Umukozi utanga serivisi mu ruganda rwa cellulose ether

Cellulose ether: ibikoresho fatizo byo mu rwego rwo hejuru bigira ingaruka zikomeye, kandi isoko ryo mu rwego rwo hasi ririmo kwiyongera.
Cellulose ether ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikomoka kuri polymer karemano, bifite imiterere yo gukurura no gukurura. Mu moko menshi, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether ari yo HPMC ni yo itanga umusaruro mwinshi, ikoreshwa cyane, umusaruro wayo uriyongera cyane.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, umusaruro wa eteri ya cellulose mu gihugu cyacu wiyongera buri mwaka. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu, icyifuzo cy’ibanze cyo gutumiza mu mahanga umubare munini wa eteri ya cellulose yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ubu kigenda gitangira, kandi koherezwa mu mahanga kwa eteri ya cellulose yo mu gihugu birimo kwiyongera. Amakuru agaragaza ko kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Ugushyingo 2020, Ubushinwa bwohereje mu mahanga toni 64.806 za eteri ya cellulose, byiyongereyeho 14.2% ugereranyije n’umwaka, ugereranyije n’umwaka wose wa 2019.
Mu myaka ya vuba aha, umusaruro wa eteri ya cellulose mu gihugu cyacu wiyongera buri mwaka. Muri icyo gihe, hamwe n’iterambere ry’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu, icyifuzo cy’ibanze cyo gutumiza mu mahanga umubare munini wa eteri ya cellulose yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ubu kigenda gitangira, kandi koherezwa mu mahanga kwa eteri ya cellulose yo mu gihugu birimo kwiyongera. Amakuru agaragaza ko kuva muri Mutarama kugeza Ugushyingo 2020, Ubushinwa bwohereje mu mahanga toni 64.806 za eteri ya cellulose, byiyongereyeho 14.2% ugereranyije n’umwaka, ugereranyije n’umwaka wose wa 2019.
Ingano ya eteri ya selulosi yagizweho ingaruka n'ibiciro by'ipamba biri hejuru
Ibikoresho by'ingenzi bya ether za cellulose birimo ibikomoka ku buhinzi n'amashyamba, harimo ipamba itunganyijwe, n'ibikomoka ku binyabutabire, harimo na okiside ya propylene. Ibikoresho by'ibanze bya ipamba itunganyijwe ni cashmere y'ipamba igufi, naho cashmere y'ipamba igufi ikorerwa cyane cyane muri Shandong, Xinjiang, Hebei na Jiangsu. Inkomoko y'ubwoya bw'ipamba irahagije cyane kandi irahagije.
Ipamba ifite uruhare runini mu miterere y’ubukungu bw’ubuhinzi bw’ibicuruzwa, kandi igiciro cyayo kigirwaho ingaruka n’imiterere karemano n’ibicuruzwa mpuzamahanga n’ibikenewe. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, propylene oxyde, chloromethane n’ibindi bicuruzwa bya chimique nabyo bigira ingaruka ku biciro bya peteroli mpuzamahanga. Kubera ko ibikoresho fatizo bifite uruhare runini mu miterere y’ibiciro bya eteri ya selulose, ihindagurika ry’igiciro cy’ibikoresho fatizo bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye ku giciro cyo kugurisha eteri ya selulose.
Kugira ngo bashobore guhangana n’umuvuduko w’ibiciro, abakora eteri ya cellulose bakunze kwimurira umuvuduko mu nganda zikiri hasi, ariko ingaruka zo kwimurira ziterwa n’ubugoranye bw’ibicuruzwa bya tekiniki, ubudasa bw’ibicuruzwa n’urwego rw’ikiguzi cy’ibicuruzwa n’agaciro k’inyongera. Muri rusange, ibigo bifite imbogamizi nyinshi mu bya tekiniki, ibyiciro by’ibicuruzwa bikungahaye ku bicuruzwa n’agaciro k’inyongera bifite inyungu nyinshi kandi bizakomeza kugira inyungu mbumbe idahindagurika. Bitabaye ibyo, ibigo bigomba guhura n’umuvuduko mwinshi w’ibiciro. Byongeye kandi, niba ibidukikije byo hanze bidahamye kandi ingano y’ihindagurika ry’ibicuruzwa ari nini, ibigo by’ibikoresho fatizo byo hejuru byiteguye guhitamo abakiriya bakomeye bafite umusaruro munini kandi bafite imbaraga nyinshi, kugira ngo bibone inyungu ku gihe kandi bigabanye ibyago. Kubwibyo, ibi bigabanya iterambere ry’ibigo bito bya eteri ya cellulose ku rugero runaka.
Cellulose ether ni ubwoko bw'ibikoresho bikomoka kuri polymer karemano, bifite imiterere yo gukurura no gukurura. Mu moko menshi, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether ari yo HPMC ni yo itanga umusaruro mwinshi, ikoreshwa cyane, umusaruro wayo uriyongera cyane.
