Kusakaniza kamodzi kokha kuli ndi zoletsa pakukweza magwiridwe antchito a gypsum slurry. Ngati magwiridwe antchito a gypsum mortar akwaniritsa zotsatira zabwino ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zosiyanasiyana, kusakaniza kwa mankhwala, kusakaniza, zodzaza, ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi kuwonjezeredwa m'njira yasayansi komanso yoyenera.
01. Wowongolera magazi
Oyang'anira kugawanika kwa madzi amagawidwa makamaka m'magulu oletsa ndi othamangitsa madzi. Mu matope osakanikirana ndi gypsum dry-mixed, oletsa madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zopangidwa ndi plaster of paris, ndipo othamangitsa madzi amafunika pazinthu zopangidwa ndi gypsum anhydrous kapena pogwiritsa ntchito gypsum dihydrate mwachindunji.
02. Wobwezera
Kuwonjezera retarder ku zipangizo zomangira zouma za gypsum kumalepheretsa njira yothira madzi ya hemihydrate gypsum ndikuwonjezera nthawi yokhazikika. Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pulasitala isamaume, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe kake ka pulasitala, kutentha kwa zinthu za pulasitala pokonzekera zinthu, kusalala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, nthawi yokhazikika ndi pH ya zinthu zokonzedwa, ndi zina zotero. Chinthu chilichonse chimakhala ndi mphamvu inayake pa zotsatira zochepetsera, kotero pali kusiyana kwakukulu pa kuchuluka kwa retarder m'mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana. Pakadali pano, retarder yabwino kwambiri ya gypsum ku China ndi retarder yosinthidwa ya protein (high protein), yomwe ili ndi ubwino wa mtengo wotsika, nthawi yayitali yochepetsera, kutayika pang'ono kwa mphamvu, kapangidwe kabwino ka zinthu, komanso nthawi yayitali yotseguka. Kuchuluka komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera pulasitala ya stucco ya pansi nthawi zambiri ndi 0.06% mpaka 0.15%.
03. Chokometsera
Kufulumizitsa nthawi yosakaniza matope ndi kutalikitsa liwiro la kusakaniza matope ndi njira imodzi yofulumizitsira kusakaniza kwa thupi. Mankhwala ophatikizana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zipangizo zomangira ufa wa anhydrite ndi monga potassium chloride, potassium silicate, sulfate ndi zinthu zina za asidi. Mlingo nthawi zambiri umakhala 0.2% mpaka 0.4%.
04. Chosungira madzi
Zipangizo zomangira za gypsum dry-mix sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi zinthu zosungira madzi. Kukweza kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amasungidwa mu gypsum product slurry ndikuwonetsetsa kuti madzi akhoza kukhalapo mu gypsum slurry kwa nthawi yayitali, kuti pakhale mphamvu yabwino yolimba ya madzi. Kuti muwongolere kapangidwe ka zipangizo zomangira za ufa wa gypsum, kuchepetsa ndikuletsa kulekanitsa ndi kutuluka kwa madzi mu gypsum slurry, kukonza kutsika kwa slurry, kutalikitsa nthawi yotsegulira, ndikuthetsa mavuto aukadaulo monga ming'alu ndi mabowo sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi zinthu zosungira madzi. Kaya chinthu chosungira madzi chili bwino chimadalira kwambiri kufalikira kwake, kusungunuka nthawi yomweyo, kupangika, kukhazikika kwa kutentha ndi kukhuthala, pakati pa zomwe chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri ndi kusunga madzi.
Pali mitundu inayi ya zinthu zosungira madzi:
①Cellulose madzi kusunga wothandizila
Pakadali pano, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika ndi hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, kutsatiridwa ndi methyl cellulose ndi carboxymethyl cellulose. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imagwira ntchito bwino kuposa methylcellulose, ndipo kusunga madzi kwa ziwirizi ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa carboxymethylcellulose, koma mphamvu yokhuthala ndi mphamvu yomangirirana zimakhala zoyipa kuposa za carboxymethylcellulose. Mu zipangizo zomangira zouma zosakanikirana ndi gypsum, kuchuluka kwa hydroxypropyl ndi methyl cellulose nthawi zambiri kumakhala 0.1% mpaka 0.3%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa carboxymethyl cellulose ndi 0.5% mpaka 1.0%. Zitsanzo zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zimatsimikizira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito pamodzi kwa ziwirizi ndikwabwino.
