Ukusebenzisa i-cellulose njengezinto eziluhlaza,CMC-Nayalungiswa ngendlela enamanyathelo amabini. Eyokuqala yinkqubo ye-alkalization ye-cellulose. I-cellulose isabela ne-sodium hydroxide ukuvelisa i-alkali cellulose, ize emva koko i-alkali cellulose isabela ne-chloroacetic acid ukuvelisa i-CMC-Na, ebizwa ngokuba yi-etherification.
Inkqubo yokusabela kufuneka ibe yi-alkaline. Le nkqubo yeyendlela yokwenziwa kwe-Williamson ether. Indlela yokusabela yi-nucleophilic substitution. Inkqubo yokusabela yi-alkaline, kwaye ihamba nezinye ii-reactions ecaleni xa kukho amanzi, njenge-sodium glycolate, i-glycolic acid kunye nezinye izinto eziphumayo. Ngenxa yokubakho kwee-reactions ecaleni, ukusetyenziswa kwe-alkali kunye ne-etherification agent kuya kwanda, ngaloo ndlela kunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-etherification; Kwangaxeshanye, i-sodium glycolate, i-glycolic acid kunye nokungcola kwetyuwa okuninzi kunokuveliswa kwi-side reaction, okubangela ukuhlanzeka kunye nokusebenza kwemveliso. Ukuze kuthintelwe ii-side reactions, akufuneki nje kuphela ukusebenzisa i-alkali ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa nokulawula ubungakanani benkqubo yamanzi, uxinzelelo lwe-alkali kunye nendlela yokuxuba ngenjongo yokwenza i-alkalization eyaneleyo. Kwangaxeshanye, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe iimfuno zemveliso kwi-viscosity kunye nobungakanani bokutshintsha, kwaye isantya sokuxuba kunye nobushushu kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngokupheleleyo. Ulawulo kunye nezinye izinto, zonyusa izinga lokuxuba, kwaye zithintele ukwenzeka kwee-side reactions ecaleni.
Ngokweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuvelisa i-etherification, imveliso yemizi-mveliso ye-CMC-Na inokwahlulwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: indlela esekwe emanzini kunye nendlela esekwe kwi-solvent. Indlela esebenzisa amanzi njengendlela yokusabela ibizwa ngokuba yindlela yamanzi, esetyenziselwa ukuvelisa i-alkaline medium kunye ne-low-grade CMC-Na. Indlela yokusebenzisa i-organic solvent njengendlela yokusabela ibizwa ngokuba yindlela ye-solvent, efanelekileyo ekuveliseni i-CMC-Na ephakathi kunye ne-high-grade. Ezi mpendulo zimbini zenziwa kwi-kneader, eyinxalenye yenkqubo yokuxova kwaye okwangoku yindlela ephambili yokuvelisa i-CMC-Na.
Indlela ephakathi yamanzi:
Indlela yokuhambisa amanzi yinkqubo yokuvelisa imveliso yemizi-mveliso yangaphambili, eyokwenza i-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherification agent phantsi kweemeko ze-alkali kunye namanzi akhululekileyo. Ngexesha le-alkaliization kunye ne-etherification, akukho medium yendalo kwinkqubo. Iimfuno zezixhobo zendlela ye-water media zilula kakhulu, zinotyalo-mali oluncinci kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Ingxaki kukungabikho kobuninzi be-medium engamanzi, ubushushu obuveliswa yi-reaction buyandisa ubushushu, bukhawulezisa isantya seempendulo ezingalindelekanga, bukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphantsi kwe-etherification, kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wemveliso. Le ndlela isetyenziselwa ukulungiselela iimveliso ze-CMC-Na eziphakathi nezisezantsi, ezifana neesepha, ii-agents zokulinganisa ilaphu kunye nezinye izinto ezinjalo.
Indlela yesinyibilikisi:
Indlela yokunyibilikisa ikwabizwa ngokuba yindlela yokunyibilikisa yendalo, kwaye uphawu lwayo oluphambili kukuba i-alkalization kunye ne-etherification reactions zenziwa phantsi kwemeko ye-organic solvent njenge-reaction medium (diluent). Ngokwesixa se-reactive diluent, yahlulwe yaba yindlela yokuxova kunye nendlela yokulunywa. Indlela yokunyibilikisa iyafana nenkqubo yokusabela kwendlela yamanzi, kwaye ikwaqulathe amanqanaba amabini e-alkalization kunye ne-etherification, kodwa indlela yokusabela kwezi zigaba zimbini yahlukile. Indlela yokunyibilikisa igcina inkqubo yokufunxa i-alkali, ukucinezela, ukutyumza, ukuguga njl. njl. ekwindlela yamanzi, kwaye i-alkalization kunye ne-etherification zonke zenziwa kwi-kneader. Ingxaki kukuba ulawulo lobushushu alulunganga, kwaye imfuneko yendawo kunye neendleko ziphezulu. Kakade ke, ukuvelisa uyilo lwezixhobo ezahlukeneyo, kuyimfuneko ukulawula ngokungqongqo ubushushu benkqubo, ixesha lokutya, njl.njl., ukuze iimveliso ezinomgangatho ophezulu kunye nokusebenza zikwazi ukulungiswa.
Ixesha leposi: Epreli-25-2024