arụmọrụ ya, mana alkali nwere ike ime ka ọ gbazee ngwa ngwa ma mee ka ọ gbazee ngwa ngwa. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwụsiri ike na nnu nkịtị, mana mgbe njupụta nke mmiri nnu dị elu, viscosity nke mmiri hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na-abawanye.
(5) Enwere ike ịgwakọta Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na ngwakọta polima mmiri na-agbaze iji mepụta ngwọta viscosity dị otu ma dị elu. Dịka polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, chịngọm akwụkwọ nri, wdg.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose nwere ike iguzogide enzyme karịa methylcellulose, ọ dịghịkwa ka enzymes ga-emebi ihe ngwọta ya karịa methylcellulose. Nrapado nke hydroxypropyl methylcellulose na nhazi ụrọ dị elu karịa nke methylcellulose.
3. Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC)
A na-eji owu a gwakọtara agwakọta nke e ji alkali mee ya, a na-ejikwa ethylene oxide eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka etherification dị na ya ma a na-ahụ acetone. Ogo nnọchi ya na-abụkarị 1.5-2.0. Ọ nwere hydrophilicity siri ike ma dịkwa mfe ịmịkọrọ mmiri.
(1) A na-agbaze Hydroxyethyl cellulose na mmiri oyi, mana ọ na-esiri ike ịgbaze na mmiri ọkụ. Mmiri ya na-adịgide adịgide na okpomọkụ dị elu na-enweghị gelling. Enwere ike iji ya ruo ogologo oge n'okpuru okpomọkụ dị elu na moto, mana mmiri ya dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose kwụsiri ike na acid na alkali. Alkali nwere ike ime ka ọ gbazee ngwa ngwa ma mee ka ọ dịkwuo mma. Ọ na-agbaze n'ime mmiri dị ntakịrị njọ karịa nke methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere ezigbo ọrụ mgbochi sag maka ngwa agha, mana ọ na-ewe oge dị ogologo maka simenti.
(4) Arụmọrụ nke hydroxyethyl cellulose nke ụfọdụ ụlọ ọrụ obodo na-emepụta doro anya dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose n'ihi nnukwu mmiri na oke ntụ ya.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
A na-eji eriri eke (owu, wdg) eme ihe e ji alkali gwọọ ma jiri ya mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ikuku dị ọcha site na usoro ọgwụgwọ mmeghachi omume. Oke mgbanwe na-abụkarị 0.4 ~ 1.4, ọkwa mgbanwe na-emetụtakwa arụmọrụ ya nke ukwuu.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose na-eme ka mmiri dị ọcha karịa, ọ ga-enwekwa mmiri karịa mgbe echekwara ya n'ọnọdụ nkịtị.
(2) Mmiri mmiri nke Carboxymethyl cellulose agaghị emepụta jel, oke ahụ ga-ebelata ka okpomọkụ na-arị elu. Mgbe okpomọkụ gafere 50°C, oke ahụ agaghị agbanwe agbanwe.
(3) Ọkwa pH na-emetụta nkwụsi ike ya nke ukwuu. N'ozuzu, enwere ike iji ya na gypsum, mana ọ bụghị na gypsum nke e ji simenti mee. Ọ bụrụ na ọ dị oke alkaline, ọ na-efunahụ viscosity.
(4) Mmiri ọ na-ejide dị ala karịa nke methyl cellulose. Ọ na-ebelata ike ya na gypsum ma na-ebelata ike ya. Agbanyeghị, ọnụ ahịa carboxymethyl cellulose dị ala nke ukwuu karịa nke methyl cellulose.
Oge ozi: Jenụwarị-10-2023