Ib qho tshuaj sib xyaw muaj qhov txwv hauv kev txhim kho kev ua tau zoo ntawm gypsum slurry. Yog tias kev ua tau zoo ntawm gypsum mortar yog kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua tau raws li cov kev cai thov sib txawv, cov tshuaj sib xyaw, cov tshuaj sib xyaw, cov khoom sau, thiab ntau yam ntaub ntawv yuav tsum tau sib xyaw thiab ua kom tiav raws li kev tshawb fawb thiab tsim nyog.
01. Tus tswj kev coagulation
Cov tshuaj tswj kev coagulation feem ntau yog muab faib ua cov retarders thiab accelerators. Hauv gypsum qhuav-mixed mortar, retarders yog siv rau cov khoom npaj nrog plaster ntawm paris, thiab accelerators yog qhov xav tau rau cov khoom npaj nrog anhydrous gypsum lossis ncaj qha siv dihydrate gypsum.
02. Tshuaj tiv thaiv kev laus
Ntxiv cov tshuaj retarder rau hauv cov khoom siv gypsum qhuav sib xyaw ua rau cov txheej txheem hydration ntawm hemihydrate gypsum tsis ua haujlwm thiab ua rau lub sijhawm teeb tsa ntev dua. Muaj ntau yam mob rau kev hydration ntawm plaster, suav nrog cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm plaster, qhov kub ntawm cov khoom siv plaster thaum npaj cov khoom, qhov zoo ntawm cov khoom me me, lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab tus nqi pH ntawm cov khoom npaj, thiab lwm yam. Txhua yam muaj qee yam cuam tshuam rau qhov cuam tshuam retarding, yog li muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm cov tshuaj retarder hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj retarder zoo dua rau gypsum hauv Suav teb yog cov tshuaj retarder protein hloov kho (protein siab), uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm tus nqi qis, lub sijhawm retardation ntev, kev poob zog me me, kev tsim khoom zoo, thiab lub sijhawm qhib ntev. Tus nqi siv hauv kev npaj cov plaster stucco hauv qab feem ntau yog 0.06% txog 0.15%.
03. Cov tshuaj ua kom khov
Ua kom lub sijhawm sib xyaw ua kom cov slurry sai dua thiab ua kom lub sijhawm sib xyaw ua kom cov slurry ntev dua yog ib txoj hauv kev los ua kom cov coagulation sai dua. Cov tshuaj coagulants uas siv ntau hauv cov khoom siv ua hmoov anhydrite suav nrog potassium chloride, potassium silicate, sulfate thiab lwm yam kua qaub. Feem ntau cov tshuaj yog 0.2% txog 0.4%.
04. Tus neeg sawv cev khaws dej
Cov khoom siv ua vaj tse gypsum qhuav sib xyaw ua ke tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev uas khaws dej. Kev txhim kho qhov ceev ntawm kev khaws dej ntawm cov khoom gypsum slurry yog kom ntseeg tau tias dej tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov slurry gypsum ntev, kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua kom tawv. Txhawm rau txhim kho kev tsim kho ntawm cov khoom siv ua vaj tse hmoov gypsum, txo thiab tiv thaiv kev sib cais thiab kev ntws ntawm cov slurry gypsum, txhim kho qhov sagging ntawm slurry, ntev lub sijhawm qhib, thiab daws cov teeb meem zoo ntawm kev tsim kho xws li kev tawg thiab hollowing yog txhua yam tsis tuaj yeem sib cais los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev khaws dej. Seb tus neeg sawv cev khaws dej puas zoo tagnrho nyob ntawm nws qhov kev sib kis, kev yaj sai, pwm, thermal stability thiab cov khoom tuab, ntawm cov ntsuas tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog kev khaws dej.
Muaj plaub hom tshuaj uas tuav dej tau:
①Cellulosic dej tuav tus neeg sawv cev
Tam sim no, cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws hauv kev ua lag luam yog hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ua raws li methyl cellulose thiab carboxymethyl cellulose. Kev ua tau zoo tag nrho ntawm hydroxypropyl methylcellulose zoo dua li ntawm methylcellulose, thiab kev khaws dej ntawm ob qho tib si siab dua li ntawm carboxymethylcellulose, tab sis qhov cuam tshuam thickening thiab kev sib txuas lus tsis zoo dua li ntawm carboxymethylcellulose. Hauv gypsum qhuav-mixed cov ntaub ntawv tsev, qhov ntau ntawm hydroxypropyl thiab methyl cellulose feem ntau yog 0.1% txog 0.3%, thiab qhov ntau ntawm carboxymethyl cellulose yog 0.5% txog 1.0%. Muaj ntau cov piv txwv ntawm daim ntawv thov ua pov thawj tias kev siv ua ke ntawm ob qho tib si zoo dua.