Bitewe n’iterambere rikomeje mu bumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga, isoko ry’ibikenewe mu buryo burambye ririmo kwiyongera, kandi urwego rw’ibikenewe mu buryo burambye rwitezweho kwaguka buri gihe, kandi urwego rw’ibikenewe mu buryo burambye rurimo gukomeza kwiyongera. Mu miterere y’isoko rya cellulose ether, ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi, icukurwa rya peteroli, ibiribwa n’ibindi bicuruzwa bifite umwanya munini. Muri byo, urwego rw’ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi ni rwo runini ku isoko ry’abaguzi, rugizwe na 30%.
Inganda z'ubwubatsi ni zo zikoresha cyane ibicuruzwa bya HPMC
Mu nganda z'ubwubatsi, ibicuruzwa bya HPMC bigira uruhare runini mu guhuza, kubika amazi n'izindi ngaruka. Nyuma yo kuvanga HPMC nke na sima, ubukana, imbaraga zo gukurura no gukata za sima, sima na mashini bishobora kwiyongera, kugira ngo hongerwe imikorere y'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi, kunoza ubwiza bw'ubwubatsi n'imikorere myiza y'imashini. Byongeye kandi, HPMC ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu gukora no gutwara sima y'ubucuruzi, igira uruhare mu gufunga amazi no kongera imiterere ya rheological ya sima. Kuri ubu, HPMC ni yo eteri y'ingenzi cyane ikoreshwa mu gufunga ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi.
Inganda z’ubwubatsi ni inkingi ikomeye y’ubukungu bw’igihugu cyacu. Amakuru agaragaza ko ubuso bw’ubwubatsi bw’amazu bwiyongereye kuva kuri metero kare miliyari 7.08 mu 2010 bukagera kuri metero kare miliyari 14.42 mu 2019, bigatuma isoko rya eteri ya cellulose rikura cyane.
Iterambere rusange ry’inganda zishinzwe ubucuruzi bw’amazu ryariyongereye, kandi urwego rw’ubwubatsi n’ubucuruzi rwiyongereye uko umwaka ugenda uhita. Amakuru rusange agaragaza ko muri 2020, igabanuka rya buri kwezi ry’ahantu hashya ho kubaka amazu y’ubucuruzi rikomeje kugabanuka, rigabanukaho 1.87% ugereranyije n’umwaka, 2021 byitezwe ko hazakomeza igikorwa cyo gusana. Mu mezi abiri ya mbere y’uyu mwaka, igipimo cy’ubwiyongere bw’ahantu ho gutura amazu y’ubucuruzi cyazamutse kigera kuri 104.9%, ubwiyongere butangaje.
Gucukura amavuta
Isoko ry’inganda zikora ibijyanye no gucukura rigizweho ingaruka cyane cyane n’ishoramari ku isi mu bijyanye n’ubushakashatsi n’iterambere, aho hafi 40% by’ibikorwa by’ubushakashatsi ku isi bigamije gucukura.
Mu gihe cyo gucukura no gukora peteroli, amazi yo gucukura agira uruhare runini mu gutwara no guhagarika imashini, gukomeza inkuta z'imyobo no kuringaniza umuvuduko wo gukora, gukonjesha no gusiga amavuta, no kwimura imbaraga za hydrodynamic. Kubwibyo, mu kazi ko gucukura peteroli, ni ngombwa cyane kubungabunga ubushuhe bukwiye, ubukana, ubusugire n'ibindi bimenyetso by'amazi yo gucukura. Selulose ya polyanionic, cyangwa PAC, ishobora gukurura, gusiga amavuta, no kohereza imbaraga za hydrodynamic. Bitewe n'imiterere y'ubutaka igoye yo kubika peteroli n'ingorane zo gucukura, hari umubare munini w'abakenera gukoresha PAC.
Inganda zikora imiti
Eteri za cellulose zitari ionic zikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zikora imiti nk'ibintu bifasha mu miti, nk'ibinini bigabanya ubushyuhe, ibicanwa, ibinyabutabire n'ibitera filime. Ikoreshwa mu gusiga no gufunga ibinini by'imiti, kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa mu gusunika, gutegura amaso, ibinini biremba n'ibindi. Bitewe n'ibisabwa bikomeye ku buziranenge n'ubukana bw'ibicuruzwa bya cellulose bya miti, inzira yo kubikora iragoye kandi uburyo bwo kumesa burushaho kugorana. Ugereranyije n'ibindi bicuruzwa bya cellulose, igipimo cyo gukusanya kiri hasi, ikiguzi cyo gukora kiri hejuru, ariko agaciro k'inyongera k'ibicuruzwa na ko kari hejuru. Ibikoresho bifasha mu miti bikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gutegura imiti ya chimique, ubuvuzi bw'Abashinwa, ibicuruzwa bya biyolojiya n'ibindi bicuruzwa bya imiti.
Kubera ko inganda z’ibikoresho by’inyongera mu by’imiti zatangiye zitinze, urwego rw’iterambere muri rusange ruri hasi muri iki gihe, uburyo inganda zikora bugomba kunozwa kurushaho. Mu gaciro k’umusaruro w’imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda, agaciro k’imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda kangana na 2%-3%, kari hasi cyane ugereranyije n’iy’imiti ikoreshwa mu mahanga (hafi 15%). Bigaragara ko hakiri umwanya munini wo guteza imbere imiti ikoreshwa mu nganda, byitezwe ko bizamura neza isoko rya ether ya cellulose.