Kusanthula kwa zomwe zimayambitsa ming'alu ya plaster ya gypsum
1. Kusanthula chifukwa cha kupaka pulasitala zipangizo zopangira gypsum
a) Pulasitiki yomanga yosayenerera
Gypsum yomanga imakhala ndi gypsum yambiri ya dihydrate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti gypsum yopaka pulasitiki ikhale yolimba mwachangu. Kuti gypsum yopaka pulasitiki ikhale ndi nthawi yoyenera yotsegulira, retarder yambiri iyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti zinthu ziipireipire; gypsum yosungunuka yopanda madzi mu gypsum yomanga AIII Kukula kwakukulu kwa AIII kumakhala kolimba kuposa gypsum ya β-hemihydrate mu gawo lotsatira, ndipo kusintha kwa voliyumu ya gypsum yopaka pulasitiki sikufanana panthawi yokonza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ming'alu ikule kwambiri; kuchuluka kwa gypsum ya β-hemihydrate yochiritsidwa mu gypsum yomanga ndi kochepa, ndipo ngakhale kuchuluka konse kwa calcium sulfate ndi kochepa; Gypsum yomanga imachokera ku gypsum ya mankhwala, kupyapyala kwake ndi kochepa, ndipo pali ufa wambiri woposa ma mesh 400; kukula kwa tinthu ta gypsum yomanga ndi imodzi ndipo palibe gradation.
b) Zowonjezera zosakwanira
Sili mkati mwa pH yogwira ntchito kwambiri ya retarder; mphamvu ya gel ya retarder ndi yochepa, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ndi kwakukulu, mphamvu ya plastering gypsum yachepa kwambiri, nthawi pakati pa nthawi yoyambira kukhazikitsa ndi nthawi yomaliza kukhazikitsa ndi yayitali; kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira a cellulose ether ndi kochepa, kutaya madzi kumachepa mwachangu; cellulose ether imasungunuka pang'onopang'ono, sikoyenera kupopera ndi makina.
Yankho:
a) Sankhani gypsum yomanga yoyenerera komanso yokhazikika, nthawi yoyamba yokhazikitsa ndi yoposa mphindi 3, ndipo mphamvu yopindika ndi yoposa 3MPa.
b) Sankhaniether ya celluloseyokhala ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yosungira madzi.
c) Sankhani chida chobwezera chomwe sichikhudza kwambiri momwe gypsum imakhalira.
2. Kusanthula chifukwa cha ogwira ntchito yomanga
a) Kontrakitala wa polojekiti amalemba anthu ntchito omwe alibe luso lomanga ndipo sachita maphunziro oyambitsa ntchito mwadongosolo. Ogwira ntchito yomangayo sanadziwe bwino makhalidwe oyambira ndi zofunikira pakupanga pulasitala wa gypsum, ndipo sangathe kugwira ntchito motsatira malamulo omanga.
b) Kasamalidwe kaukadaulo ndi kasamalidwe kabwino ka gawo lopanga makontrakitala ndi kofooka, palibe ogwira ntchito oyang'anira pamalo omanga, ndipo ntchito zosatsatira malamulo za ogwira ntchito sizingakonzedwe pakapita nthawi;
c) Ntchito zambiri zopaka pulasitala ndi gypsum zomwe zilipo ndi ntchito yoyeretsa, kuyang'ana kwambiri kuchuluka ndi kunyalanyaza ubwino.
Yankho:
a) Okonza mapulani a polojekiti amalimbitsa maphunziro antchito ndikuchita kuulula zaukadaulo asanamangidwe.
b) Kulimbitsa kasamalidwe ka malo omangira.
3. Kusanthula chifukwa cha pulasitala wopaka
a) Mphamvu yomaliza ya plaster gypsum ndi yochepa ndipo singathe kupirira kupsinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kutayika kwa madzi; mphamvu yochepa ya plaster gypsum imachitika chifukwa cha zipangizo zopangira zosakwanira kapena njira yosamveka bwino.
b) Kukana kwa plaster gypsum sikukwanira, ndipo plaster gypsum imasonkhana pansi, ndipo makulidwe ake ndi akulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ming'alu yopingasa.
c) Nthawi yosakaniza matope a gypsum ndi yochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope asakanizidwe mofanana, mphamvu yochepa, kuchepa komanso kufalikira kosagwirizana kwa matope a gypsum.
d) Chomangira cha gypsum chomwe chinayikidwa poyamba chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito mutawonjezera madzi.