② Tus neeg sawv cev khaws dej hmoov txhuv nplej siab
Cov tshuaj uas khaws dej ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej feem ntau yog siv rau cov gypsum putty thiab cov plaster plaster saum npoo av, thiab tuaj yeem hloov ib feem lossis tag nrho cov tshuaj cellulose uas khaws dej. Ntxiv cov tshuaj uas khaws dej ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej rau hauv cov khoom siv gypsum hmoov qhuav tuaj yeem txhim kho kev ua haujlwm, kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, thiab kev sib xws ntawm cov slurry. Cov tshuaj uas khaws dej ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej feem ntau suav nrog cov hmoov txhuv nplej tapioca, cov hmoov txhuv nplej pregelatinized, cov hmoov txhuv nplej carboxymethyl, thiab cov hmoov txhuv nplej carboxypropyl. Cov tshuaj uas khaws dej ntawm cov hmoov txhuv nplej feem ntau yog 0.3% txog 1%. Yog tias cov tshuaj ntau dhau, nws yuav ua rau cov khoom gypsum tsis khov hauv qhov chaw noo noo, uas yuav cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau qhov zoo ntawm qhov project.
③ Cov kua nplaum uas tuav dej
Qee cov nplaum uas siv tau sai kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm khaws dej tau zoo dua. Piv txwv li, 17-88, 24-88 polyvinyl cawv hmoov, Tianqing gum thiab guar gum yog siv rau hauv gypsum qhuav-mixed cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho xws li gypsum, gypsum putty, thiab gypsum rwb thaiv tsev kua nplaum. Yuav txo tau cov cellulose dej tuav tus neeg sawv cev. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv gypsum-fast-bonding, nws tuaj yeem hloov tag nrho cov cellulose ether dej tuav tus neeg sawv cev hauv qee kis.
④ Cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia dej tsis muaj organic
Kev siv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lwm cov khoom siv khaws dej hauv cov khoom siv gypsum qhuav sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem txo cov khoom siv khaws dej, txo cov nqi khoom, thiab tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho kev ua haujlwm thiab kev tsim kho ntawm gypsum slurry. Cov khoom siv khaws dej inorganic feem ntau suav nrog bentonite, kaolin, diatomaceous earth, zeolite hmoov, perlite hmoov, attapulgite av nplaum, thiab lwm yam.
05.Cov nplaum
Kev siv cov nplaum rau hauv cov khoom siv gypsum qhuav sib xyaw ua ke yog qhov thib ob tom qab cov neeg sawv cev uas tuav dej thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Gypsum self-leveling mortar, bonded gypsum, caulking gypsum, thiab thermal insulation gypsum kua nplaum yog cov khoom sib cais tsis tau ntawm cov nplaum.
▲ Cov hmoov latex uas yaj tau dua tshiab
Cov hmoov latex uas tawg tau dua yog siv dav hauv gypsum self-leveling mortar, gypsum insulation compound, gypsum caulking putty, thiab lwm yam. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv gypsum self-leveling mortar, nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov viscosity thiab fluidity ntawm cov slurry, thiab tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txo qhov delamination, zam kev los ntshav, thiab txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab nrib pleb. Qhov ntau npaum li cas feem ntau yog 1.2% txog 2.5%.
▲ Cawv polyvinyl tam sim ntawd
Tam sim no, cov cawv polyvinyl uas siv ntau heev hauv kev ua lag luam yog 24-88 thiab 17-88. Nws feem ntau siv rau hauv cov khoom xws li kev sib txuas gypsum, gypsum putty, gypsum composite thermal insulation compound, thiab plastering plaster. 0.4% txog 1.2%.
Cov roj hmab Guar, Tianqing roj hmab, carboxymethyl cellulose, starch ether, thiab lwm yam yog cov nplaum uas muaj cov haujlwm sib txuas sib txawv hauv gypsum qhuav-mixed cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho.
06. Tshuaj ua kom tuab
Kev ua kom tuab yog feem ntau yog los txhim kho qhov ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab sagging ntawm gypsum slurry, uas zoo ib yam li cov nplaum thiab cov neeg sawv cev khaws dej, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho. Qee cov khoom thickener muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua kom tuab, tab sis tsis zoo tagnrho hauv cov nqe lus ntawm lub zog sib koom ua ke thiab kev khaws dej. Thaum tsim cov hmoov qhuav gypsum cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho, lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov admixtures yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab tag nrho kom siv cov admixtures zoo dua thiab tsim nyog dua. Cov khoom thickener feem ntau siv suav nrog polyacrylamide, Tianqing gum, guar gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, thiab lwm yam.
