1. Methylcellulose (MC)
I muri i te rongoā o te miro kua whakapaia ki te kawakore, ka puta te cellulose ether mā roto i te raupapa o ngā tauhohenga me te methane chloride hei kaihoko etherification. Ko te tikanga, ko te taumata o te whakakapinga he 1.6~2.0, ā, he rerekē anō hoki te wairewatanga me ngā taumata rerekē o te whakakapinga. Nō te cellulose ether kore-ionic tēnei.
(1) Ka wairewa te Methylcellulose i roto i te wai matao, ā, he uaua ki te wairewa i roto i te wai wera. He tino pumau tōna wairewa wai i roto i te awhe pH=3~12. He pai te hototahitanga ki te māngaro, te kapia guar, me ētahi atu, me te maha o ngā surfactants. Ina tae te pāmahana ki te pāmahana gelation, ka puta te gelation.
(2) Ko te pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o te tāpiri, te matotoru, te pai o te matūriki me te tere whakarewa. I te nuinga o te wā, ki te nui te nui o te tāpiri, he iti te pai, ā, ki te nui te matotoru, he teitei te tere pupuri wai. I roto i ēnei, ko te nui o te tāpiri te mea nui rawa atu te pānga ki te tere pupuri wai, ā, kāore te taumata matotoru e rite tika ki te taumata o te tere pupuri wai. Ko te tere whakarewa e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o te whakarerekētanga mata o ngā matūriki cellulose me te pai o te matūriki. I roto i ngā cellulose ethers o runga ake nei, he nui ake ngā tere pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose me te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Ka pā kino ngā panonitanga o te pāmahana ki te tere pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose. I te nuinga o te wā, ka nui ake te pāmahana, ka kino ake te pupuri wai. Mena ka neke ake te pāmahana o te moata i te 40°C, ka tino heke te pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose, ka pā kino ki te hanganga o te moata.
(4) He pānga nui tō te methyl cellulose ki te hanganga me te piri o te moata. Ko te "piri" i konei e pā ana ki te kaha piri e pā ana ki te taputapu tono a te kaimahi me te papa pakitara, arā, te ātete kutikuti o te moata. He teitei te piri, he nui te ātete kutikuti o te moata, ā, he nui hoki te kaha e hiahiatia ana e ngā kaimahi i te wā e whakamahia ana, ā, he ngoikore te mahi hanganga o te moata. He taumata taurite te piri o te methyl cellulose i roto i ngā hua cellulose ether.
2. Te Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC)
Ko te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose he momo cellulose kua tere te piki haere o tana putanga me tana whakamahinga i ngā tau tata nei. He cellulose kore-ionic i konatunatua ki te ether i hangaia mai i te miro kua whakapaia i muri i te alkaliization, mā te whakamahi i te propylene oxide me te methyl chloride hei kaihoko etherification, mā roto i te raupapa o ngā tauhohenga. Ko te nui o te whakakapinga he 1.2~2.0. He rerekē ōna āhuatanga nā te rerekētanga o ngā ōwehenga o te ihirangi methoxyl me te ihirangi hydroxypropyl.
(1) He ngāwari te wairewa o te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ki te wai matao, ā, ka uaua te wairewa ki te wai wera. Engari he nui ake te pāmahana o tōna wairewatanga i roto i te wai wera i tō te methyl cellulose. He nui ake hoki te pai o te wairewatanga i roto i te wai matao ki te whakaritea ki te methyl cellulose.
(2) E pā ana te matotoru o te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ki tōna taumaha ngota, ā, ki te nui ake te taumaha ngota, ka teitei ake te matotoru. Ka pā anō te pāmahana ki tōna matotoru, i te pikinga o te pāmahana, ka heke te matotoru. Heoi, he iti ake te pānga pāmahana o tōna matotoru teitei i te methyl cellulose. He pumau tōna otinga ina rongoatia ki te pāmahana rūma.
