Ingxube eyodwa inemikhawulo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwe-gypsum slurry. Uma ukusebenza kwe-gypsum mortar kuzofeza imiphumela eyanelisayo futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, ingxube yamakhemikhali, ingxube, izigcwalisi, nezinto ezahlukahlukene kudingeka zihlanganiswe futhi zigcwaliswe ngendlela yesayensi nenengqondo.
01. Umlawuli wokujiya
Izilawuli zokuhlanganisa zihlukaniswe kakhulu ngama-retarders nama-accelerator. Ku-motar exutshwe ne-gypsum dry-mixed, ama-retarders asetshenziselwa imikhiqizo elungiselelwe nge-plaster of paris, kanti ama-accelerator ayadingeka emikhiqizweni elungiselelwe nge-gypsum engamanzi noma kusetshenziswa ngqo i-dihydrate gypsum.
02. Umlindi
Ukwengeza i-retarder ezintweni zokwakha ezixutshwe ne-gypsum kuvimbela inqubo yokumanzisa ye-hemihydrate gypsum futhi kwandise isikhathi sokusetha. Kunezimo eziningi zokumanzisa kwe-plaster, okuhlanganisa ukwakheka kwesigaba se-plaster, izinga lokushisa lezinto ze-plaster lapho ulungiselela imikhiqizo, ubuncane bezinhlayiya, isikhathi sokusetha kanye nenani le-pH lemikhiqizo elungiselelwe, njll. Isici ngasinye sinethonya elithile emphumeleni wokulibazisa, ngakho-ke kunomehluko omkhulu enanini le-retarder ezimweni ezahlukene. Njengamanje, i-retarder engcono ye-gypsum eShayina yi-retarder yeprotheyini eguquliwe (iprotheyini ephezulu), enezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, isikhathi sokulibazisa eside, ukulahlekelwa amandla amancane, ukwakhiwa okuhle komkhiqizo, kanye nesikhathi eside sokuvula. Inani elisetshenziswa ekulungiseleleni i-plaster ye-stucco esezansi ngokuvamile liyi-0.06% kuya ku-0.15%.
03. I-Coagulant
Ukusheshisa isikhathi sokuxuba i-slurry nokwandisa isivinini sokuxuba i-slurry kungenye yezindlela zokusheshisa ukujiya komzimba. Ama-coagulant amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha i-anhydrite powder afaka i-potassium chloride, i-potassium silicate, i-sulfate nezinye izinto ze-asidi. Umthamo ngokuvamile u-0.2% kuya ku-0.4%.
04. I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi
Izinto zokwakha ze-gypsum dry-mix azihlukaniseki nezinto ezigcina amanzi. Ukuthuthukisa izinga lokugcina amanzi kwe-gypsum product slurry ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi angaba khona kwi-gypsum slurry isikhathi eside, ukuze kutholakale umphumela omuhle wokuqina kwamanzi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukwakhiwa kwezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum powder, ukunciphisa nokuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa nokopha kwe-gypsum slurry, ukuthuthukisa ukugoba kwe-slurry, ukwandisa isikhathi sokuvula, nokuxazulula izinkinga zekhwalithi yobunjiniyela njengokuqhekeka nokugoba konke akuhlukaniseki nezinto ezigcina amanzi. Ukuthi i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ifanelekile yini kuncike kakhulu ekuhlakazekeni kwayo, ukuncibilika okusheshayo, ukubumba, ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nempahla yokujiya, phakathi kwazo okubaluleke kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Kunezinhlobo ezine zezinto zokugcina amanzi:
①I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ye-cellulosic
Njengamanje, esetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe yi-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ilandelwe yi-methyl cellulose kanye ne-carboxymethyl cellulose. Ukusebenza okuphelele kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kungcono kunokwe-methylcellulose, futhi ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwalokhu okubili kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwe-carboxymethylcellulose, kodwa umphumela wokujiya kanye nomphumela wokubopha mubi kakhulu kunowe-carboxymethylcellulose. Ezintweni zokwakha ezixutshwe ne-gypsum dry-mixed, inani le-hydroxypropyl kanye ne-methyl cellulose ngokuvamile liyi-0.1% kuya ku-0.3%, kanti inani le-carboxymethyl cellulose liyi-0.5% kuya ku-1.0%. Izibonelo eziningi zokusetshenziswa zifakazela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa okuhlangene kwalokhu okubili kungcono.
