I-Cellulose ether: izinto ezikrwada ezikumgangatho ophezulu zinempembelelo enkulu, kwaye imakethi esezantsi iyanda.
I-Cellulose ether luhlobo lwezinto zendalo ezithathwe kwi-polymer, ezineempawu ze-emulsification kunye ne-suspension. Kwiintlobo ezininzi, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether eyi-HPMC yeyona ivelisa kakhulu, eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu, imveliso yayo iyanda ngokukhawuleza.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokukhula koqoqosho lwesizwe, imveliso ye-cellulose ether yelizwe lethu iyanda minyaka le. Kwangaxeshanye, ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji yasekhaya, imfuneko yokuqala yokungenisa inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether ephezulu ngoku iyaqondakala kancinci kancinci, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwe-cellulose ether yasekhaya kuyanda. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuNovemba ka-2020, iTshayina ithumele ngaphandle iitoni ezingama-64,806 ze-cellulose ether, enyuke nge-14.2% ngonyaka, ngaphezulu kunonyaka ka-2019 wonke.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ngenxa yokukhula koqoqosho lwesizwe, imveliso ye-cellulose ether yelizwe lethu iyanda minyaka le. Kwangaxeshanye, ngophuhliso lwesayensi netekhnoloji yasekhaya, imfuneko yokuqala yokungenisa inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether ephezulu ngoku iyaqondakala kancinci kancinci, kwaye ukuthunyelwa kwe-cellulose ether yasekhaya kuyanda. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya kuNovemba ka-2020, iTshayina ithumele ngaphandle iitoni ezingama-64,806 ze-cellulose ether, enyuke nge-14.2% ngonyaka, ngaphezulu kunonyaka ka-2019 wonke.
I-Cellulose ether ichatshazelwe ngamaxabiso aphezulu omqhaphu
Izinto eziphambili ze-cellulose ethers ziquka iimveliso zezolimo nezamahlathi, kuquka umqhaphu ocociweyo, kunye neemveliso zeekhemikhali, kuquka i-propylene oxide. Izinto ezisetyenziswa kumqhaphu ocociweyo yi-cotton short cashmere, kwaye i-cotton short cashmere iveliswa kakhulu eShandong, eXinjiang, eHebei naseJiangsu. Umthombo we-cotton fleece uninzi kakhulu kwaye ufumaneka ngokwaneleyo.
Ikhokho ibandakanya inxalenye enkulu kulwakhiwo lwezoqoqosho lwezolimo lweempahla, kwaye ixabiso layo lichaphazeleka ziimeko zendalo kunye nobonelelo kunye nemfuno yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokufanayo, ipropylene oxide, ichloromethane kunye nezinye iimveliso zeekhemikhali nazo zichaphazeleka ngamaxabiso eoyile ekrwada yamazwe ngamazwe. Ekubeni izinto ezikrwada zichaphazela inxalenye enkulu kulwakhiwo lweendleko ze-cellulose ether, ukuguquguquka kwexabiso lezinto ezikrwada kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ixabiso lokuthengisa le-cellulose ether.
Ukuze bakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo lweendleko, abavelisi be-cellulose ether badla ngokudlulisela uxinzelelo kushishino olusezantsi, kodwa isiphumo sokudluliselwa sichaphazeleka bubunzima beemveliso zobugcisa, ukwahluka kwemveliso kunye nenqanaba leendleko zemveliso kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo. Ngokubanzi, amashishini anemiqobo ephezulu yobugcisa, iindidi zemveliso ezityebileyo kunye nexabiso elongezelelweyo eliphezulu aneenzuzo ezinkulu kwaye aya kugcina inqanaba lenzuzo epheleleyo elizinzileyo. Ngaphandle koko, amashishini kufuneka ajongane noxinzelelo olukhulu lweendleko. Ukongeza, ukuba imeko yangaphandle ayizinzanga kwaye uluhlu lokuguquguquka kwemveliso lukhulu, amashishini ezinto ezikrwada eziphezulu azimisele ngakumbi ukukhetha abathengi abasezantsi abanemveliso enkulu kunye namandla aqinileyo apheleleyo, ukuze kuqinisekiswe iingenelo zoqoqosho ngexesha elifanelekileyo kwaye kuncitshiswe iingozi. Ke ngoko, oku kunciphisa uphuhliso lwamashishini e-cellulose ether amancinci ukuya kwinqanaba elithile.
I-Cellulose ether luhlobo lwezinto zendalo ezithathwe kwi-polymer, ezineempawu ze-emulsification kunye ne-suspension. Kwiintlobo ezininzi, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether eyi-HPMC yeyona ivelisa kakhulu, eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu, imveliso yayo iyanda ngokukhawuleza.
Ngenxa yenkqubela phambili eqhubekayo yesayensi netekhnoloji, imakethi yeemfuno ezisezantsi iyanda, kwaye umda wokusetyenziswa okusezantsi kulindeleke ukuba ukhule ngokuqhubekayo, kwaye imfuno esezantsi igcina ukukhula okuzinzileyo. Kwisakhiwo semakethi esisezantsi se-cellulose ether, izixhobo zokwakha, ukukhupha ioyile, ukutya kunye nezinye iindawo zithatha indawo enkulu. Phakathi kwazo, icandelo lezixhobo zokwakha lelona marike inkulu yabathengi, ebalelwa ngaphezulu kwe-30%.
