Cellulose bụ polysaccharide dị mgbagwoju anya nke mejupụtara ọtụtụ nkeji glucose jikọtara site na njikọ β-1,4-glycosidic. Ọ bụ isi ihe dị na mgbidi mkpụrụ osisi ma na-enye mgbidi mkpụrụ osisi nkwado siri ike na ike. N'ihi ogologo yinye mkpụrụ ndụ cellulose na nnukwu kristal, ọ na-enwe nkwụsi ike siri ike na enweghị ike ịgbaze.
(1) Àgwà nke cellulose na ihe isi ike n'ịgbaze
Cellulose nwere ihe ndị a na-eme ka ọ sie ike ịgbaze:
Nnukwu kristal: Agbụ ígwè cellulose na-etolite usoro lattice siri ike site na njikọ hydrogen na ike van der Waals.
Oke ogo nke polymerization: Oke nke polymerization (ya bụ, ogologo nke yinye molekul) nke cellulose dị elu, na-abụkarị site na narị otu narị ruo puku kwuru puku nke glucose units, nke na-eme ka molekul ahụ kwụsie ike.
Netwọk njikọ hydrogen: Njikọ hydrogen dị n'etiti na n'ime agbụ molekul cellulose, nke na-eme ka ọ sie ike ibibi ma gbazee site na ihe mgbaze izugbe.
(2) Ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe na-agbaze cellulose
Ugbu a, ihe ndị a maara nke ọma nke nwere ike ịgbaze cellulose nke ọma gụnyere ndị a:
1. Mmiri Ionic
Mmiri Ionic bụ mmiri mmiri mejupụtara cations organic na anions organic ma ọ bụ inorganic, na-enwekarị obere mgbanwe, okpomọkụ dị elu na ike ịgbanwe agbanwe. Ụfọdụ mmiri ionic nwere ike ịgbaze cellulose, isi usoro bụ imebi njikọ hydrogen n'etiti agbụ molekul cellulose. Mmiri ionic ndị a na-ahụkarị na-agbaze cellulose gụnyere:
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl): Mmiri ionic a na-agbaze cellulose site na mmekọrịta ya na njikọ hydrogen na cellulose site na ndị na-anabata njikọ hydrogen.
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][Ac]): Mmiri ionic a nwere ike ịgbaze oke mkpokọta cellulose n'ọnọdụ dị nro.
2. Mmiri ọgwụ Amine
A na-akpọ ihe ngwọta amine oxidant dị ka ngwakọta nke diethylamine (DEA) na copper chloride [Cu(II)-ammonium solution], nke bụ sistemụ ihe mgbaze siri ike nke nwere ike ịgbaze cellulose. Ọ na-ebibi usoro kristal nke cellulose site na oxidation na njikọ hydrogen, na-eme ka usoro molekul cellulose dị nro ma na-agbaze karịa.
3. Sistemụ Lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide (LiCl-DMac)
Usoro LiCl-DMac (lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide) bụ otu n'ime ụzọ ochie e si agbaze cellulose. LiCl nwere ike ịmepụta asọmpi maka njikọ hydrogen, si otú a bibie netwọk njikọ hydrogen n'etiti molekul cellulose, ebe DMAc dịka ihe mgbaze nwere ike imekọrịta nke ọma na yinye molekul cellulose.
4. Mmiri hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride
Mmiri hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride bụ ihe a chọpụtara n'oge gara aga nke nwere ike ịgbaze cellulose. Ọ nwere ike ịgbaze cellulose site n'ịmepụta mmetụta nhazi n'etiti zinc chloride na cellulose molecular yinye, na hydrochloric acid na-ebibi njikọ hydrogen n'etiti cellulose molecules. Agbanyeghị, ngwọta a na-emebi akụrụngwa nke ukwuu ma a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ụzọ bara uru.
5. Enzymes Fibrinolytic
Enzymes Fibrinolytic (dịka cellulases) na-agbaze cellulose site n'ịkwalite mmebi nke cellulose ka ọ bụrụ obere oligosaccharides na monosaccharides. Usoro a nwere ọtụtụ ojiji n'ọhịa nke mmebi bio na mgbanwe biomass, ọ bụ ezie na usoro mgbasa ya abụghị nke kemịkalụ kpamkpam, mana a na-enweta ya site na biocatalysis.
(3) Usoro nke ịgbasa cellulose
Ihe ndị na-emegharị ihe dị iche iche nwere usoro dị iche iche maka ịgbari cellulose, mana n'ozuzu ha, enwere ike ịkọwa ha site na usoro abụọ bụ isi:
Mbibi nke njikọ hydrogen: Ibibi njikọ hydrogen dị n'etiti agbụ molekul cellulose site na nhazi njikọ hydrogen asọmpi ma ọ bụ mmekọrịta ionic, na-eme ka ọ gbazee.
Nkwụsị nke usoro molekul: Ịbawanye nro nke usoro molekul cellulose ma belata kristal nke usoro molekul site na iji ihe anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ, ka e wee nwee ike ịgbaze ha na ihe mgbaze.
(4) Ngwa bara uru nke mgbasa nke cellulose
Mgbasa nke cellulose nwere ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọtụtụ mpaghara:
Nkwadebe nke ihe ndị sitere na cellulose: Mgbe ọ gbasasịrị cellulose, enwere ike ịgbanwe ya site na kemịkalụ ka ọ kwadebe cellulose ethers, cellulose esters na ihe ndị ọzọ sitere na ya, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe na nri, ọgwụ, mkpuchi na mpaghara ndị ọzọ.
Ihe ndị e ji cellulose mee: A pụrụ iji cellulose agbazere agbaze, cellulose nanofibers, cellulose membranes na ihe ndị ọzọ kwadebe ihe ndị a. Ihe ndị a nwere ezigbo ihe onwunwe igwe na ndakọrịta bio.
Ike biomass: Site na ịgbaze ma mebie cellulose, enwere ike ịgbanwe ya ka ọ bụrụ shuga a na-agbaze agbaze maka mmepụta mmanụ bio dịka bioethanol, nke na-enyere aka imepe ma jiri ike mmeghari ohuru mee ihe.
Mgbasa nke cellulose bụ usoro dị mgbagwoju anya nke gụnyere ọtụtụ usoro kemịkalụ na anụ ahụ. Mmiri Ionic, ngwọta amino oxidant, sistemụ LiCl-DMac, ngwọta hydrochloric acid/zinc chloride na enzymes cellolytic bụ ihe ndị dị irè maka ịgbaze cellulose. Ihe ọ bụla nwere usoro mgbaze pụrụ iche na ubi ojiji ya. Site na ọmụmụ miri emi nke usoro mgbaze cellulose, a kwenyere na a ga-emepụta ụzọ mgbaze dị irè karị na nke na-adịghị ize ndụ gburugburu ebe obibi, na-enye ohere ka ukwuu maka iji na mmepe nke cellulose.
Oge ozi: Julaị-09-2024