Uruvange rumwe rufite imbogamizi mu kunoza imikorere y'uruvange rwa gypsum. Niba imikorere ya gypsum mortar igomba kugera ku musaruro ushimishije no kuzuza ibisabwa bitandukanye, uruvange rw'imiti, uruvange rw'imiti, uruvange rw'imitako, n'ibikoresho bitandukanye birakenewe ko bivangwa kandi byuzuzwa mu buryo bwa siyansi kandi bukwiye.
01. Umugenzuzi w'imikorere y'amaraso mu mubiri
Utugenzuramikorere tw’ubushyuhe dutandukanye cyane cyane uturinda n’uturindamikorere. Muri mortier ya gypsum yumye, uturindamikorere dukoreshwa mu bintu byateguwe hakoreshejwe plaster ya paris, naho uturindamikorere turakenewe ku bicuruzwa byateguwe na gypsum idakora amazi cyangwa hakoreshejwe gypsum ya dihydrate.
02. Umucungamutungo
Kongeramo retarder ku bikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya gypsum byumye bibuza inzira yo kuvura ya gypsum ya hemihydrate kandi bikongera igihe cyo kuyishyiraho. Hari ibintu byinshi bituma plaster irushaho kuvura, harimo imiterere ya plaster, ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho bya plaster mu gihe cyo gutegura ibicuruzwa, ubunini bw'uduce, igihe cyo kuyishyiraho n'agaciro ka pH k'ibikoresho byateguwe, nibindi. Buri kintu gifite ingaruka ku ngaruka zo kugabanya, bityo hari itandukaniro rinini mu mubare wa retarder mu bihe bitandukanye. Kuri ubu, retarder nziza ya gypsum mu Bushinwa ni retarder ya poroteyine yahinduwe (poroteyine nyinshi), ifite ibyiza byo kugabanuka kw'igiciro, igihe kirekire cyo kugabanya, gutakaza imbaraga nke, imiterere myiza y'ibicuruzwa, n'igihe kirekire cyo kuyifungura. Ingano ikoreshwa mu gutegura plaster ya stucco yo hasi muri rusange ni 0.06% kugeza 0.15%.
03. Agakoresho gakingira amaraso
Kwihutisha igihe cyo gukurura ururenda no kongera umuvuduko wo gukurura ururenda ni bumwe mu buryo bwo kwihutisha gukurura ururenda. Ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa mu byuma bikoresha ifu ya anhydrite birimo potasiyumu kloride, potasiyumu silicate, sulfate n'ibindi bintu bikomoka kuri aside. Igipimo muri rusange ni 0.2% kugeza 0.4%.
04. Uburyo bwo kubika amazi
Ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi by'imvange yumye ya Gypsum ntibishobora gutandukanywa n'ibintu bibika amazi. Kunoza uburyo amazi abikwa mu mvange ya Gypsum agumana amazi ni ukugira ngo amazi akomeze kuba mu mvange ya Gypsum igihe kirekire, kugira ngo amazi akomeze kuba meza. Kugira ngo hongerwe uburyo bwo kubaka ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya Gypsum, kugabanya no gukumira gutandukanya no kuva amaraso mu mvange ya Gypsum, kunoza uburyo mvange ihagarara, kongera igihe cyo gufungura, no gukemura ibibazo by'ubuhanga nko kwangirika no gupfunyika mu mazi, byose ntibishobora gutandukanywa n'ibintu bibika amazi. Niba mvange igumana amazi ari nziza biterwa ahanini no gushonga kwayo, gushonga ako kanya, ubushobozi bwo kumera neza, ubushyuhe buhamye no gukomera, muri byo ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ukugumana amazi.
Hari ubwoko bune bw'ibintu bitwara amazi:
①Ibintu bifasha mu kubika amazi mu maraso
Muri iki gihe, ikoreshwa cyane ku isoko ni hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ikurikirwa na methyl cellulose na carboxymethyl cellulose. Imikorere rusange ya hydroxypropyl methylcellulose iruta iya methylcellulose, kandi amazi yo kubika muri ibyo byombi ari menshi cyane kurusha iya carboxymethylcellulose, ariko ingaruka zo gukomera no gufatana ni mbi kurusha iya carboxymethylcellulose. Mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya gypsum byumye, ingano ya hydroxypropyl na methyl cellulose muri rusange ni 0.1% kugeza 0.3%, naho ingano ya carboxymethyl cellulose ni 0.5% kugeza 1.0%. Ingero nyinshi z'ikoreshwa zigaragaza ko ikoreshwa ry'ibyo byombi icyarimwe ari ryiza kurushaho.
