I-cellulose ether: izinto zokusetshenziswa eziphezulu zinomthelela omkhulu, futhi imakethe engezansi iyanda.
I-Cellulose ether uhlobo lwezinto zemvelo ezithathwe ku-polymer, ezinezici ze-emulsification kanye nokumiswa. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether eyi-HPMC iyisivuno esiphezulu kakhulu, esetshenziswa kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kukhula ngokushesha.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokuzuza ekukhuleni komnotho kazwelonke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether yezwe lethu kuyanda unyaka nonyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngentuthuko yesayensi nobuchwepheshe basekhaya, isidingo sokuqala sokungenisa inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether ephezulu manje siqaphela kancane kancane indawo, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwe-cellulose ether yasekhaya kuyanda. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba 2020, iShayina ithumele amathani angu-64,806 e-cellulose ether, okwenyuke ngo-14.2% ngonyaka, okuphakeme kunonyaka wonke ka-2019.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yokuzuza ekukhuleni komnotho kazwelonke, ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether yezwe lethu kuyanda unyaka nonyaka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngentuthuko yesayensi nobuchwepheshe basekhaya, isidingo sokuqala sokungenisa inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether ephezulu manje siqaphela kancane kancane indawo, futhi ukuthunyelwa kwe-cellulose ether yasekhaya kuyanda. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya kuNovemba 2020, iShayina ithumele amathani angu-64,806 e-cellulose ether, okwenyuke ngo-14.2% ngonyaka, okuphakeme kunonyaka wonke ka-2019.
I-cellulose ether ithintwe yintengo kakotini ephezulu
Izinto zokusetshenziswa eziyinhloko zama-cellulose ethers zifaka phakathi imikhiqizo yezolimo neyamahlathi, kufaka phakathi ukotini ocociwe, kanye nemikhiqizo yamakhemikhali, kufaka phakathi i-propylene oxide. Izinto zokusetshenziswa kokotini ocociwe yi-cotton short cashmere, kanti i-cotton short cashmere ikhiqizwa kakhulu eShandong, eXinjiang, eHebei naseJiangsu. Umthombo woboya bekotini uningi kakhulu futhi utholakala ngokwanele.
Ukotini ubala ingxenye enkulu esakhiweni sezomnotho sezolimo zezimpahla, futhi intengo yawo ithintwa yizimo zemvelo kanye nokuhlinzekwa kanye nesidingo samazwe ngamazwe. Ngokufanayo, i-propylene oxide, i-chloromethane kanye neminye imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali nayo ithintwa yintengo kawoyela ongahluziwe wamazwe ngamazwe. Njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa zibala ingxenye enkulu esakhiweni sezindleko ze-cellulose ether, ukuguquguquka kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa kuthinta ngqo intengo yokuthengisa ye-cellulose ether.
Ukuze babhekane nokucindezeleka kwezindleko, abakhiqizi be-cellulose ether bavame ukudlulisela ingcindezi embonini engezansi, kodwa umphumela wokudlulisela uthintwa ubunzima bemikhiqizo yobuchwepheshe, ukuhlukahluka komkhiqizo kanye nezinga lezindleko zomkhiqizo kanye nenani elengeziwe. Ngokuvamile, amabhizinisi anezithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu, izigaba zomkhiqizo ocebile kanye nenani elengeziwe eliphezulu anezinzuzo ezinkulu futhi azogcina izinga lenzuzo elizinzile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amabhizinisi kudingeka abhekane nengcindezi yezindleko enkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma indawo yangaphandle ingazinzile futhi ububanzi bokushintshashintsha komkhiqizo bukhulu, amabhizinisi ezinto zokusetshenziswa eziphezulu azimisele kakhulu ukukhetha amakhasimende angezansi anesilinganiso esikhulu sokukhiqiza namandla aqinile aphelele, ukuze kuqinisekiswe izinzuzo zomnotho ezifika ngesikhathi futhi kuncishiswe izingozi. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kunciphisa intuthuko yamabhizinisi e-cellulose ether amancane ngezinga elithile.
I-Cellulose ether uhlobo lwezinto zemvelo ezithathwe ku-polymer, ezinezici ze-emulsification kanye nokumiswa. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether eyi-HPMC iyisivuno esiphezulu kakhulu, esetshenziswa kakhulu, ukukhiqizwa kwayo kukhula ngokushesha.
Ngokuqhubeka kwentuthuko yesayensi nobuchwepheshe, imakethe yesidingo esingezansi iyakhula, futhi ububanzi bokusetshenziswa okungezansi kulindeleke ukuthi bukhule njalo, kanti isidingo esingezansi sigcina ukukhula okuzinzile. Esakhiweni semakethe esingezansi se-cellulose ether, izinto zokwakha, ukukhishwa kwamafutha, ukudla kanye neminye imikhakha kuthathe indawo enkulu. Phakathi kwazo, umkhakha wezinto zokwakha uyimakethe enkulu yabathengi, ebiza ngaphezu kwama-30%.
