Methylcellulose (MC)
Formula ya molekile ya methylcellulose (MC) ni:
[C6H7O2(OH)3-saa(OCH3)n\]x
Uburyo bwo gukora ni ugukora eteri ya selulose binyuze mu buryo butandukanye nyuma y’uko ipamba itunganyijwe ivuguruwe na alkali, maze methyl chloride igakoreshwa nk'ikintu gihindura eteri. Muri rusange, urwego rwo gusimbuza ni 1.6 ~ 2.0, kandi gushonga nabyo biratandukanye iyo ugereranyije n’urwego rwo gusimbuza. Ni iya eteri ya selulose itari ionic.
Methylcellulose irashonga mu mazi akonje, kandi bizagorana kuyishonga mu mazi ashyushye. Umuti wayo w'amazi uhamye cyane mu gipimo cya pH = 3 ~ 12.
Ikorana neza na sitashi, guar gum, nibindi ndetse nibindi byinshi bifasha mu gukora surfactants. Iyo ubushyuhe bugeze ku bushyuhe bwo gukora gelation, gelation iba ihari.
Uburyo methylcellulose igumana amazi biterwa n'ingano yayo, ubukana bwayo, ubuto bw'uduce duto ndetse n'umuvuduko wayo wo gushonga.
Muri rusange, iyo ingano y’inyongera ari nini, ubutobe buba buto, kandi ubutobe bukaba bunini, igipimo cyo kubika amazi kiba kinini. Muri byo, ingano y’inyongera igira ingaruka zikomeye ku gipimo cyo kubika amazi, kandi urwego rw’ubutobe ntabwo rungana neza n’urwego rw’ubutobe bw’amazi. Igipimo cyo gusenyuka gishingira ahanini ku rugero rw’impinduka z’ubuso bw’uduce twa selulose n’ubutobe bw’uduce.
Muri eteri za selulosi zavuzwe haruguru, selulosi ya methyl na selulosi ya hydroxypropyl methyl bifite igipimo cyo hejuru cyo kubika amazi.
Karuboksimetiliseliselulosi (CMC)
Selulosi ya Carboxymethyl, izwi kandi nka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, izwi cyane nka selulosi, cmc, nibindi, ni polymeri ifite umurongo wa anionic, umunyu wa sodium wa selulosi carboxylate, kandi ishobora kongera gukoreshwa kandi ntishira. Ibikoresho fatizo bya shimi.
Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu nganda zisukura, mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa no mu mazi acukura peteroli, kandi ingano ikoreshwa mu kwisiga ingana na 1% gusa.
Ionic cellulose ether ikorwa mu migozi karemano (ipamba, nibindi) nyuma yo kuvurwa na alkali, hakoreshejwe sodium monochloroacetate nk'umusemburo wa etherification, kandi ikorerwa ubuvuzi butandukanye.
Igipimo cyo gusimbuza muri rusange ni 0.4 ~ 1.4, kandi imikorere yacyo igirwaho ingaruka cyane n'igipimo cyo gusimbuza.
CMC ifite ubushobozi bwo gufatanya neza, kandi umuti wayo w'amazi ufite ubushobozi bwo guhagarika neza, ariko nta gaciro nyako ka pulasitiki ifite.
Iyo CMC ishongeshejwe, depolymerization iba koko. Viscosity itangira kuzamuka mu gihe cyo gushonga, ikanyura mu rugero ntarengwa, hanyuma ikamanuka ikagera ku gice cy'ubutaka. Viscosity ivamo ifitanye isano no depolymerization.
Igipimo cyo gukuraho polymeri gifitanye isano rya hafi n'ingano y'amazi (solvent) make mu mvange. Mu buryo bubi bwo gushonga, nk'umuti wo koza amenyo urimo glycerin n'amazi, CMC ntabwo izakuraho polymeri burundu kandi izagera ku rugero rwo kuringaniza.
Mu gihe cy’amazi menshi, CMC ikoresha amazi menshi kandi ihindagurika cyane biroroshye kuyikuraho kurusha CMC ikoresha amazi make.
Hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC)
HEC ikorwa hakoreshejwe ipamba itunganyijwe na alkali, hanyuma igakoreshwa na ethylene oxide nk'ikintu gihindura umwuka mu gihe hari acetone. Ubusanzwe urwego rwo kuyisimbura ni 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ifite ubushobozi bwo kunyura mu mazi kandi yoroshye kuyifata.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose irashongesha mu mazi akonje, ariko biragoye kuyishongesha mu mazi ashyushye. Umuti wayo uhoraho iyo ubushyuhe bwinshi burenzeho.
Irakomera ku buryo idashobora kwangirika ku buryo busanzwe. Alkali ishobora kwihutisha gushonga no kongera ubukana bwayo. Kudashobora gukwirakwira mu mazi ni bibi gato kurusha ibya methyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose (HPMC)
Formula ya molekile ya HPMC ni:
\[C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m,OCH2CH(OH)CH3\]n\]x
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ni ubwoko bwa cellulose buvamo umusaruro n'ikoreshwa ryiyongera cyane.
Ni eteri ivanze na cellulose itari ionic ikozwe mu ipamba itunganyijwe nyuma yo kuyitunganya, ikoresheje propylene oxide na methyl chloride nk'ikintu gihindura ether, binyuze mu buryo butandukanye. Igipimo cyo kuyihindura muri rusange ni 1.2 ~ 2.0.
Imiterere yayo iratandukanye bitewe n'ibipimo bitandukanye by'ingano ya methoxyl n'ingano ya hydroxypropyl.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ishongeshwa byoroshye mu mazi akonje, ariko ihura n'ingorane mu gushonga mu mazi ashyushye. Ariko ubushyuhe bwayo bwo gushonga mu mazi ashyushye buri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n'ubwa methyl cellulose. Gushonga mu mazi akonje nabyo birarushaho kwiyongera ugereranije na methyl cellulose.
Uburemere bwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bufitanye isano n'uburemere bwayo bwa molekile, kandi uko uburemere bwa molekile burushaho kuba bwinshi, niko uburemere burushaho kuba bwinshi. Ubushyuhe nabwo bugira ingaruka ku buremere bwayo, uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera, uburemere bugabanuka. Ariko, uburemere bwayo bwinshi bugira ingaruka ku bushyuhe buke ugereranyije na methyl cellulose. Umuti wayo uhoraho iyo ubitswe ku bushyuhe bw'icyumba.
Uburyo hydroxypropyl methylcellulose igumana amazi biterwa n'ingano yayo, ubukana bwayo, n'ibindi, kandi igipimo cyo kubika amazi ku rugero rumwe rwo kongeramo kiri hejuru kurusha icya methyl cellulose.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose irahindagurika cyane kuri aside na alkali, kandi umuti wayo w'amazi urahindagurika cyane mu rugero rwa pH = 2 ~ 12. Soda ya Caustic na lime amazi ntacyo bigira ku mikorere yayo, ariko alkali ishobora kwihutisha gushonga kwayo no kongera ubukana bwayo.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose irahindagurika ku munyu usanzwe, ariko iyo ubwinshi bw'umunyu buri hejuru, ubushyuhe bw'umunyu wa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose bukunda kwiyongera.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ishobora kuvangwa n'ibinyabutabire bya polymer bishongeshwa n'amazi kugira ngo bikore umuti umwe kandi ufite ubukana bwinshi. Nka polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, vegetable gum, nibindi.
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ifite ubudahangarwa bwiza bwa enzymes kurusha methylcellulose, kandi umuti wayo ntabwo ushobora kwangirika cyane kurusha methylcellulose.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare 14-2023