Te etere cellulose: he nui ake te pānga o ngā rauemi mata o runga, ā, kei te tipu haere te mākete o raro.
He momo rauemi i ahu mai i te pūmua tūturu te cellulose ether, he āhuatanga whakaemulsification me te whakatārewatanga. I roto i ngā momo maha, ko te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, arā, ko te HPMC, te mea tino whānui te whakamahinga, ā, kei te tere haere te tipu o tana whakaputanga.
I ngā tau tata nei, i te whai huatanga mai i te tipu ōhanga o te motu, ka piki ake te hanga o te cellulose ether o tō tātou whenua i ia tau. I taua wā anō, me te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau o te motu, ko te hiahia taketake ki te kawemai i te maha o ngā cellulose ether kounga teitei kua āta kitea inaianei i te rohe, ā, kei te piki haere te kaweake o te cellulose ether o te motu. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga mai i Hānuere ki Noema 2020, i kaweake a Haina i te 64,806 tana o te cellulose ether, he pikinga 14.2% ia tau, he teitei ake i te tau 2019 katoa.
I ngā tau tata nei, i te whai huatanga mai i te tipu ōhanga o te motu, ka piki ake te hanga o te cellulose ether o tō tātou whenua i ia tau. I taua wā anō, me te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau o te motu, ko te hiahia taketake ki te kawemai i te maha o ngā cellulose ether kounga teitei kua āta kitea inaianei i te rohe, ā, kei te piki haere te kaweake o te cellulose ether o te motu. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga mai i Hānuere ki Noema 2020, i kaweake a Haina i te 64,806 tana o te cellulose ether, he pikinga 14.2% ia tau, he teitei ake i te tau 2019 katoa.
I pāngia te etera cellulose e ngā utu miro o te awa whakarunga
Ko ngā rauemi mata matua mō ngā cellulose ethers ko ngā hua ahuwhenua me ngā hua ngahere, tae atu ki te miro kua whakapaia, me ngā hua matū, tae atu ki te propylene oxide. Ko te rauemi mata o te miro kua whakapaia ko te miro kāhimere poto, ā, ko te nuinga o te miro kāhimere poto e hangaia ana i Shandong, Xinjiang, Hebei me Jiangsu. He tino nui te puna o te huruhuru miro, ā, he rawaka te puna.
He nui te wāhanga o te miro i roto i te hanganga ōhanga o te ahuwhenua taonga, ā, ka pāngia tōna utu e ngā āhuatanga taiao me te tuku me te tono o te ao. Waihoki, ka pāngia hoki te propylene oxide, te chloromethane me ētahi atu hua matū e ngā utu hinu mata o te ao. Nā te mea he nui te wāhanga o ngā rauemi mata i roto i te hanganga utu o te cellulose ether, ka pā tika te piki me te heke o te utu o ngā rauemi mata ki te utu hoko o te cellulose ether.
Hei whakatau i te pēhanga utu, he maha ngā wā ka tukuna e ngā kaihanga cellulose ether te pēhanga ki te umanga o raro, engari ka pāngia te pānga whakawhiti e te uaua o ngā hua hangarau, te kanorau o ngā hua me te taumata o te utu hua me te uara tāpiri. I te nuinga o te wā, he nui ake ngā painga o ngā umanga he nui ngā arai hangarau, he nui ngā kāwai hua me te nui o te uara tāpiri, ā, ka mau tonu te taumata hua whānui pumau. Ki te kore, me aro atu ngā umanga ki te pēhanga utu nui ake. Hei tāpiri, ki te kore e pumau te taiao o waho, ā, he nui te whānuitanga o ngā rerekētanga hua, ka pai ake ngā umanga rauemi mata o runga ki te whiriwhiri i ngā kaihoko o raro me te tauine whakaputa nui me te kaha whānui kaha, kia pai ai ngā painga ōhanga i te wā tika me te whakaiti i ngā mōrearea. Nō reira, ka whakawhāitihia te whanaketanga o ngā umanga cellulose ether iti ki tētahi taumata.
He momo rauemi i ahu mai i te pūmua tūturu te cellulose ether, he āhuatanga whakaemulsification me te whakatārewatanga. I roto i ngā momo maha, ko te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, arā, ko te HPMC, te mea tino whānui te whakamahinga, ā, kei te tere haere te tipu o tana whakaputanga.
I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau, kei te tipu haere te mākete tono o raro, ā, e matapaetia ana ka whānui haere tonu te whānuitanga o te tono o raro, ā, kei te mau tonu te tipu pumau o te tono o raro. I roto i te hanganga mākete o raro o te cellulose ether, kei te noho ngā rauemi hanga, te tango hinu, te kai me ētahi atu mara i tētahi tūranga nui. I roto i ēnei, ko te rāngai rauemi hanga te mākete kaihoko nui rawa atu, neke atu i te 30%.