Yankho:
a) Gwiritsani ntchito gypsum yopaka pulasitala yoyenerera, yomwe ikukwaniritsa zofunikira za GB/T28627-2012.
b) Gwiritsani ntchito zida zosakaniza zofanana kuti muwonetsetse kuti plastering gypsum ndi madzi zisakanikirane mofanana.
c) N'koletsedwa kuwonjezera madzi ku matope omwe adayikidwa poyamba, kenako ndikugwiritsanso ntchito
4. Kusanthula chifukwa cha zinthu zoyambira
a) Pakadali pano, zipangizo zatsopano za pakhoma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga makoma a nyumba zomangidwa kale, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kuuma kwawo kumakhala kwakukulu. Ngati zaka za makoma sizikwanira, kapena chinyezi cha makomawo chili chokwera kwambiri, ndi zina zotero, pakapita nthawi youma, ming'alu idzawonekera pakhoma chifukwa cha kutayika kwa madzi ndi kuchepa, ndipo gawo lopaka pulasitala lidzaswekanso.
b) Malo olumikizirana pakati pa chiwalo cha konkriti cha kapangidwe ka chimango ndi zinthu za pakhoma ndi pomwe zinthu ziwiri zosiyana zimakumana, ndipo ma coefficients awo okulirapo amasiyana. Kutentha kukasintha, kusintha kwa zinthu ziwirizi sikumagwirizanitsidwa, ndipo ming'alu yosiyana idzawonekera. Makoma odziwika bwino Ming'alu yolunjika pakati pa matabwa ndi ming'alu yopingasa pansi pa mtengo.
c) Gwiritsani ntchito fomu ya aluminiyamu pothira konkire pamalopo. Pamwamba pa konkire ndi posalala ndipo sipagwirizana bwino ndi plaster yopaka pulasitala. Plaster yopaka pulasitala imachotsedwa mosavuta kuchokera ku ground layer, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ming'alu.
d) Zipangizo zoyambira ndi gypsum yopaka pulasitala zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pamlingo wa mphamvu, ndipo pansi pa ntchito yolumikizana youma chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, kukula ndi kupindika sizikugwirizana, makamaka pamene zinthu zoyambira pakhoma zimakhala ndi mphamvu yochepa komanso mphamvu yochepa, gypsum yopaka pulasitala nthawi zambiri imapanga ayezi. Kusweka kwa kutambasula, ngakhale malo akuluakulu obowola. e) Zipangizo zoyambira zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zoyamwa madzi komanso liwiro loyamwa madzi mwachangu.
Yankho:
a) Pansi pa konkriti yokonzedwanso pulasitiki iyenera kukhala youma kwa masiku 10 nthawi yachilimwe komanso masiku opitilira 20 nthawi yachisanu ngati mpweya wabwino ukuyenda bwino. Pamwamba pake ndi posalala ndipo pansi pake pamatenga madzi mwachangu. Chothandizira cholumikizira chiyenera kuyikidwa;
b) Zipangizo zolimbitsa monga nsalu ya gridi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizana ndi makoma a zipangizo zosiyanasiyana
c) Zipangizo zopepuka za khoma ziyenera kusamalidwa bwino.
5. Kusanthula chifukwa cha njira yomanga
a) Chigawo chapansi chimakhala chouma kwambiri popanda kunyowetsa bwino kapena kugwiritsa ntchito cholumikizira. Gypsum yopaka pulasitiki imakhudzana ndi gawo lapansi, chinyezi chomwe chili mu gypsum yopaka pulasitiki chimayamwa mwachangu, madzi amatayika, ndipo kuchuluka kwa gawo la gypsum yopaka pulasitiki kumachepa, zomwe zimapangitsa ming'alu, zomwe zimakhudza kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yolumikizirana.
b) Kapangidwe ka maziko ake ndi koipa, ndipo pulasitiki ya gypsum yapafupi ndi yokhuthala kwambiri. Ngati pulasitala ya pulasitiki igwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi, pulasitikiyo idzagwa ndikupanga ming'alu yopingasa.
c) Kutsekeka kwa magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino. Malo otsekeka ndi madzi sadzazidwa ndi gypsum yophimba kapena konkire ya miyala yabwino yokhala ndi chowonjezera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ming'alu ichepe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti plaster ya gypsum isweke.
d) Palibe chithandizo chapadera cha nthiti zoboola, ndipo pulasitiki ya gypsum yomangidwa pamalo akuluakulu imasweka pa nthiti zoboola.
Yankho:
a) Gwiritsani ntchito cholumikizira chapamwamba kwambiri pochiza gawo loyambira ndi mphamvu yochepa komanso kuyamwa madzi mwachangu.
b) Kukhuthala kwa pulasitiki ya gypsum ndi kwakukulu, kopitirira 50mm, ndipo kuyenera kukwezedwa pang'onopang'ono.
c) Kugwira ntchito yomanga ndi kulimbitsa kayendetsedwe kabwino ka malo omanga.
6. Kusanthula chifukwa cha malo omanga
a) Nyengo ndi youma komanso yotentha.
b) Mphepo yamphamvu
c) Kumapeto kwa masika ndi chilimwe, kutentha kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo chinyezi chimakhala chochepa.
Yankho:
a) Kumanga sikuloledwa pamene pali mphepo yamphamvu ya level five kapena kupitirira apo, ndipo kumanga sikuloledwa pamene kutentha kwa mlengalenga kuli kokwera kuposa 40 ℃.
b) Kumapeto kwa masika ndi chilimwe, sinthani njira yopangira pulasitala wa gypsum.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-25-2024