Njira yopukutira ma cellulose ethers imaphatikizapo magawo angapo ochotsera cellulose kuchokera kuzinthu zopangira kenako nkuzisintha kukhala ma cellulose ethers. Ma cellulose ethers ndi mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mankhwala, chakudya, nsalu ndi zomangamanga. Njira yopukutira ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti mupeze cellulose yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe ndi njira yopangira ma cellulose ethers. Izi ndi kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane kwa njira yopukutira ma cellulose ether:
1. Kusankha zinthu zopangira:
Njira yopangira pulping imayamba ndi kusankha zinthu zopangira zomwe zili ndi cellulose. Zinthu zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo matabwa, thonje, ndi ulusi wina wa zomera. Kusankha zinthu zopangira kumadalira zinthu monga kupezeka kwa cellulose ether, mtengo wake, ndi makhalidwe omwe akufuna.
2. Njira yopangira zamkati:
Pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito cellulose pulping, makamaka kuphatikiza mankhwala pulping ndi makina pulping.
3. Kupopera mankhwala:
Kupaka kwa Kraft: Kumaphatikizapo kuchiza matabwa ndi chisakanizo cha sodium hydroxide ndi sodium sulfide. Njira imeneyi imasungunula lignin, ndikusiya ulusi wa cellulosic.
Kupopera kwa Sulfite: Kugwiritsa ntchito sulfurous acid kapena bisulfite kuti mugaye lignin m'zakudya.
Kusungunula zinthu zachilengedwe: Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zachilengedwe monga ethanol kapena methanol kusungunula lignin ndikulekanitsa ulusi wa cellulose.
4. Kupopera kwa makina:
Kupukuta matabwa pogwiritsa ntchito miyala: Kumaphatikizapo kupukuta matabwa pakati pa miyala kuti alekanitse ulusi ndi makina.
Kupukuta kwa Makina Oyeretsera: Kumagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya makina kulekanitsa ulusi mwa kuyeretsa zidutswa za matabwa.
5. Kuyeretsa:
Pambuyo pochotsa zinthu zodetsedwa, cellulose imachotsedwa utoto kuti ichotse zinthu zodetsedwa ndi utoto. Chlorine, chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide kapena oxygen zingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi ya bleaching.
5.. Kusintha kwa selulosi:
Pambuyo poyeretsa, cellulose imasinthidwa kuti ipange ma ether a cellulose. Njira zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo etherification, esterification ndi zina zomwe zimachitika kuti zisinthe mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka cellulose.
6. Njira yopangira etherization:
Alkalization: Kuchiza cellulose ndi alkali (nthawi zambiri sodium hydroxide) kuti apange alkali cellulose.
Kuwonjezera zinthu zotenthetsera: Alkaline cellulose imakumana ndi zinthu zotenthetsera (monga alkyl halides kapena alkylene oxides) kuti ipange magulu a ether mu kapangidwe ka cellulose.
Kuletsa: Kuletsa kusakaniza kwa reaction kuti kuthetse reaction ndikupeza cellulose ether yomwe mukufuna.
7. Kutsuka ndi kuumitsa:
Chopangidwa ndi cellulose ether chimatsukidwa kuti chichotse zinthu zina ndi zinyalala. Pambuyo poyeretsa, nsaluyo imaumitsidwa kuti ipeze chinyezi chomwe mukufuna.
8. Kupera ndi kuyeretsa:
Ma ether ouma a cellulose amatha kuphwanyidwa kuti apeze tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timafunika kukula. Kusefa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timafunika kukula.
8. Kuwongolera khalidwe:
Njira zowongolera khalidwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire kuti ma ether a cellulose akukwaniritsa miyezo inayake. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuyesa kukhuthala, kuchuluka kwa kusintha, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi ndi zina zofunika.
9. Kulongedza ndi kutumiza:
Chogulitsa chomaliza cha cellulose ether chimapakidwa ndikugawidwa ku mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Kupakidwa koyenera kumatsimikizira kuti khalidwe la chinthucho limasungidwa bwino panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula.
Njira yopangira cellulose ether ndi njira yovuta yosankha zinthu zopangira, njira yopangira cellulose, kuyeretsa, kusintha cellulose, kuyeretsa, kutsuka, kuumitsa, kupera ndi kuwongolera khalidwe. Gawo lililonse ndilofunika kwambiri podziwa ubwino ndi makhalidwe a cellulose ether yopangidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo kukupitilizabe kukonza ndikukonza njirazi kuti ziwonjezere magwiridwe antchito komanso kukhazikika kwa kupanga cellulose ether.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-15-2024