He iti noa ngā herenga o te ranunga kotahi ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a te paru gypsum. Mēnā e hiahia ana te mahi a te moata gypsum kia pai ai ngā hua, kia tutuki ai hoki ngā whakaritenga tono rerekē, me whakaranu, me whakakī hoki ngā ranunga matū, ngā ranunga tāpiri, ngā whakakī, me ngā momo rauemi i runga i te huarahi pūtaiao me te whai take.
01. Kaiwhakahaere toto totoka
Ko ngā kaiwhakahaere whakapūmau te nuinga o te wā ka wehea ki ngā mea whakaroa me ngā mea whakateretere. I roto i te moata maroke-whakaranu gypsum, ka whakamahia ngā mea whakateretere mō ngā hua i hangaia ki te plaster of Paris, ā, me whakamahi ngā whakateretere mō ngā hua i hangaia ki te gypsum korewai, ki te gypsum dihydrate rānei.
02. Whakaroa
Mā te tāpiri i te aukati ki ngā rauemi hanga maroke-whakaranu gypsum ka aukati i te tukanga whakamakuku o te gypsum hemihydrate, ā, ka roa ake te wā whakatō. He maha ngā āhuatanga mō te whakamakuku o te pāreti, tae atu ki te hanganga āhua o te pāreti, te pāmahana o te rauemi pāreti i te wā e whakarite ana i ngā hua, te matotoru o te matūriki, te wā whakatō me te uara pH o ngā hua kua oti te whakarite, me ētahi atu. He pānga motuhake tō ia āhuatanga ki te pānga aukati, nō reira he rerekētanga nui te nui o te aukati i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. I tēnei wā, ko te aukati pai ake mō te gypsum i Haina ko te aukati pūmua whakarerekētia (pūmua nui), he iti te utu, he roa te wā whakatō, he iti te ngaronga kaha, he pai te hanganga hua, me te roa o te wā tuwhera. Ko te nui e whakamahia ana i roto i te whakarite i te pāreti stucco paparanga-raro ko te 0.06% ki te 0.15%.
03. Kaiwhakakorikori
Ko te whakateretere i te wā whakaoho i te parapara me te whakaroa i te tere whakaoho i te parapara tētahi o ngā tikanga mō te whakateretere i te totoka ā-tinana. Ko ngā matū whakaoho e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā rauemi hanga paura anhydrite ko te pāhare pākawa waro, te pāhare pākawa waro silicate, te whanariki me ētahi atu matū waikawa. Ko te horopeta he 0.2% ki te 0.4%.
04. Kaihoko pupuri wai
Kāore e taea te wehewehe i ngā rauemi hanga ranunga maroke gypsum me ngā mea pupuri wai. Ko te whakapai ake i te tere pupuri wai o te paru hua gypsum kia roa ai te noho o te wai i roto i te paru gypsum, kia pai ai te pānga whakapakeke o te wai. Hei whakapai ake i te hanganga o ngā rauemi hanga paura gypsum, te whakaiti me te ārai i te wehewehe me te toto o te paru gypsum, te whakapai ake i te totohu o te paru, te whakaroa i te wā whakatuwheratanga, me te whakaoti i ngā raruraru kounga hangarau pēnei i te ngatata me te poka, he mea tino kore e taea te wehewehe i ngā mea pupuri wai. Ko te pai o te mea pupuri wai e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna marara, tōna wairewa tere, tōna ngāwari ki te pokepoke, tōna pumau wera me tōna āhuatanga matotoru, ko te mea nui ko te pupuri wai.
E whā ngā momo matū pupuri wai:
①Kaihoko pupuri wai pūtau
I tēnei wā, ko te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i te mākete ko te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, ā, ko te methyl cellulose me te carboxymethyl cellulose te mea e whai ake nei. He pai ake te mahi whānui o te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i te methylcellulose, ā, he nui ake te pupuri wai o ngā mea e rua i te carboxymethylcellulose, engari he kino ake te pānga matotoru me te pānga here i te carboxymethylcellulose. I roto i ngā rauemi hanga whare maroke-whakaranu gypsum, ko te nui o te hydroxypropyl me te methyl cellulose he 0.1% ki te 0.3% te nuinga, ā, ko te nui o te carboxymethyl cellulose he 0.5% ki te 1.0%. He maha ngā tauira tono e whakaatu ana he pai ake te whakamahinga ngātahi o ngā mea e rua.