Ko te umanga hanga te mara hoko nui rawa atu o ngā hua HPMC
I roto i te umanga hanga, he mea nui ngā hua HPMC ki te here, ki te pupuri wai, me ētahi atu pānga. I muri i te whakaranu i tētahi iti o te HPMC me te moata sima, ka taea te whakanui ake i te matotoru, te kaha kume me te kaha kutikuti o te moata sima, te moata me te here, kia pai ake ai te mahi a ngā rauemi hanga, kia pai ake ai te kounga o te hanganga me te whai huatanga o te hanganga miihini. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui hoki te HPMC hei whakaroa i te hanga me te kawe i te raima arumoni, e whai wāhi ana ki te raka wai me te whakarei ake i ngā āhuatanga rheological o te raima. I tēnei wā, ko te HPMC te hua cellulose ether tino nui e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rauemi hiri hanga.
Ko te umanga hanga whare te pou matua o te ōhanga o te motu. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga i piki ake te rohe hanga whare mai i te 7.08 piriona mita pūrua i te tau 2010 ki te 14.42 piriona mita pūrua i te tau 2019, ā, koinei te tino akiaki i te tipu o te mākete cellulose ether.
I piki ake te pikinga whānui o te umanga hoko whenua, ā, i piki ake te whānuitanga o ngā mahi hanga me ngā hoko i ia tau. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga a te iwi whānui i te tau 2020, kei te heke haere tonu te hekenga o te rohe hanga hou o ngā whare noho arumoni i ia tau, i ia tau, mā te 1.87% i ia tau, ā, e matapaetia ana ka haere tonu te ia o te whakatikatika i te tau 2021. I ngā marama tuatahi e rua o tēnei tau, i hoki anō te tere tipu o ngā whare noho arumoni ki te 104.9%, he pikinga pai.
Te keri hinu
Ko ngā haumitanga ā-ao ki te E&P te mea tino pāngia ai te mākete ratonga hangarau keri, me te tata ki te 40% o te putea tūhuratanga ā-ao e whakatapua ana ki ngā ratonga hangarau keri.
I te wā e keri ana, e whakaputa ana hoki i te hinu, he mea nui te mahi a ngā wai keri ki te kawe me te whakatarewa i ngā maramara, ki te whakapakari i ngā pakitara o te kōhao me te whakataurite i te pēhanga hanganga, ki te whakamatao me te whakahinuhinu i te mata, me te whakawhiti i ngā kaha waiora. Nō reira, i roto i te mahi keri hinu, he mea tino nui kia mau tonu te makuku, te matotoru, te rere me ētahi atu tohu o te wai keri. Ka taea e te polyanionic cellulose, PAC rānei, te whakamātotoru, te whakahinuhinu i ngā mata, me te whakawhiti i ngā kaha waiora. Nā te uaua o ngā āhuatanga whenua o te wāhi rokiroki hinu me te uaua o te keri, he nui te tono mō te whakamahinga PAC.
Ahumahi whakauru rongoā
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā etera cellulose kore-ionic i roto i te umanga rongoā hei tāpiri rongoā, pērā i ngā mea whakamātotoru, ngā mea whakamarara, ngā mea whakaemulsifier me ngā mea hanga kiriata. E whakamahia ana mō te paninga kiriata me te whakapiri o ngā papa rongoā, ā, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i roto i ngā whakatārewatanga, ngā whakaritenga kanohi, ngā papa mānu me ētahi atu. Nā te kaha ake o ngā whakaritenga mō te parakore me te matotoru o ngā hua etera cellulose rongoā, he uaua te tukanga hanga, ā, he uaua ake ngā tikanga horoi. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu hua etera cellulose, he iti ake te tere kohikohi, he teitei ake te utu whakaputa, engari he teitei ake hoki te uara tāpiri o te hua. Ko ngā tāpiri rongoā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakaritenga rongoā matū, rongoā pateni Hainamana, hua koiora me te matū koiora me ētahi atu hua rongoā.
Nā te mea i tīmata tōmuri te umanga rauemi āwhina rongoā, he iti te taumata whanaketanga whānui i tēnei wā, me whakapai ake anō te tikanga ahumahi. I roto i te uara putanga o ngā whakaritenga rongoā ā-rohe, ko te uara putanga o ngā takai rongoā ā-rohe he iti noa te ōwehenga o te 2%-3%, he iti iho i tērā o ngā mea tāpiri rongoā o tāwāhi (tata ki te 15%). Ka kitea tonu he nui te wāhi mō te whanaketanga o ngā mea tāpiri rongoā ā-rohe, e matapaetia ana ka whai hua ki te akiaki i te tipu o te mākete cellulose ether e tika ana.
Wā tuku: 31 o Ākuhata-2022