Ishishini lokwakha lelona candelo likhulu lokusetyenziswa kweemveliso ze-HPMC
Kwishishini lokwakha, iimveliso ze-HPMC zidlala indima ebalulekileyo, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kunye nezinye iziphumo. Emva kokuxuba inani elincinci le-HPMC kunye nodaka lwesamente, i-viscosity, amandla okuxinana kunye nokucheba kodaka lwesamente, udaka kunye ne-binder kunokwandiswa, ukuze kuphuculwe ukusebenza kwezixhobo zokwakha, kuphuculwe umgangatho wokwakha kunye nokusebenza kakuhle koomatshini. Ukongeza, i-HPMC ikwayinto ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni nasekuthuthweni kwekhonkrithi yorhwebo, edlala indima ekuvalekeni kwamanzi nasekuphuculeni iipropati ze-rheological zekhonkrithi. Okwangoku, i-HPMC yeyona mveliso ibalulekileyo ye-cellulose ether esetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokuvala izakhiwo.
Ishishini lokwakha lelona shishini liphambili kuqoqosho lwethu lwesizwe. Idatha ibonisa ukuba indawo yokwakha izindlu inyuke ukusuka kwi-7.08 yeebhiliyoni zeemitha zesikwere ngo-2010 ukuya kwi-14.42 yeebhiliyoni zeemitha zesikwere ngo-2019, nto leyo eqhubela phambili ukukhula kwemarike ye-cellulose ether.
Ukwanda ngokubanzi kweshishini lezindlu kunyukile, kwaye indawo yokwakha kunye nentengiso inyukile unyaka nonyaka. Idatha yoluntu ibonisa ukuba ngo-2020, ukwehla kwenyanga nonyaka kwindawo entsha yokwakha izindlu zorhwebo kuyaqhubeka nokuhla, kwehle nge-1.87% unyaka nonyaka, kulindeleke ukuba u-2021 uqhubeke nomkhwa wokulungisa. Kwiinyanga ezimbini zokuqala zalo nyaka, izinga lokukhula kwendawo yokuhlala zorhwebo liphinde landa laya kwi-104.9%, ukunyuka okuhloniphekileyo.
Ukubhola ioyile
Imarike yeshishini leenkonzo zobunjineli bokugrumba ichaphazeleka ngakumbi lutyalo-mali lwe-E&P lwehlabathi, malunga ne-40% yepotifoliyo yokuhlola yehlabathi inikezelwe kwiinkonzo zobunjineli bokugrumba.
Ngexesha lokugrumba ioyile kunye nokuveliswa kwayo, ulwelo lokugrumba ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuthwaleni nasekuxhomeni iitships, ukuqinisa iindonga zemingxuma kunye nokulinganisela uxinzelelo lokwakheka, ukupholisa kunye nokuthambisa i-bit, kunye nokudlulisa amandla e-hydrodynamic. Ke ngoko, kumsebenzi wokugrumba ioyile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukugcina umswakama ofanelekileyo, i-viscosity, i-fluidity kunye nezinye izalathisi zolwelo lokugrumba. I-Polyanionic cellulose, okanye i-PAC, inokwenza utyebe, ithambise iibhiti, kwaye idlulise amandla e-hydrodynamic. Ngenxa yeemeko ezinzima zejoloji yendawo yokugcina ioyile kunye nobunzima bokugrumba, kukho inani elikhulu lemfuno yokusetyenziswa kwe-PAC.
Ishishini lezinto ezinceda amayeza
Ii-non-ionic cellulose ethers zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini lamayeza njengezinto ezincedisayo kumayeza, ezifana nezinyibilikisi, izinyibilikisi, ii-emulsifiers kunye nee-film formers. Isetyenziselwa ukugquma ifilimu kunye nokuncamathisela iipilisi zamayeza, kwaye ingasetyenziswa nakwii-suspensions, amalungiselelo amehlo, iipilisi ezidadayo njalo njalo. Ngenxa yeemfuno ezingqongqo zococeko kunye ne-viscosity yeemveliso ze-ether ze-cellulose zamayeza, inkqubo yokuvelisa iyinkimbinkimbi kwaye iinkqubo zokuhlamba zinzima ngakumbi. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iimveliso ze-ether ze-cellulose, izinga lokuqokelelwa liphantsi, iindleko zemveliso ziphezulu, kodwa ixabiso elongezelelweyo lemveliso nalo liphezulu. Izinto ezincedayo kumayeza zisetyenziswa kakhulu kulungiselelo lwamayeza eekhemikhali, amayeza elungelo lomenzi laseTshayina, iimveliso zebhayoloji kunye nezebhayoloji kunye nezinye iimveliso zamayeza.
Ngenxa yokuba ishishini lezinto ezincedisayo zamayeza liqale kade, inqanaba lophuhliso lilonke liphantsi okwangoku, indlela yokusebenza kweshishini kufuneka iphuculwe ngakumbi. Phakathi kwexabiso lemveliso yokulungiselela amayeza asekhaya, ixabiso lemveliso yeebhanti zamayeza asekhaya libalelwa kwi-2%-3%, eliphantsi kakhulu kunelo lezinto ezincedayo zamayeza zangaphandle (malunga ne-15%). Kuyabonakala ukuba kusekho indawo enkulu yophuhliso lwezinto ezincedayo zamayeza asekhaya, okulindeleke ukuba ziqhube ngempumelelo ukukhula kwemarike ye-cellulose ether efanelekileyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-31-2022