② Uburyo bwo kubika amazi mu buryo bwa "starch"
Ikoreshwa cyane mu kubika amazi ya starch rikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kubika plaster ya gypsum na plaster yo hejuru, kandi rishobora gusimbura igice cyangwa byose bya cellulose. Kongeramo ifu yumye ya gypsum bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gukora, gukora no guhuza neza kw'ibinure. Ikoreshwa risanzwe rikoreshwa mu kubika amazi ya starch rigizwe na tapioca starch, ifu ya pregelatinized, ifu ya carboxymethyl, na carboxypropyl starch. Ingano y'ikoreshwa ry'ifu ishingiye kuri starch muri rusange ni 0.3% kugeza kuri 1%. Iyo ingano ari nini cyane, bizatera ubwivumbure bw'ibikomoka kuri gypsum mu kirere gishyushye, ibyo bizagira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku bwiza bw'umushinga.
③ Kole ifata amazi
Adhesive zimwe na zimwe zishobora no kugira uruhare rwiza mu kubika amazi. Urugero, 17-88, ifu ya polyvinyl alcohol 24-88, Tianqing gum na guar gum bikoreshwa mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya gypsum byumye nka gypsum, gypsum putty, na gypsum insulation glue. Bishobora kugabanya ingano ya cellulose ifata amazi. Cyane cyane muri gypsum ifata amazi vuba, ishobora gusimbura burundu cellulose ether ifata amazi mu bihe bimwe na bimwe.
④ Ibikoresho bibungabunga amazi bidakomoka ku bimera
Gukoresha ibikoresho bivangavanze n'ibindi bikoresho bibungabunga amazi mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya gypsum byumye bishobora kugabanya ingano y'ibindi bikoresho bibungabunga amazi, kugabanya ikiguzi cy'ibicuruzwa, ndetse bikagira uruhare runaka mu kunoza imikorere n'ubushobozi bwo kubaka gypsum. Ibikoresho bibungabunga amazi bidakoresha umwimerere birimo bentonite, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, zeolite powder, perlite powder, attapulgite clay, nibindi.
05.Kolesha
Gukoresha kole mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi bivanze na gypsum byumye ni ibya kabiri nyuma y'ibintu bifata amazi n'ibiyarinda. Gypsum self-leveling mortier, gypsum bonded, gypsum caulking, na gypsum insulation thermal glue byose ntibitandukanywa n'kole.
▲ Ifu ya latex ishobora kongera gushonga
Ifu ya latex ishobora guhindurwa ikoreshwa cyane mu mashini igabanya ubushyuhe ya gypsum, gypsum insulation compound, gypsum caulking putty, nibindi. Cyane cyane mu mashini igabanya ubushyuhe ya gypsum, ishobora kongera ubushyuhe n'amazi y'urusenda, ndetse ikagira uruhare runini mu kugabanya imiterere y'urusenda, kwirinda kuva amaraso, no kunoza ubudahangarwa bw'urusenda. Igipimo muri rusange ni 1.2% kugeza 2.5%.
▲ Alcohol ya polyvinyl ihita ikoreshwa
Kugeza ubu, alukolo ya polyvinyl ikoreshwa ku bwinshi ku isoko ni 24-88 na 17-88. Ikunze gukoreshwa mu bicuruzwa nka gypsum yo guhuza, putty ya gypsum, compound ya gypsum ivangavanze n'ubushyuhe, na plastering plaster. 0.4% kugeza 1.2%.
Guar gum, Tianqing gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch ether, nibindi byose ni kole ifite imikorere itandukanye yo guhuza ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya gypsum byumye.
06. Ingufu zigabanya ubukana
Gukomera ahanini ni ukugira ngo kunoze ubushobozi bwo gukora no kugwa kw'urusenda rwa gypsum, bisa n'ibirungo n'ibintu bifata amazi, ariko si byose. Bimwe mu bikoresho bigabanya ubukana bigira akamaro mu gukomera, ariko si byiza mu bijyanye n'imbaraga zifatanye no kubika amazi. Mu gukora ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya gypsum byumye, uruhare rw'ingenzi rw'ibikoresho bigabanya ubukana rugomba kwitabwaho byuzuye kugira ngo ibikoresho bigabanya ubukana bikoreshwe neza kandi mu buryo bukwiye. Ibikoresho bigabanya ubukana bikunze gukoreshwa birimo polyacrylamide, Tianqing gum, guar gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, nibindi.