(3) Ko te pupuri wai o te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e whakawhirinaki ana ki te nui o te tāpiri, te matotoru, me ētahi atu, ā, ko tōna tere pupuri wai i raro i te nui tāpiri kotahi he teitei ake i te methyl cellulose.
(4) He pumau te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ki te waikawa me te alkali, ā, he tino pumau tōna wairewa i te awhe pH=2~12. He iti noa te pānga o te houra kautika me te wai raima ki tōna mahi, engari ka taea e te alkali te tere ake i tōna memeha me te whakanui ake i tōna matotoru. He pumau te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ki ngā tote noa, engari ina teitei te kukū o te wairewa tote, ka piki ake te matotoru o te wairewa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
(5) Ka taea te whakaranu i te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose me ngā matū polymer wairewa-wai hei hanga i tētahi otinga ōrite, matotoru ake. Pērā i te waipiro polyvinyl, te māngaro ether, te kapia huawhenua, me ētahi atu.
(6) He pai ake te ātete o te Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ki ngā whākōkī i te methylcellulose, ā, he iti ake te tūponotanga kia pakaruhia tōna otinga e ngā whākōkī i te methylcellulose. He teitei ake te piri o te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ki te hanganga moata i te methylcellulose.
3. Te pūhui hauwaioraitiri (HEC)
He mea hanga mai i te miro kua parakoretia kua rongoatia ki te kawakore, ā, ka tauhohe ki te ethylene oxide hei kaihoko etherification i te aroaro o te acetone. Ko te nui o te whakakapinga he 1.5~2.0. He kaha te wai-aroha, ā, he ngāwari ki te mimiti i te makuku.
(1) Ka wairewa te hydroxyethyl cellulose ki te wai matao, engari he uaua ki te wairewa ki te wai wera. Ka pumau tōna otinga i te pāmahana teitei, kāore e whakapūpū. Ka taea te whakamahi mō te wā roa i raro i te pāmahana teitei i roto i te moata, engari he iti ake tōna pupuri wai i tērā o te methyl cellulose.
(2) He pumau te Hydroxyethyl cellulose ki te waikawa whānui me te alkali. Ka taea e te alkali te whakatere i tōna memeha me te whakanui ake i tōna matotoru. He kino ake tōna memeha i roto i te wai i tērā o te methyl cellulose me te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) He pai te mahi ārai-totoka a te Hydroxyethyl cellulose mō te moata, engari he roa ake te wā whakaroa mō te sima.
(4) Ko te mahi a te hydroxyethyl cellulose i hangaia e ētahi umanga ā-rohe he iti iho i te mahi a te methyl cellulose nā te nui o te wai me te nui o te pungarehu.
4. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
He mea hanga te etera cellulose ionic mai i ngā muka tūturu (miro, me ētahi atu) kua rongoatia ki te kawakore, ā, ka whakamahia hei kaihoko etherification mā roto i te raupapa o ngā maimoatanga tauhohenga. Ko te nui o te whakakapinga he 0.4~1.4, ā, he nui te pānga o tōna mahi ki te nui o te whakakapinga.
(1) He waiora ake te Carboxymethyl cellulose, ā, ka nui ake te wai kei roto ina rongoatia i raro i ngā āhuatanga whānui.
(2) Kāore e puta he kirikiri i roto i te wairewa wai o te carboxymethyl cellulose, ā, ka heke te matotoru i te pikinga o te pāmahana. Ina neke atu te pāmahana i te 50°C, kāore e taea te whakakore i te matotoru.
(3) He nui te pānga o te pH ki tōna pumau. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te moata gypsum, engari kāore i roto i te moata sima. Ina tino kawakore, ka ngaro te matotoru.
(4) He iti ake tōna pupuri wai i tērā o te methyl cellulose. He pānga whakaroa tōna ki te moata gypsum, ā, ka whakaiti i tōna kaha. Heoi, he iti ake te utu o te carboxymethyl cellulose i tērā o te methyl cellulose.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-10-2023