② He matū pupuri wai māngaro
Ko te matū pupuri wai māngaro te mea e whakamahia nuitia ana mō te putty gypsum me te plaster mata, ā, ka taea te whakakapi i tētahi wāhanga, i te katoa rānei o te matū pupuri wai cellulose. Mā te tāpiri i te matū pupuri wai māngaro ki ngā rauemi hanga paura maroke gypsum ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi, te mahi, me te ōritetanga o te paru. Ko ngā matū pupuri wai māngaro e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te māngaro tapioca, te māngaro pregelatinized, te māngaro carboxymethyl, me te māngaro carboxypropyl. Ko te nui o te matū pupuri wai māngaro he 0.3% ki te 1%. Mena he nui rawa te nui, ka puta he harore o ngā hua gypsum i roto i te taiao makuku, ka pā tika ki te kounga o te kaupapa.
③ He mea pupuri wai ā-piri
Ka taea hoki e ētahi piripiri inamata te pupuri i te wai. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia te paura waipiro polyvinyl 17-88, 24-88, te kapia Tianqing me te kapia guar i roto i ngā rauemi hanga whare maroke-whakaranu gypsum pērā i te gypsum, te putty gypsum, me te kāpia whakamahana gypsum. Ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te kaihoko pupuri wai cellulose. Ina koa i roto i te gypsum piri tere, ka taea e ia te whakakapi katoa i te kaihoko pupuri wai cellulose ether i ētahi wā.
④ Ngā rauemi pupuri wai kore-waro
Mā te whakaranu i ētahi atu rauemi pupuri wai ki roto i ngā rauemi hanga maroke-whakaranu gypsum ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o ētahi atu rauemi pupuri wai, te whakaiti i ngā utu hua, ā, ka whai wāhi anō hoki ki te whakapai ake i te mahi me te hanganga o te paru gypsum. Ko ngā rauemi pupuri wai kore-waro e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te bentonite, te kaolin, te oneone diatomaceous, te paura zeolite, te paura perlite, te uku attapulgite, me ētahi atu.
05.Piripiri
Ko te whakamahinga o ngā piripiri i roto i ngā rauemi hanga whare maroke-whakaranu gypsum te tuarua o ngā mea pupuri wai me ngā mea whakaroa. Ko te moata whakaōrite-ake gypsum, te gypsum piri, te gypsum whakapiri, me te kāpia gypsum whakamahana, kāore e taea te wehe i ngā piripiri.
▲ Paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō i roto i te moata whakaōrite-ake o te gypsum, te matū whakamahana gypsum, te putty whakapiri gypsum, me ētahi atu. Ina koa i roto i te moata whakaōrite-ake o te gypsum, ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te matotoru me te rere o te paru, ā, he mahi nui anō hoki ki te whakaiti i te wehewehe, te karo i te toto, me te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te pakaru. Ko te horopeta he 1.2% ki te 2.5%.
▲ Waipiro polyvinyl inamata
I tēnei wā, ko te waipiro polyvinyl inamata e whakamahia nuitia ana i te mākete ko te 24-88 me te 17-88. He maha ngā wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hua pēnei i te gypsum bonding, te gypsum putty, te gypsum composite thermal insulation compound, me te plastering plaster. 0.4% ki te 1.2%.
He piripiri te kāpia kuāra, te kāpia Tianqing, te carboxymethyl cellulose, te māngaro ether, me ētahi atu, ā, he rerekē ngā mahi here i roto i ngā rauemi hanga gypsum maroke-ranu.
06. Whakamātotoru
Ko te whakamātotoru te kaupapa matua hei whakapai ake i te mahi me te whakaheke o te paru gypsum, he rite ki ngā piripiri me ngā kaihoko pupuri wai, engari kāore i te tino whai hua. He whai hua ētahi hua whakamātotoru ki te whakamātotoru, engari kāore i te tino pai mō te kaha piri me te pupuri wai. I te wā e hanga ana i ngā rauemi hanga paura maroke gypsum, me whai whakaaro nui ki te mahi matua o ngā tāpiringa kia pai ake ai te tono i ngā tāpiringa me te tika ake. Ko ngā hua whakamātotoru e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te polyacrylamide, te Tianqing gum, te guar gum, te carboxymethyl cellulose, me ētahi atu.
07. Kaihoko whakauru hau
Ko te kaihopu hau, e mōhiotia ana ko te kaihopu pahuka, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rauemi hanga maroke-whakaranu gypsum pērā i te matū whakamahana gypsum me te pāreti. Ka āwhina te kaihopu hau (kaihopu pahuka) ki te whakapai ake i te hanganga, te ātete ki ngā pakaru, te ātete ki te huka, te whakaiti i te toto me te wehewehe, ā, ko te horopeta he 0.01% ki te 0.02%.
