He polysaccharide matatini te cellulose, he maha ngā waeine hukahuka e honoa ana e ngā hononga β-1,4-glycosidic. Koinei te wāhanga matua o ngā pakitara pūtau tipu, ā, ka homai he tautoko hanganga kaha me te pakari ki ngā pakitara pūtau tipu. Nā te mekameka ngota cellulose roa me te tioata teitei, he pakari tōna pumau me te kore e wairewa.
(1) Ngā āhuatanga o te cellulose me te uaua ki te whakarewa
Kei te Cellulose ēnei āhuatanga e uaua ai te whakarewa:
Teitei o te tioata: Ka hangaia e ngā mekameka ngota ngota cellulose he hanganga whatunga piripono mā roto i ngā hononga hauwai me ngā kaha van der Waals.
Teitei o te whakapūhuitanga: He teitei te nui o te whakapūhuitanga (arā, te roa o te mekameka ngota) o te cellulose, mai i ngā rau ki ngā mano o ngā waeine hukahuka, ka whakanui ake i te pumau o te ngota.
Whatunga here hauwai: He whānuitia ngā here hauwai i waenganui i ngā mekameka ngota cellulose me roto hoki, ā, he uaua ki te whakangaro me te whakarewa e ngā whakarewa whānui.
(2) Ngā matū hei whakarewa i te cellulose
I tēnei wā, ko ngā matū e mōhiotia ana ka taea te whakarewa i te cellulose ko ēnei wāhanga matua:
1. Ngā Wai Ionic
Ko ngā wai ionic he wai i hangaia mai i ngā kationa waro me ngā anion waro, kore-waro rānei, he iti te piki me te heke o te pāmahana, he nui te pumau o te wera, ā, he nui te āheinga ki te whakarerekē. Ka taea e ētahi wai ionic te whakarewa i te cellulose, ā, ko te tikanga matua ko te wawahi i ngā here hauwai i waenga i ngā mekameka ngota cellulose. Ko ngā wai ionic noa e whakarewa ana i te cellulose ko:
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl): Ka whakarewahia e tēnei wai ionic te cellulose mā te taunekeneke ki ngā here hauwai i roto i te cellulose mā roto i ngā kaiwhiwhi here hauwai.
1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][Ac]): Ka taea e tēnei wai ionic te whakarewa i ngā kukū tiketike o te cellulose i raro i ngā āhuatanga ngawari.
2. Otinga whakahāora amine
Ko te otinga waikura amine pērā i te ranunga o te diethylamine (DEA) me te konukuraita konupora e kiia ana ko te [waikura Cu(II)-ammonium], he pūnaha whakarewa kaha e taea ai te whakarewa i te cellulose. Ka whakangaromia e ia te hanganga tioata o te cellulose mā te waikura me te hononga hauwai, ka ngawari ake te mekameka ngota cellulose, ka wairewa ake.
3. Pūnaha konupūmā-dimethylacetamide (LiCl-DMac)
Ko te pūnaha LiCl-DMac (lithium chloride-dimethylacetamide) tētahi o ngā tikanga matarohia mō te whakarewa i te cellulose. Ka taea e LiCl te whakataetae mō ngā hononga hauwai, ā, ka whakangaro i te whatunga hononga hauwai i waenga i ngā ngota cellulose, i te mea ka taea e te DMAc hei whakarewa te taunekeneke pai ki te mekameka ngota cellulose.
4. Wairewa waikawa hauwai/konutea konutea
Ko te otinga waikawa hauwaiora/konutea konutea he matū hou kua kitea e taea ai te whakarewa i te cellulose. Ka taea e ia te whakarewa i te cellulose mā te hanga i tētahi pānga taunga i waenga i te konutea konutea me ngā mekameka ngota cellulose, me te waikawa hauwaiora e whakangaro ana i ngā hononga hauwai i waenga i ngā ngota cellulose. Heoi, he tino waikura tēnei otinga ki ngā taputapu, ā, he iti noa iho ngā whakamahinga mahi.
5. Ngā whākōkī fibrinolytic
Ka whakarewahia e ngā whākōkī fibrinolytic (pērā i ngā cellulases) te cellulose mā te whakatere i te pirau o te cellulose ki ngā oligosaccharides iti ake me ngā monosaccharides. He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o tēnei tikanga i roto i ngā mara o te pirau koiora me te hurihanga koiora, ahakoa ehara tōna tukanga whakarewa i te whakarewa matū katoa, engari ka tutuki mā te biocatalysis.
(3) Te tikanga o te whakarewanga o te cellulose
He rerekē ngā tikanga whakarewa o ngā matū rerekē mō te whakarewa i te cellulose, engari i te nuinga o te wā ka taea te kī ko ēnei ngā tikanga matua e rua:
Te whakangaromanga o ngā here hauwai: Te whakangaro i ngā here hauwai i waenga i ngā mekameka ngota ngota cellulose mā te hanganga here hauwai whakataetae, te taunekeneke katote rānei, kia wairewa ai.
Te whakangāwari i te mekameka ngota: Te whakanui ake i te ngohengohe o ngā mekameka ngota cellulose me te whakaiti i te tioata o ngā mekameka ngota mā ngā tikanga ā-tinana, ā-matū rānei, kia taea ai te rewa i roto i ngā whakarewa.
(4) Ngā whakamahinga whai hua o te whakarewanga o te cellulose
He nui ngā whakamahinga o te whakarewatanga o te cellulose i roto i ngā mara maha:
Te whakarite i ngā matū e pā ana ki te cellulose: I muri i te whakarewatanga o te cellulose, ka taea te whakarerekē matū anō hei whakarite i ngā ether cellulose, ngā ester cellulose me ētahi atu matū e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te kai, te rongoā, ngā paninga me ētahi atu mara.
Ngā rauemi kei roto i te cellulose: Ka taea te whakarite mā te whakamahi i te cellulose rewa, ngā muka nano cellulose, ngā kiriuhi cellulose me ētahi atu rauemi. He pai ngā āhuatanga miihini me te hototahi ki te koiora o ēnei rauemi.
Pūngao koiora: Mā te whakarewa me te whakaiti i te cellulose, ka taea te huri hei huka whakapūkara mō te hanga wahie koiora pērā i te bioethanol, e āwhina ana ki te whakatutuki i te whanaketanga me te whakamahinga o te pūngao hou.
He tukanga uaua te whakarewatanga o te cellulose e uru ana ki ngā tikanga matū me ngā tikanga ā-tinana maha. Ko ngā wai ionic, ngā otinga amino oxidant, ngā pūnaha LiCl-DMAc, ngā otinga waikawa hauwaiora/konutea konutea me ngā whākōkī cellolytic e mōhiotia ana i tēnei wā he kaihoko whai hua mō te whakarewa i te cellulose. He tikanga whakarewa motuhake tō ia kaihoko me tōna mara tono. Mā te rangahau hōhonu o te tikanga whakarewatanga o te cellulose, e whakaponohia ana ka whakawhanakehia ngā tikanga whakarewatanga pai ake, ā, he pai ake hoki mō te taiao, ka nui ake ngā huarahi mō te whakamahinga me te whanaketanga o te cellulose.
Wā tuku: Hōngongoi-09-2024