② Wothandizira kusunga madzi a starch
Chosungira madzi cha sitachi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa gypsum putty ndi plaster ya pamwamba, ndipo chingalowe m'malo mwa gawo kapena zonse za cellulose zomwe zimasunga madzi. Kuwonjezera chosungira madzi cha sitachi ku zipangizo zomangira ufa wouma wa gypsum kungathandize kuti slurry ikhale yogwira ntchito, yogwira ntchito, komanso yokhazikika. Zinthu zosungira madzi za sitachi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga tapioca starch, pregelatinized starch, carboxymethyl starch, ndi carboxypropyl starch. Kuchuluka kwa chosungira madzi cha sitachi nthawi zambiri kumakhala 0.3% mpaka 1%. Ngati kuchuluka kwake kuli kwakukulu, kungayambitse bowa wa zinthu za gypsum pamalo ozizira, zomwe zidzakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa polojekitiyi.
③ Guluu wosungira madzi
Ma glue ena ofulumira amathanso kugwira ntchito yabwino yosunga madzi. Mwachitsanzo, ufa wa 17-88, 24-88 polyvinyl alcohol powder, Tianqing gum ndi guar gum amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zipangizo zomangira zouma monga gypsum, gypsum putty, ndi gypsum insulation glue. Zingachepetse kuchuluka kwa cellulose water retaining agent. Makamaka mu fast-bonding gypsum, nthawi zina imatha kusintha kwathunthu cellulose ether water-retaining agent.
④ Zinthu zosungira madzi zosapangidwa ndi organic
Kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikiza zinthu zina zosungira madzi mu zipangizo zomangira zouma za gypsum kungachepetse kuchuluka kwa zinthu zina zosungira madzi, kuchepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kumathandiza kwambiri pakukonza kugwirira ntchito bwino komanso kupangika kwa gypsum slurry. Zinthu zosungira madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga bentonite, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, zeolite powder, perlite powder, attapulgite dongo, ndi zina zotero.
05.Zomatira
Kugwiritsa ntchito zomatira mu zipangizo zomangira zosakanikirana ndi gypsum ndi chinthu chachiwiri kuposa zinthu zosungira madzi ndi zoletsa madzi. Gypsum self-leveling mortar, bonded gypsum, caulking gypsum glue, ndi thermal insulation gypsum glue zonse sizingasiyanitsidwe ndi zomatira.
▲ Ufa wa latex wosungunukanso
Ufa wa latex wosungunuka umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu matope odziyimira pawokha a gypsum, gypsum insulation compound, gypsum caulking putty, ndi zina zotero. Makamaka mu matope odziyimira pawokha a gypsum, umatha kusintha kukhuthala ndi kusinthasintha kwa slurry, komanso umagwira ntchito yayikulu pochepetsa kusungunuka kwa madzi, kupewa kutuluka magazi, komanso kukonza kukana kwa ming'alu. Mlingo nthawi zambiri umakhala 1.2% mpaka 2.5%.
▲ Mowa wa polyvinyl womwe umapezeka nthawi yomweyo
Pakadali pano, mowa wa polyvinyl womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika ndi 24-88 ndi 17-88. Nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu monga bonding gypsum, gypsum putty, gypsum composite thermal insulation compound, ndi plaster plaster. 0.4% mpaka 1.2%.
Guar gum, Tianqing gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch ether, ndi zina zotero ndi zomatira zomwe zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zomangira mu zipangizo zomangira zouma zopangidwa ndi gypsum.
06. Chokhuthala
Kukhuthala makamaka ndiko kupititsa patsogolo kugwira ntchito ndi kutsika kwa gypsum slurry, komwe kuli kofanana ndi zomatira ndi zinthu zosungira madzi, koma osati kwathunthu. Zinthu zina zokhuthala zimathandiza kwambiri pakukhuthala, koma sizoyenera pankhani ya mphamvu yogwirizana komanso kusunga madzi. Popanga zipangizo zomangira ufa wouma wa gypsum, ntchito yayikulu ya zosakaniza iyenera kuganiziridwa mokwanira kuti mugwiritse ntchito zosakaniza bwino komanso moyenera. Zinthu zokhuthala zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga polyacrylamide, Tianqing gum, guar gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, ndi zina zotero.
07. Wothandizira mpweya
Chogwiritsira ntchito mpweya, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chogwiritsira ntchito thovu, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zipangizo zomangira zouma monga gypsum insulation compound ndi plaster plaster. Chogwiritsira ntchito mpweya (chogwiritsira ntchito thovu) chimathandiza kukonza zomangamanga, kukana ming'alu, kukana chisanu, kuchepetsa kutuluka magazi ndi kulekanitsa, ndipo mlingo nthawi zambiri umakhala 0.01% mpaka 0.02%.