08. Kaiwhakakore Huka
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te defoamer i roto i te moata whakaōrite-whaiaro gypsum me te putty caulking gypsum, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kiato, te kaha, te ātete wai me te piripono o te paru, ā, ko te horopeta he 0.02% ki te 0.04%.
09. Kaiwhakaiti wai
Ka taea e te kaiāwhina whakaiti wai te whakapai ake i te rere o te paru gypsum me te kaha o te tinana gypsum kua whakapakeketia, ā, e whakamahia ana i roto i te moata taurite-ake gypsum me te pāreti. I tēnei wā, ko ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai i hangaia i te motu kua whakarōpūtia kia rite ki ō rātou pānga rere me te kaha: ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai polycarboxylate-retained, ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai melamine-teitei, ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai-teitei-te-pai-tī-hangai, me ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai lignosulfonate. I te whakamahi i ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai i roto i ngā rauemi hanga gypsum maroke, hei tāpiri atu ki te whakaaro ki te whakamahinga wai me te kaha, me aro hoki ki te wā whakatakoto me te ngaronga rere o ngā rauemi hanga gypsum i roto i te wā.
10. Kaiwhakamarumaru ā-wai
Ko te hapa nui o ngā hua gypsum ko te ātete wai kore. Ko ngā wāhi he nui te haumākū o te hau, he nui ake ngā whakaritenga mō te ātete wai o te gypsum maroke-ranu. Ko te tikanga, ka whakapai ake te ātete wai o te gypsum whakapakeke mā te tāpiri i ngā ranunga waipēhi. Mēnā he wai mākū, he wai mākū rānei, mā te tāpiri i ngā ranunga waipēhi ki waho ka taea te whakanui ake i te tauwehenga whakangawari o te tinana gypsum whakapakeke ki te 0.7, kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga kaha o te hua. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā ranunga matū hei whakaiti i te wairewa o te gypsum (arā, te whakanui ake i te tauwehenga whakangawari), te whakaiti i te mimiti o te gypsum ki te wai (arā, te whakaiti i te tere mimiti wai) me te whakaiti i te memeha o te tinana gypsum whakapakeke (arā, te wehenga wai). Ko ngā kaihoko ārai wai gypsum ko te ammonium borate, te sodium methyl siliconate, te silicone resin, te ware paraffin emulsified, me te kaihoko ārai wai silicone emulsion me te pānga pai ake.
11. Whakaohooho kaha
Mā te whakahohenga o ngā anhydrite taiao me ngā anhydrite matū ka piri, ka kaha hoki te hanga rauemi hanga gypsum maroke. Ka taea e te kaiwhakaoho waikawa te whakatere i te tere o te whakamakuku wawe o te gypsum kore wai, te whakapoto i te wā whakatakoto, me te whakapai ake i te kaha wawe o te tinana gypsum whakapakeke. He iti noa te pānga o te kaiwhakaoho taketake ki te tere o te whakamakuku wawe o te gypsum kore wai, engari ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te kaha o muri mai o te tinana gypsum whakapakeke, ā, ka taea te whakauru i te rauemi whakapūkara wai i roto i te tinana gypsum whakapakeke, ka whakapai ake i te ātete wai o te tinana gypsum whakapakeke. He pai ake te pānga o te kaiwhakaoho matū waikawa-pūtake i te kaiwhakaoho waikawa kotahi, taketake rānei. Ko ngā mea whakaoho waikawa ko te konutai pāhare pākawa, te konutai whanariki, te konutai whanariki, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā mea whakaoho kawakore ko te raima tere, te sima, te sima klinker, te dolomite kua whakakōhuatia, me ētahi atu.
12. Hinu whakahinuhinu Thixotropic
Ka whakamahia ngā hinu whakahinuhinu thixotropic i roto i te gypsum whakataurite-ake, i te gypsum whakapūtā rānei, ka taea te whakaiti i te ātete rere o te moata gypsum, te whakaroa i te wā tuwhera, te aukati i te paparanga me te taunga o te paru, kia pai ai te whakahinuhinu me te ngāwari o te mahi a te paru. I taua wā anō, ka ōrite te hanganga o te tinana, ā, ka kaha ake te kaha o tōna mata.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-20-2023