07. Tus neeg sawv cev rau cua nkag
Tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej, tseem hu ua tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej, feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke ntawm gypsum xws li cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev gypsum thiab plaster plaster. Tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej (tus neeg sawv cev ua npuas dej) pab txhim kho kev tsim kho, tiv taus kev tawg, tiv taus te, txo kev los ntshav thiab kev sib cais, thiab qhov ntau npaum li cas feem ntau yog 0.01% txog 0.02%.
08. Tshuaj ua npuas ncauj
Cov tshuaj defoamer feem ntau siv rau hauv gypsum self-leveling mortar thiab gypsum caulking putty, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov ceev, lub zog, dej tsis kam thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov slurry, thiab cov koob tshuaj feem ntau yog 0.02% txog 0.04%.
09. Tus neeg sawv cev txo dej
Cov tshuaj txo dej tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov fluidity ntawm gypsum slurry thiab lub zog ntawm gypsum hardened lub cev, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv gypsum self-leveling mortar thiab plaster plaster. Tam sim no, cov tshuaj txo dej tsim hauv tsev raug xaiv raws li lawv cov teebmeem fluidity thiab lub zog: polycarboxylate retarded water reducers, melamine high-efficiency water reducers, tshuaj yej-based high-efficiency retarded water reducers, thiab lignosulfonate water reducers. Thaum siv cov tshuaj txo dej hauv gypsum qhuav-mix cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho, ntxiv rau kev xav txog kev siv dej thiab lub zog, yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub sijhawm teeb tsa thiab fluidity poob ntawm gypsum cov ntaub ntawv tsim kho raws sijhawm.
10. Tus neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv dej
Qhov tsis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom gypsum yog qhov tsis zoo tiv taus dej. Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj huab cua noo siab muaj qhov xav tau ntau dua rau kev tiv taus dej ntawm gypsum qhuav-mixed mortar. Feem ntau, qhov tsis kam dej ntawm cov gypsum tawv tau txhim kho los ntawm kev ntxiv cov hydraulic admixtures. Hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov dej ntub lossis dej saturated, kev ntxiv sab nraud ntawm cov hydraulic admixtures tuaj yeem ua rau cov coefficient softening ntawm gypsum hardened lub cev ncav cuag ntau dua 0.7, yog li ua tau raws li cov khoom xav tau lub zog. Cov tshuaj admixtures kuj tseem siv tau los txo qhov solubility ntawm gypsum (uas yog, nce cov coefficient softening), txo qhov adsorption ntawm gypsum rau dej (uas yog, txo qhov nqus dej) thiab txo qhov erosion ntawm gypsum hardened lub cev (uas yog, kev rho tawm dej). Cov neeg sawv cev tiv thaiv dej gypsum suav nrog ammonium borate, sodium methyl siliconate, silicone resin, emulsified paraffin wax, thiab silicone emulsion waterproofing agent nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
11. Lub zog ua kom muaj zog
Kev ua kom cov anhydrites ntuj thiab tshuaj lom neeg ua rau muaj kev nplaum thiab lub zog rau kev tsim cov khoom siv hauv tsev gypsum qhuav. Tus neeg ua kom muaj kua qaub tuaj yeem ua kom cov gypsum anhydrous hydration sai dua, ua kom lub sijhawm teeb tsa luv dua, thiab txhim kho lub zog thaum ntxov ntawm lub cev gypsum hardened. Tus neeg ua kom yooj yim tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev ntawm cov gypsum anhydrous hydration thaum ntxov, tab sis nws tuaj yeem txhim kho lub zog tom qab ntawm lub cev gypsum hardened, thiab tuaj yeem ua ib feem ntawm cov khoom siv hydraulic gelling hauv lub cev gypsum hardened, ua kom zoo dua qhov tsis kam dej ntawm lub cev gypsum hardened. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj ua kom muaj kua qaub-puag zoo dua li cov tshuaj ua kom muaj kua qaub lossis kua qaub. Cov tshuaj ua kom muaj kua qaub suav nrog potassium alum, sodium sulfate, potassium sulfate, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj ua kom muaj kua qaub suav nrog quicklime, cement, cement clinker, calcined dolomite, thiab lwm yam.
12. Thixotropic roj nplua nyeem
Cov roj nplua nyeem thixotropic siv rau hauv kev ua gypsum lossis plastering gypsum, uas tuaj yeem txo qhov tsis kam ntawm cov dej ntws ntawm gypsum mortar, ua kom lub sijhawm qhib ntev dua, tiv thaiv kev sib sau ua ke thiab kev sib sau ua ke ntawm slurry, kom cov slurry tuaj yeem tau txais kev nplua zoo thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Tib lub sijhawm, cov qauv lub cev yog sib xws, thiab nws lub zog ntawm qhov chaw nce ntxiv.
Lub sijhawm tshaj tawm: Plaub Hlis-20-2023