08. Chotsukira tsitsi
Defoamer nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gypsum self-leveling mortar ndi gypsum caulking putty, zomwe zimatha kuwonjezera kuchulukana, mphamvu, kukana madzi ndi mgwirizano wa slurry, ndipo mlingo nthawi zambiri umakhala 0.02% mpaka 0.04%.
09. Chochepetsera madzi
Chochepetsera madzi chimatha kuwonjezera kusinthasintha kwa madzi a gypsum slurry ndi mphamvu ya thupi lolimba la gypsum, ndipo nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope odziyimira pawokha a gypsum ndi plaster plaster. Pakadali pano, zochepetsera madzi zopangidwa m'nyumba zimayikidwa m'magulu malinga ndi kusinthasintha kwawo ndi mphamvu zawo: zochepetsera madzi zochepetsedwa ndi polycarboxylate, zochepetsera madzi zochepetsedwa ndi melamine, zochepetsera madzi zochepetsedwa ndi mphamvu zochokera ku tiyi, ndi zochepetsera madzi za lignosulfonate. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zochepetsera madzi mu zipangizo zomangira za gypsum dry-mix, kuwonjezera pa kuganizira momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito komanso mphamvu zake, chisamaliro chiyeneranso kuperekedwa pa nthawi yokhazikitsa ndi kutayika kwa madzi kwa zipangizo zomangira za gypsum pakapita nthawi.
10. Choletsa madzi
Vuto lalikulu la zinthu zopangidwa ndi gypsum ndi kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa madzi. Malo omwe ali ndi chinyezi chambiri amakhala ndi zofunikira kwambiri pakukana madzi kwa matope osakanikirana ndi gypsum. Kawirikawiri, kukana madzi kwa gypsum yolimba kumawonjezeka powonjezera zosakaniza za hydraulic. Pankhani ya madzi onyowa kapena okhuta, kuwonjezera kwa zosakaniza za hydraulic kungapangitse kuti coefficient yofewa ya gypsum yolimba ifike pa 0.7, kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira za mphamvu ya mankhwala. Zosakaniza za mankhwala zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchepetsa kusungunuka kwa gypsum (ndiko kuti, kuwonjezera coefficient yofewa), kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa gypsum ku madzi (ndiko kuti, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa kwa madzi) ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa gypsum yolimba (ndiko kuti, kudzipatula kwa madzi). Zosakaniza zothirira madzi za gypsum zimaphatikizapo ammonium borate, sodium methyl siliconate, silicone resin, emulsified paraffin wax, ndi silicone emulsion wax yothirira madzi ndi zotsatira zabwino.
11. Cholimbikitsa chogwira ntchito
Kuyambitsa ma anhydrite achilengedwe ndi mankhwala kumapatsa mphamvu yomatira komanso mphamvu popanga zipangizo zomangira za gypsum dry-mix. Choyambitsa asidi chimatha kufulumizitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi a gypsum anhydrous, kufupikitsa nthawi yokhazikitsa, ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya thupi lolimba la gypsum. Choyambitsa choyambirira sichikhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi a gypsum anhydrous, koma chingathandize kwambiri mphamvu ya thupi lolimba la gypsum, ndipo chingakhale gawo la zinthu zopangira ma hydraulic gelling m'thupi lolimba la gypsum, zomwe zimathandiza kuti thupi lolimba la gypsum likhale lolimba. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa choyambitsa acid-base compound ndikwabwino kuposa kwa choyambitsa chimodzi cha acidic kapena basic. Zoyambitsa asidi zimaphatikizapo potassium alum, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, ndi zina zotero. Zoyambitsa alkaline zimaphatikizapo quicklime, simenti, simenti clinker, calcined dolomite, ndi zina zotero.
12. Mafuta odzola a Thixotropic
Mafuta odzola a Thixotropic amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu gypsum yodzipangira yokha kapena plastering gypsum, zomwe zimachepetsa kukana kwa madzi a gypsum mortar, kutalikitsa nthawi yotseguka, kuletsa kuyika ndi kukhazikika kwa slurry, kotero kuti slurry ikhoza kupeza mafuta abwino komanso kugwira ntchito bwino. Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe ka thupi kamakhala kofanana, ndipo mphamvu yake pamwamba imawonjezeka.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-20-2023