② I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi esitashi
I-agent yokugcina amanzi esitashi isetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-gypsum putty kanye ne-surface plaster plaster, futhi ingathatha indawo yengxenye noma yonke i-cellulose water retaining agent. Ukwengeza i-agent yokugcina amanzi esekwe kusitashi ezintweni zokwakha ze-gypsum dry powder kungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuvumelana kwe-slurry. Ama-agent okugcina amanzi asekelwe kusitashi asetshenziswa kakhulu afaka i-tapioca starch, i-pregelatinized starch, i-carboxymethyl starch, kanye ne-carboxypropyl starch. Inani le-agent yokugcina amanzi esekwe kusitashi ngokuvamile liyi-0.3% kuya ku-1%. Uma inani likhulu kakhulu, lizobangela ukubola kwemikhiqizo ye-gypsum endaweni enomswakama, okuzothinta ngqo ikhwalithi yephrojekthi.
③ I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ngeglue
Ezinye izinti ezisheshayo nazo zingadlala indima engcono yokugcina amanzi. Isibonelo, i-17-88, i-polyvinyl alcohol powder engu-24-88, i-Tianqing gum kanye ne-guar gum kusetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha ezixutshwe ne-gypsum njenge-gypsum, i-gypsum putty, kanye ne-gypsum insulation glue. Inganciphisa inani le-cellulose water retaining agent. Ikakhulukazi ku-fast-bonding gypsum, ingathatha indawo ye-cellulose ether water-retaining agent kwezinye izimo.
④ Izinto zokugcina amanzi ezingaphili
Ukusetshenziswa kokuhlanganisa ezinye izinto zokugcina amanzi ezintweni zokwakha ezixutshwe ne-gypsum kunganciphisa inani lezinye izinto zokugcina amanzi, kunciphise izindleko zomkhiqizo, futhi kudlale indima ethile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kahle nokwakhiwa kwe-gypsum slurry. Izinto zokugcina amanzi ezingasetshenziswa ezintweni eziphilayo ezivame ukusetshenziswa zifaka phakathi i-bentonite, i-kaolin, i-diatomaceous earth, i-zeolite powder, i-perlite powder, i-attapulgite clay, njll.
05.I-Adhesive
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinamathelisi ezintweni zokwakha ezixutshwe ne-gypsum dry-mixed kungokwesibili kuphela ngemva kwezinto ezigcina amanzi kanye nezibamba amanzi. I-Gypsum self-leveling mortar, i-bonded gypsum, i-caulking gypsum glue, kanye ne-thermal insulation gypsum glue konke akuhlukaniseki nezinamathelisi.
▲ Impuphu ye-latex ephinde ihlakazeke
Impuphu ye-latex ephinde ihlakazeke isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-motartard ye-gypsum self-leveling, i-gypsum insulation compound, i-gypsum caulking putty, njll. Ikakhulukazi ku-motartard ye-gypsum self-leveling, ingathuthukisa i-viscosity kanye nokugeleza kwe-slurry, futhi idlale indima enkulu ekunciphiseni i-delamination, ukugwema ukuphuma kwegazi, kanye nokuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka. Umthamo ngokuvamile u-1.2% kuya ku-2.5%.
▲ Utshwala olusheshayo lwe-polyvinyl
Njengamanje, utshwala be-polyvinyl obusheshayo obusetshenziswa ngobuningi emakethe bungu-24-88 kanye no-17-88. Buvame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni efana ne-bonding gypsum, i-gypsum putty, i-gypsum composite thermal insulation compound, kanye ne-plastering plaster. 0.4% kuya ku-1.2%.
I-Guar gum, i-Tianqing gum, i-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-starch ether, njll. konke kuyizinto zokunamathisela ezinemisebenzi ehlukene yokubopha ezintweni zokwakha ezixutshwe ne-gypsum.
06. Isiqinisi
Ukujiya kuhloselwe kakhulu ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokugoba kwe-gypsum slurry, okufana nezinamathiselo kanye nezinto zokugcina amanzi, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele. Eminye imikhiqizo yokujiya iyasebenza ekujiyeni, kodwa ayifaneleki ngokwendlela yokubumbana kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Lapho kwenziwa izinto zokwakha ze-gypsum dry powder, indima eyinhloko yokuxuba kufanele icatshangelwe ngokugcwele ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuxuba okungcono nangokufanele. Imikhiqizo yokujiya evame ukusetshenziswa ifaka phakathi i-polyacrylamide, i-Tianqing gum, i-guar gum, i-carboxymethyl cellulose, njll.
07. I-ejenti yokufaka umoya
I-air-entraining agent, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-foaming agent, isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha ezixutshwe ne-gypsum dry-mixed ezifana ne-gypsum insulation compound kanye ne-plaster plaster. I-air-entraining agent (i-foaming agent) isiza ukuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukunciphisa ukopha kanye nokuhlukaniswa, kanti umthamo ngokuvamile uphakathi kuka-0.01% kuya ku-0.02%.
