Cellulose ether: zipangizo zopangira zinthu zomwe zili pamwamba pa mtsinje zimakhudza kwambiri, ndipo msika womwe uli pansi pa mtsinje ukukula.
Cellulose ether ndi mtundu wa zinthu zachilengedwe zochokera ku polima, zomwe zimakhala ndi emulsification ndi suspension. M'mitundu yambiri, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether yomwe ndi HPMC ndiyo yokolola kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kupanga kwake kukuwonjezeka mofulumira.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kupindula ndi kukula kwachuma cha dziko, kupanga cellulose ether m'dziko lathu kumawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Nthawi yomweyo, ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo wa m'dziko, kufunika koyambirira koitanitsa kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether yapamwamba tsopano kukukulirakulira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutumiza kunja kwa cellulose ether m'dzikomo kukukwera. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti kuyambira Januwale mpaka Novembala 2020, China idatumiza matani 64,806 a cellulose ether, okwera ndi 14.2% pachaka, kuposa chaka chonse cha 2019.
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kupindula ndi kukula kwachuma cha dziko, kupanga cellulose ether m'dziko lathu kumawonjezeka chaka ndi chaka. Nthawi yomweyo, ndi chitukuko cha sayansi ndi ukadaulo wa m'dziko, kufunika koyambirira koitanitsa kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether yapamwamba tsopano kukukulirakulira pang'onopang'ono, ndipo kutumiza kunja kwa cellulose ether m'dzikomo kukukwera. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti kuyambira Januwale mpaka Novembala 2020, China idatumiza matani 64,806 a cellulose ether, okwera ndi 14.2% pachaka, kuposa chaka chonse cha 2019.
Cellulose ether yakhudzidwa ndi mitengo ya thonje yokwera
Zipangizo zazikulu zopangira ma cellulose ethers ndi zinthu zaulimi ndi nkhalango, kuphatikizapo thonje loyengedwa, ndi mankhwala, kuphatikizapo propylene oxide. Zipangizo zopangira thonje loyengedwa ndi thonje lalifupi la cashmere, ndipo thonje lalifupi la cashmere limapangidwa makamaka ku Shandong, Xinjiang, Hebei ndi Jiangsu. Magwero a thonje la thonje ndi ochuluka kwambiri ndipo ali okwanira.
Thonje limakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa kapangidwe ka chuma cha ulimi wa zinthu, ndipo mtengo wake umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe komanso kupezeka ndi kufunikira kwa mayiko. Mofananamo, propylene oxide, chloromethane ndi mankhwala ena amakhudzidwanso ndi mitengo ya mafuta osakonzedwa padziko lonse lapansi. Popeza zinthu zopangira zimakhala ndi gawo lalikulu pa kapangidwe ka mtengo wa cellulose ether, kusinthasintha kwa mtengo wa zinthu zopangira kumakhudza mwachindunji mtengo wogulitsa wa cellulose ether.
Pofuna kuthana ndi kupsinjika kwa mtengo, opanga ma cellulose ether nthawi zambiri amasamutsa kupsinjika kupita kumakampani otsika mtengo, koma zotsatira zake zimakhudzidwa ndi zovuta za zinthu zaukadaulo, kusiyanasiyana kwa zinthu ndi kuchuluka kwa mtengo wazinthu ndi mtengo wowonjezera. Nthawi zambiri, mabizinesi omwe ali ndi zopinga zazikulu zaukadaulo, magulu olemera azinthu ndi mtengo wowonjezera wapamwamba ali ndi zabwino zambiri ndipo adzasunga phindu lalikulu lokhazikika. Kupanda kutero, mabizinesi amafunika kukumana ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa mtengo. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati malo akunja ndi osakhazikika ndipo kusinthasintha kwa zinthu kuli kwakukulu, mabizinesi apamwamba amakhala ofunitsitsa kusankha makasitomala otsika mtengo okhala ndi kupanga kwakukulu komanso mphamvu zambiri, kuti atsimikizire phindu lazachuma panthawi yake ndikuchepetsa zoopsa. Chifukwa chake, izi zimalepheretsa chitukuko cha mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono a cellulose ether mpaka pamlingo winawake.
Cellulose ether ndi mtundu wa zinthu zachilengedwe zochokera ku polima, zomwe zimakhala ndi emulsification ndi suspension. M'mitundu yambiri, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether yomwe ndi HPMC ndiyo yokolola kwambiri, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, kupanga kwake kukuwonjezeka mofulumira.
Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa sayansi ndi ukadaulo, msika wofunikira kwambiri ukukulirakulira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchito zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kukuyembekezeka kukula mosalekeza, ndipo kufunikira komwe kukuchitika kukupitilira kukula kokhazikika. Mu kapangidwe ka msika wa cellulose ether, zipangizo zomangira, kuchotsa mafuta, chakudya ndi madera ena ali ndi udindo waukulu. Pakati pawo, gawo la zipangizo zomangira ndilo msika waukulu kwambiri wa ogula, womwe uli ndi oposa 30%.
