Cellulose ke polysaccharide e rarahaneng e entsoeng ka diyuniti tse ngata tsa glucose tse hokahantsweng ke dibonto tsa β-1,4-glycosidic. Ke karolo e ka sehloohong ya mabota a sele ya semela mme e fa mabota a sele ya semela tshehetso e matla ya sebopeho le ho tiya. Ka lebaka la ketane e telele ya dimolek'hule tsa cellulose le kristale e phahameng, e na le botsitso bo matla le ho se qhibilihe.
(1) Litšobotsi tsa cellulose le bothata ba ho qhibiliha
Cellulose e na le litšobotsi tse latelang tse etsang hore ho be thata ho qhibiliha:
Kristalini e phahameng: Liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose li theha sebopeho se tiileng sa lattice ka litlamo tsa haedrojene le matla a van der Waals.
Tekanyo e phahameng ea polymerization: Tekanyo ea polymerization (ke hore bolelele ba ketane ea limolek'hule) ea cellulose e phahame, hangata e tloha ho makholo ho isa ho likete tsa li-unit tsa glucose, e leng se eketsang botsitso ba molek'hule.
Marangrang a tlamo ea haedrojene: Litlamo tsa haedrojene li teng haholo lipakeng le ka hare ho liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose, e leng se etsang hore ho be thata ho senngoa le ho qhibilihisoa ke li-solvents tse akaretsang.
(2) Li-reagent tse qhibilihisang cellulose
Hona joale, li-reagent tse tsebahalang tse ka qhalang cellulose ka katleho li kenyelletsa haholo-holo mekhahlelo e latelang:
1. Metsi a Ionic
Metsi a ionic ke metsi a entsoeng ka li-cation tsa tlhaho le li-anion tsa tlhaho kapa tse sa tloaelehang, hangata li na le ho feto-fetoha ho tlase, botsitso bo phahameng ba mocheso le ho feto-fetoha ho hoholo. Metsi a mang a ionic a ka qhala cellulose, 'me mokhoa o ka sehloohong ke ho roba litlamo tsa haedrojene pakeng tsa liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose. Metsi a tloaelehileng a ionic a qhalang cellulose a kenyelletsa:
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl): Mokelikeli ona oa ionic o qhala cellulose ka ho sebelisana le libonto tsa haedrojene ka har'a cellulose ka li-receptor tsa libonto tsa haedrojene.
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][Ac]): Mokelikeli ona oa ionic o ka qhala maemo a phahameng a cellulose tlas'a maemo a bonolo haholo.
2. Tharollo ea oksideiti ea amine
Tharollo ea amine oxidant joalo ka tharollo e tsoakiloeng ea diethylamine (DEA) le chloride ea koporo e bitsoa [tharollo ea Cu(II)-ammonium], e leng sistimi e matla ea ho qhibilihisa e ka qhibilihisang cellulose. E senya sebopeho sa kristale sa cellulose ka oxidation le ho kopana ha haedrojene, e leng se etsang hore ketane ea limolek'hule ea cellulose e be bonolo le e qhibilihang haholoanyane.
3. Sistimi ea Lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide (LiCl-DMac)
Sistimi ea LiCl-DMac (lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide) ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea khale ea ho qhala cellulose. LiCl e ka theha tlholisano ea libonto tsa haedrojene, ka hona ea senya marang-rang a libonto tsa haedrojene pakeng tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose, ha DMac e le solvent e ka sebelisana hantle le ketane ea limolek'hule tsa cellulose.
4. Tharollo ea Hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride
Tharollo ea hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride ke reagent e fumanoeng qalong e ka qhalang cellulose. E ka qhala cellulose ka ho theha phello ea khokahano pakeng tsa liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa zinc chloride le cellulose, le hydrochloric acid e senyang litlamo tsa haedrojene pakeng tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose. Leha ho le joalo, tharollo ena e senya haholo lisebelisoa 'me e lekanyelitsoe lits'ebetsong tse sebetsang.
5. Li-enzyme tsa Fibrinolytic
Li-enzyme tsa fibrinolytic (tse kang li-cellulase) li qhala cellulose ka ho etsa hore cellulose e bole hore e be li-oligosaccharide tse nyane le li-monosaccharide. Mokhoa ona o na le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso masimong a ho bola ha biomass le phetoho ea biomass, leha ts'ebetso ea eona ea ho qhibiliha e se ho qhibiliha ka botlalo ka lik'hemik'hale, empa e finyelloa ka biocatalysis.
(3) Mokhoa oa ho qhibiliha ha cellulose
Li-reagent tse fapaneng li na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho qhala cellulose, empa ka kakaretso li ka amahanngoa le mekhoa e 'meli e meholo:
Ho senngoa ha dibonto tsa haeterojene: Ho senngoa ha dibonto tsa haeterojene pakeng tsa diketane tsa dimolek'hule tsa cellulose ka ho thehwa ha dibonto tsa haeterojene tse hlwahlwa kapa ho sebelisana ha ionic, ho etsa hore e qhibilihe.
Ho phomotsa ketane ea limolek'hule: Ho eketsa bonolo ba liketane tsa limolek'hule tsa cellulose le ho fokotsa kristale ea liketane tsa limolek'hule ka mekhoa ea 'mele kapa ea lik'hemik'hale, e le hore li ka qhibilihisoa ka har'a li-solvents.
(4) Litšebeliso tse sebetsang tsa ho qhibiliha ha cellulose
Ho qhibiliha ha cellulose ho na le lits'ebetso tsa bohlokoa masimong a mangata:
Ho lokisa di-derivative tsa cellulose: Kamora ho qhibilihisa cellulose, e ka fetoloa ka dikhemikhale ho lokisa di-ether tsa cellulose, di-ester tsa cellulose le di-derivative tse ding, tse sebediswang haholo dijong, merianeng, dikobong le mafapheng a mang.
Lisebelisoa tse thehiloeng ho cellulose: Ho sebelisoa cellulose e qhibilihisitsoeng, li-nanofiber tsa cellulose, lera la cellulose le lisebelisoa tse ling li ka lokisoa. Lisebelisoa tsena li na le thepa e ntle ea mechini le ho lumellana ha lintho tse phelang.
Matla a biomass: Ka ho qhibilihisa le ho senya cellulose, a ka fetoloa tsoekere e belang bakeng sa tlhahiso ea li-biofuel tse kang bioethanol, e thusang ho fihlela nts'etsopele le ts'ebeliso ea matla a nchafatsoang.
Ho qhalana ha cellulose ke ts'ebetso e rarahaneng e kenyeletsang mekhoa e mengata ea lik'hemik'hale le ea 'mele. Metsi a ionic, litharollo tsa amino oxidant, litsamaiso tsa LiCl-DMAc, litharollo tsa hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride le li-enzyme tsa cellolytic hajoale li tsejoa e le li-agent tse sebetsang bakeng sa ho qhala cellulose. Moemeli ka mong o na le mokhoa oa hae o ikhethang oa ho qhala le tšimo ea ts'ebeliso. Ka thuto e tebileng ea mokhoa oa ho qhala cellulose, ho lumeloa hore mekhoa ea ho qhala e sebetsang hantle le e mosa ho tikoloho e tla hlahisoa, e fane ka menyetla e mengata ea ts'ebeliso le nts'etsopele ea cellulose.
Nako ea poso: Phupu-09-2024