07. Umukozi utanga amahugurwa yo mu kirere
Umuti utera umwuka, uzwi kandi nka "air-entraining agent", ukoreshwa cyane cyane mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya gypsum byumye nka "gypsum insulation compound" na "plaster plaster". Umuti utera umwuka (air-entraining agent) ufasha kunoza ubwubatsi, kurwanya imyakura, kurwanya ubukonje, kugabanya kuva amaraso no gutandukanya, kandi ingano muri rusange ni 0.01% kugeza 0.02%.
08. Umusemburo wo gusiba amafoto
Defoamer ikunze gukoreshwa mu ibumba rya gypsum self-leveling na gypsum caulking putty, bishobora kongera ubucucike, imbaraga, kwirinda amazi no guhuza neza kw'urusenda, kandi ingano muri rusange ni 0.02% kugeza 0.04%.
09. Umuti ugabanya amazi
Umuti ugabanya amazi ushobora kongera ubushyuhe bwa gypsum n'imbaraga z'umubiri ukomeye wa gypsum, kandi ubusanzwe ukoreshwa mu ibumba rya gypsum na plaster. Kuri ubu, imiti igabanya amazi ikorerwa mu gihugu ishyirwa ku rutonde hakurikijwe ubushyuhe n'imbaraga zayo: imiti igabanya amazi ya polycarboxylate, imiti igabanya amazi ya melamine, imiti igabanya amazi ya lignosulfonate. Mu gihe ukoresha imiti igabanya amazi mu bikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya gypsum, uretse gutekereza ku ikoreshwa ry'amazi n'imbaraga, hagomba kwitabwaho igihe cyo gushyiraho no gutakaza ubushyuhe bw'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya gypsum uko igihe kigenda gihita.
10. Uburyo bwo kwirinda amazi
Inenge ikomeye y’ibicuruzwa bya gypsum ni ukudakomeza amazi neza. Ahantu hafite ubushuhe bwinshi haba hari ibisabwa byinshi byo kudakomeza amazi bya sima ya gypsum yumye. Muri rusange, kudakomeza amazi kwa gypsum yumye birushaho kwiyongera iyo hongewemo ibivange by’amazi. Mu gihe cy’amazi atose cyangwa yuzuye, kongeramo ibivange by’amazi bishobora gutuma igipimo cyo koroshya umubiri wa gypsum yumye kigera kuri 0.7, kugira ngo huzuzwe imbaraga z’ibicuruzwa. Ibivange by’imiti bishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu kugabanya gushonga kwa gypsum (ni ukuvuga kongera igipimo cyo koroshya), kugabanya uburyo gypsum yinjizwa mu mazi (ni ukuvuga kugabanya umuvuduko wo kwinjiza amazi) no kugabanya kwangirika k’umubiri wa gypsum wumye (ni ukuvuga gutandukanya amazi). Ibikoresho bikingira amazi bya gypsum birimo ammonium borate, sodium methyl siliconate, silicone resin, emulsified paraffin wax, na silicone emulsion vivange agent birushaho kugira ingaruka nziza.
11. Imashini ikora neza
Gukoresha asiderite karemano n'ibinyabutabire bitanga ubushobozi bwo gufatana no gukomera mu gukora ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi bya gypsum byumye. Aside activator ishobora kwihutisha amazi ya gypsum ya anhydrous hakiri kare, ikagabanya igihe cyo gushyiraho, kandi ikanoza imbaraga za gypsum ya mbere. Activator y'ibanze ntacyo ikora ku muvuduko wa gypsum ya anhydrous hakiri kare, ariko ishobora kongera imbaraga za nyuma za gypsum ya gypsum, kandi ishobora kuba igice cy'ibikoresho bya hydraulic gelling mu mubiri wa gypsum ya gypsum ya gypsum, ikanoza neza ubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi mu mubiri wa gypsum ya gypsum. Ingaruka zo gukoresha aside-base compound activator ni nziza kuruta iz'aside imwe cyangwa ibanze activator. Ingufu zitera aside zirimo potasiyumu alum, sodium sulfate, potasiyumu sulfate, nibindi. Aside activators zirimo quicklime, sima, sima clinker, calcined dolomite, nibindi.
12. Amavuta yo mu bwoko bwa Thixotropic
Amavuta ya Thixotropic akoreshwa muri gypsum cyangwa plastering gypsum, ashobora kugabanya imbaraga zo gutemba kwa gypsum, kongera igihe cyo gufungura, gukumira ko slurry ikomeza no guhagarara, bityo slurry ikabasha kubona amavuta meza no gukora neza. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere y'umubiri iba imwe, kandi imbaraga z'ubuso bwayo ziyongera.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 20 Mata-2023