Makampani omanga ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri logwiritsa ntchito zinthu za HPMC
Mu makampani omanga, zinthu za HPMC zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri, kusunga madzi ndi zotsatira zina. Mukasakaniza HPMC pang'ono ndi simenti, kukhuthala, mphamvu yokoka ndi kuuma kwa simenti, simenti ndi chogwirira ntchito zimatha kuwonjezeka, kuti zinthu zomangira zigwire bwino ntchito, komanso kuti zomangamanga zikhale bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, HPMC ndi chida chofunikira kwambiri popanga ndi kunyamula simenti yogulitsa, chomwe chimagwira ntchito potseka madzi ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya rheological ya simenti. Pakadali pano, HPMC ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha cellulose ether chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga zinthu zomangira.
Makampani omanga ndiye maziko ofunikira kwambiri pa chuma cha dziko lathu. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti malo omanga nyumba adakwera kuchoka pa 7.08 biliyoni mita lalikulu mu 2010 kufika pa 14.42 biliyoni mita lalikulu mu 2019, zomwe zidapangitsa kuti msika wa cellulose ether ukule kwambiri.
Kukula kwa makampani ogulitsa nyumba kunakula, ndipo gawo lomanga ndi kugulitsa linakwera chaka ndi chaka. Deta ya anthu onse ikuwonetsa kuti mu 2020, kuchepa kwa mwezi uliwonse kwa malo atsopano omanga nyumba zamalonda kukupitirira kuchepa, kutsika ndi 1.87% pachaka, 2021 ikuyembekezeka kupitilizabe kukonza. M'miyezi iwiri yoyambirira ya chaka chino, kuchuluka kwa malo okhala nyumba zamalonda kunakweranso kufika pa 104.9%, kuwonjezeka koyenera.
Kuboola mafuta
Msika wamakampani opanga ntchito zaukadaulo wobowola umakhudzidwa makamaka ndi ndalama zapadziko lonse lapansi za E&P, ndipo pafupifupi 40% ya ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza padziko lonse lapansi zikugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito zaukadaulo wobowola.
Pakuboola ndi kupanga mafuta, madzi oboola amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakunyamula ndi kuyimitsa tchipisi, kulimbitsa makoma a mabowo ndi kulimbitsa mphamvu yopangira, kuziziritsa ndi kudzola mafuta, ndikusamutsa mphamvu za hydrodynamic. Chifukwa chake, pantchito yoboola mafuta, ndikofunikira kwambiri kusunga chinyezi choyenera, kukhuthala, kusinthasintha ndi zizindikiro zina za madzi oboola. Polyanionic cellulose, kapena PAC, imatha kukhuthala, kudzola mafuta, ndikusamutsa mphamvu za hydrodynamic. Chifukwa cha zovuta za geological za malo osungira mafuta komanso zovuta zoboola, pali kufunikira kwakukulu kwa kugwiritsa ntchito PAC.
Makampani opangira mankhwala
Ma ether a cellulose osakhala a ionic amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga mankhwala ngati zinthu zothandizira mankhwala, monga zothina, zosakaniza, zosakaniza ndi zopanga filimu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka filimu ndi zomatira za mapiritsi a mankhwala, ndipo angagwiritsidwenso ntchito poyimitsa, kukonza maso, mapiritsi oyandama ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa cha zofunikira zolimba pa kuyera ndi kukhuthala kwa zinthu za ether za mankhwala a cellulose, njira yopangira ndi yovuta kwambiri ndipo njira zotsukira zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Poyerekeza ndi zinthu zina za ether za cellulose, kuchuluka kwa kusonkhanitsa kumakhala kotsika, mtengo wopangira ndi wokwera, koma mtengo wowonjezera wa chinthucho ndi wokweranso. Zinthu zothandizira mankhwala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga mankhwala a mankhwala, mankhwala a patent aku China, zinthu zamoyo ndi za biochemical ndi zinthu zina zamankhwala.
Popeza makampani othandizira mankhwala anayamba mochedwa, kukula konse kuli kochepa pakadali pano, njira yogwirira ntchito m'makampaniyi iyenera kukonzedwanso. Pakati pa phindu la mankhwala opangidwa m'nyumba, phindu la mankhwala opangidwa m'nyumba ndi gawo lochepa la 2%-3%, lomwe ndi lotsika kwambiri kuposa la mankhwala ochokera kumayiko ena (pafupifupi 15%). Zikuoneka kuti pakadali pano pali malo ambiri oti pakhale mankhwala opangidwa m'nyumba, omwe akuyembekezeka kuyendetsa bwino kukula kwa msika wa cellulose ether.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-31-2022