Imboni yokwakha iyinkambu enkulu kunazo zonke yokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ye-HPMC
Embonini yokwakha, imikhiqizo ye-HPMC idlala isibopho esibalulekile, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye neminye imiphumela. Ngemva kokuxuba inani elincane le-HPMC nodaka lukasimende, i-viscosity, amandla okuthamba kanye nokusika kodaka lukasimende, udaka kanye ne-binder kungandiswa, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwezinto zokwakha, kuthuthukiswe ikhwalithi yokwakha kanye nokusebenza kahle kokwakhiwa kwemishini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-HPMC iphinde ibe yi-retarder ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni nasekuthuthweni kokhonkolo bezentengiselwano, okudlala indima ekuvalekeni kwamanzi nasekuthuthukiseni izakhiwo zekhonkolo. Njengamanje, i-HPMC iyimikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu ye-cellulose ether esetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha zokuvala.
Imboni yokwakha iyimboni eyinhloko yomnotho wethu kazwelonke. Idatha ibonisa ukuthi indawo yokwakha izindlu ikhuphuke isuka kumamitha-skwele ayizigidigidi eziyi-7.08 ngo-2010 yaya kumamitha-skwele ayizigidigidi eziyi-14.42 ngo-2019, okuqhuba kakhulu ukukhula kwemakethe ye-cellulose ether.
Ukuchuma kwemboni yezindlu kukhule kakhulu, futhi indawo yokwakha nokuthengisa ikhuphuke unyaka nonyaka. Idatha yomphakathi ikhombisa ukuthi ngo-2020, ukwehla kwanyanga zonke kwendawo entsha yokwakha izindlu zokuhlala zebhizinisi kuyaqhubeka nokuncipha, kwehle ngo-1.87% unyaka nonyaka, kulindeleke ukuthi u-2021 uqhubeke nomkhuba wokulungisa. Ezinyangeni ezimbili zokuqala zalo nyaka, izinga lokukhula kwendawo yokuhlala yebhizinisi likhuphuke laya ku-104.9%, okuwukwenyuka okuhloniphekile.
Ukumba uwoyela
Imakethe yemboni yezinsizakalo zobunjiniyela bokubhola ithintwa kakhulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kwe-E&P emhlabeni jikelele, cishe u-40% wephothifoliyo yokuhlola yomhlaba wonke inikezelwe ezinsizakalweni zobunjiniyela bokubhola.
Ngesikhathi sokumba nokukhiqiza uwoyela, uketshezi lokumba ludlala indima ebalulekile ekuthwaleni nasekulengiseni ama-chip, ukuqinisa izindonga zemigodi nokulinganisela ingcindezi yokwakheka, ukupholisa nokugcoba i-bit, nokudlulisa amandla e-hydrodynamic. Ngakho-ke, emsebenzini wokumba uwoyela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umswakama ofanele, i-viscosity, ukugeleza kanye nezinye izinkomba zoketshezi lokumba. I-Polyanionic cellulose, noma i-PAC, ingajiya, igcobe ama-bits, futhi idlulise amandla e-hydrodynamic. Ngenxa yezimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ze-geological zendawo yokugcina uwoyela kanye nobunzima bokumba, kunenani elikhulu lesidingo sokusetshenziswa kwe-PAC.
Imboni yezinto ezisizayo zemithi
Ama-non-ionic cellulose ethers asetshenziswa kabanzi embonini yezemithi njengezinto ezisizayo zemithi, njengezithambisi, izihlakaza, ama-emulsifier kanye nama-film formers. Isetshenziselwa ukumboza ifilimu kanye nokunamathela kwamaphilisi ezokwelapha, futhi ingasetshenziswa nasezimisweni zokumiswa, ekulungiseleleni amehlo, kumaphilisi antantayo njalo njalo. Ngenxa yezidingo eziqinile zokuhlanzeka kanye nokuthamba kwemikhiqizo ye-ether ye-cellulose yemithi, inqubo yokukhiqiza iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi izinqubo zokuwasha ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imikhiqizo ye-ether ye-cellulose, izinga lokuqoqwa liphansi, izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphakeme, kodwa inani elengeziwe lomkhiqizo nalo liphakeme. Izinto ezisizayo zemithi zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekulungiseleleni imithi yamakhemikhali, imithi yelungelo lobunikazi laseShayina, imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo kanye neyamakhemikhali kanye neminye imikhiqizo yemithi.
Ngenxa yokuthi imboni yezinto ezisizayo zemithi iqale sekwephuzile, izinga lokuthuthukiswa lilonke liphansi njengamanje, indlela yokusebenza kwemboni idinga ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu. Phakathi kwenani lokukhishwa kwemithi yasekhaya, inani lokukhishwa kwemithi yasekhaya libalelwa engxenyeni ephansi kakhulu engu-2%-3%, ephansi kakhulu kuneyezinto ezisizayo zokwelapha zakwamanye amazwe (cishe u-15%). Kungabonakala ukuthi kusenendawo enkulu yokuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezisizayo zokwelapha zasekhaya, okulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubekisele phambili ukukhula kwemakethe ye-cellulose ether efanele.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-31-2022