Ukusebenzisa i-cellulose njengezinto zokusetshenziswa,I-CMC-Nakwalungiswa ngendlela enezinyathelo ezimbili. Eyokuqala inqubo ye-alkalizing ye-cellulose. I-cellulose isabela ne-sodium hydroxide ukuze ikhiqize i-alkali cellulose, bese i-alkali cellulose isabela ne-chloroacetic acid ukuze ikhiqize i-CMC-Na, ebizwa ngokuthi i-etherification.
Uhlelo lokusabela kumele lube yi-alkaline. Le nqubo ingeyendlela yokwenziwa kwe-Williamson ether. Indlela yokusabela iwukushintshaniswa kwe-nucleophilic. Uhlelo lokusabela luyi-alkaline, futhi luhambisana nokusabela okuthile eceleni lapho kukhona amanzi, njenge-sodium glycolate, i-glycolic acid kanye neminye imikhiqizo elandelanayo. Ngenxa yokuba khona kokusabela eceleni, ukusetshenziswa kwe-alkali kanye ne-etherification agent kuzokwanda, ngaleyo ndlela kuncishiswe ukusebenza kahle kwe-etherification; Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-sodium glycolate, i-glycolic acid kanye nokungcola okwengeziwe kukasawoti kungadalwa ekusabela eceleni, okubangela ukuhlanzeka nokusebenza komkhiqizo. Ukuze kucindezelwe ukusabela eceleni, akudingeki nje kuphela ukusebenzisa i-alkali ngokufanele, kodwa futhi nokulawula inani lesistimu yamanzi, ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali kanye nendlela yokuxuba ngenhloso yokwenza i-alkalization eyanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izidingo zomkhiqizo ku-viscosity kanye nezinga lokushintsha kufanele zicatshangelwe, futhi ijubane lokuxuba kanye nokushisa kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokuphelele. Ukulawula nezinye izici, kwandisa izinga lokuxuba, futhi kuvimbele ukwenzeka kokusabela eceleni.
Ngokwezindlela ezahlukene zokushintshashintsha kwe-etherification, ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwe-CMC-Na kungahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: indlela esekelwe emanzini kanye nendlela esekelwe kwi-solvent. Indlela esebenzisa amanzi njengendlela yokusabela ibizwa ngokuthi indlela yamanzi, esetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza i-alkaline medium kanye ne-low-grade CMC-Na. Indlela yokusebenzisa i-organic solvent njengendlela yokusabela ibizwa ngokuthi indlela ye-solvent, efanelekile ekukhiqizweni kwe-CMC-Na ephakathi nendawo kanye nephezulu. Lokhu kusabela okubili kwenziwa ku-kneader, okungokwenqubo yokuxova futhi okwamanje kuyindlela eyinhloko yokukhiqiza i-CMC-Na.
Indlela ephakathi kwamanzi:
Indlela ethwala amanzi inqubo yokukhiqiza yezimboni yangaphambilini, okuwukusabela i-alkali cellulose kanye ne-etherification agent ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkali yamahhala namanzi. Ngesikhathi se-alkaliization kanye ne-etherification, akukho medium organic ohlelweni. Izidingo zemishini yendlela yemidiya yamanzi zilula kakhulu, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuncane kanye nezindleko eziphansi. Ububi ukuntuleka kwenani elikhulu le-medium ewuketshezi, ukushisa okukhiqizwa yi-reaction kwandisa izinga lokushisa, kusheshise isivinini se-side reactions, kuholela ekusebenzeni kahle kwe-etherification okuphansi, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo ephansi. Le ndlela isetshenziselwa ukulungiselela imikhiqizo ye-CMC-Na ephakathi nendawo nephansi, njengezinsipho, ama-ejenti okulinganisa izindwangu nokunye okunjalo.
Indlela ye-solvent:
Indlela yokuxazulula ibizwa nangokuthi indlela yokuxazulula i-organic, futhi isici sayo esiyinhloko ukuthi ukusabela kwe-alkalization kanye ne-etherification kwenziwa ngaphansi kwesimo se-organic solvent njenge-reaction medium (diluent). Ngokusho kwenani le-reactive diluent, ihlukaniswe ngendlela yokuxova kanye nendlela ye-slurry. Indlela yokuxazulula iyafana nenqubo yokusabela kwendlela yamanzi, futhi iqukethe izigaba ezimbili ze-alkalization kanye ne-etherification, kodwa indlela yokusabela yalezi zigaba ezimbili ihlukile. Indlela yokuxazulula isindisa inqubo yokucwilisa i-alkali, ukucindezela, ukuchoboza, ukuguga nokunye okukhona endleleni yamanzi, kanti i-alkalization kanye ne-etherification konke kwenziwa ku-kneader. Okubi ukuthi ukulawula izinga lokushisa kubi kakhulu, futhi isidingo sesikhala kanye nezindleko ziphakeme. Vele, ekukhiqizweni kwezakhiwo ezahlukene zemishini, kuyadingeka ukulawula ngokuqinile izinga lokushisa lesistimu, isikhathi sokudla, njll., ukuze imikhiqizo enekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nokusebenza kahle ikwazi ukulungiswa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-25-2024