08. I-Defoamer
I-Defoamer ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-gypsum self-leveling mortar kanye ne-gypsum caulking putty, okungathuthukisa ubuningi, amandla, ukumelana namanzi kanye nokuhlangana kwe-slurry, futhi umthamo ngokuvamile u-0.02% kuya ku-0.04%.
09. I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi
I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ingathuthukisa ukugeleza kwe-gypsum slurry kanye namandla omzimba oqiniswe yi-gypsum, futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-gypsum self-leveling mortar kanye ne-plaster plaster. Njengamanje, izinciphisi zamanzi ezikhiqizwa ekhaya zihlelwa ngokwemiphumela yazo yokugeleza kanye namandla: izinciphisi zamanzi ezi-polycarboxylate retarded, izinciphisi zamanzi ezi-melamine high-efficiency, izinciphisi zamanzi ezi-high-efficiency retarded ezisekelwe etiyeni, kanye nezinciphisi zamanzi ze-lignosulfonate. Uma usebenzisa ama-ejenti okunciphisa amanzi ezintweni zokwakha ze-gypsum dry-mix, ngaphezu kokucabangela ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye namandla, kufanele futhi kuqashelwe isikhathi sokusetha kanye nokulahlekelwa kokugeleza kwezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
10. I-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi
Iphutha elikhulu lemikhiqizo ye-gypsum ukumelana namanzi okubi. Izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu womoya zinezidingo eziphakeme zokumelana namanzi kodaka oluxutshwe ne-gypsum. Ngokuvamile, ukumelana namanzi kwe-gypsum eqinile kuthuthukiswa ngokungeza izingxube ze-hydraulic. Uma kumanzi amanzi noma agcwele, ukungezwa kwangaphandle kwezingxube ze-hydraulic kungenza i-coefficient yokuthambisa yomzimba we-gypsum eqinile ifinyelele ngaphezu kuka-0.7, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamandla omkhiqizo. Izingxube ze-chemical zingasetshenziswa futhi ukunciphisa ukuncibilika kwe-gypsum (okungukuthi, ukwandisa i-coefficient yokuthambisa), ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-gypsum emanzini (okungukuthi, ukunciphisa izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi) nokunciphisa ukuguguleka komzimba we-gypsum oqinile (okungukuthi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi). Izinto zokuvimbela amanzi ze-Gypsum zifaka i-ammonium borate, i-sodium methyl siliconate, i-silicone resin, i-emulsified paraffin wax, kanye ne-silicone emulsion waterproofing agent enomphumela ongcono.
11. Isikhuthazi esisebenzayo
Ukusebenza kwama-anhydrite emvelo namakhemikhali kunikeza ukunamathela namandla okukhiqizwa kwezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum dry-mix. I-activator ye-acid ingasheshisa izinga lokumanzisa kwasekuqaleni kwe-gypsum engamanzi, ifinyeze isikhathi sokusetha, futhi ithuthukise amandla okuqala omzimba oqiniswe yi-gypsum. I-activator eyisisekelo ayinawo umthelela omkhulu esilinganisweni sokumanzisa kwasekuqaleni kwe-gypsum engamanzi, kodwa ingathuthukisa kakhulu amandla akamuva omzimba oqiniswe yi-gypsum, futhi ingaba yingxenye yezinto ezifakwa ku-hydraulic gelling emzimbeni oqiniswe yi-gypsum, ithuthukise ngempumelelo ukumelana kwamanzi kobulili bomzimba oqiniswe yi-gypsum. Umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-activator ye-acid-base compound ungcono kunowe-activator eyodwa ene-acid noma eyisisekelo. Izivuseleli ze-asidi zifaka i-potassium alum, i-sodium sulfate, i-potassium sulfate, njll. Izivuseleli ze-alkaline zifaka i-quicklime, i-cement, i-cement clinker, i-calcined dolomite, njll.
12. Isithambisi se-Thixotropic
Ama-lubricant e-thixotropic asetshenziswa ku-gypsum noma ku-plastering gypsum ezilinganisayo, okunganciphisa ukumelana kokugeleza kwe-gypsum mortar, kwandise isikhathi sokuvuleka, kuvimbele ukugoba kanye nokuhlaliswa kwe-slurry, ukuze i-slurry ithole ukugcotshwa okuhle nokusebenza kahle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isakhiwo somzimba sifana, futhi amandla aso angaphezulu ayakhuliswa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-20-2023