Dothi la ufa wouma ndi dothi lopangidwa ndi zinthu zopangira fakitale pogwiritsa ntchito njira yolondola komanso yosakanizirana. Lingagwiritsidwe ntchito pongowonjezera madzi ndikusakaniza pamalo omangira. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dothi la ufa wouma, limagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zake ndikuti gawo lake lopyapyala limagwira ntchito yomangirira, kukongoletsa, kuteteza ndi kuphimba. Mwachitsanzo, dothi lomwe lili ndi ntchito yayikulu yomangirira limaphatikizapo dothi la miyala, dothi la matailosi a khoma ndi pansi, dothi lolozera, dothi lomangirira, ndi zina zotero; dothi lomwe lili ndi zotsatira zazikulu zokongoletsa limaphatikizapo dothi lopaka pulasitala, putty ya makoma amkati ndi akunja, ndi dothi lokongoletsa lamitundu yosiyanasiyana. ndi zina zotero; dothi losalowa madzi, dothi losagwira dzimbiri, dothi lodziyimira lokha pansi, dothi losawonongeka, dothi loteteza kutentha, dothi loyamwa mawu, dothi lokonzanso, dothi losagwidwa ndi mildew, dothi loteteza, ndi zina zotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kake ndi kovuta, ndipo nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi zinthu zomangira simenti, zodzaza, kusakaniza kwa mchere, utoto, kusakaniza ndi zinthu zina.
1. Chomangira
Zipangizo zomangira simenti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa matope osakaniza ndi izi: simenti ya Portland, simenti ya Portland wamba, simenti ya alumina yambiri, simenti ya calcium silicate, gypsum yachilengedwe, laimu, silika fume ndi zosakaniza za zinthuzi. Simenti ya Portland (nthawi zambiri Mtundu I) kapena simenti yoyera ya Portland ndiye zomangira zazikulu. Simenti zina zapadera nthawi zambiri zimafunika mu matope osakaniza pansi. Kuchuluka kwa chomangira ndi 20% ~ 40% ya ubwino wa zinthu zosakaniza zouma.
2. Chodzaza
Zodzaza zazikulu za matope ouma ndi izi: mchenga wachikasu, mchenga wa quartz, miyala yamchere, dolomite, perlite yokulirapo, ndi zina zotero. Zodzaza izi zimaphwanyidwa, kuumitsidwa, kenako zimasefedwa m'mitundu itatu: yopyapyala, yapakatikati, ndi yopyapyala. Kukula kwa tinthu ndi: chodzaza chopyapyala 4mm-2mm, chodzaza chapakati 2mm-0.1mm, ndi chodzaza chopyapyala pansi pa 0.1mm. Pazinthu zomwe zili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwambiri, ufa wa miyala ndi miyala yamchere yosankhidwa ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosakaniza. Dothi wamba la ufa wouma lingagwiritsidwe ntchito osati miyala yamchere yokha yophwanyidwa, komanso mchenga wouma ndi wophimbidwa ngati chosakaniza. Ngati mchenga uli ndi khalidwe lokwanira kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito mu konkriti yapamwamba kwambiri, uyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira popanga zosakaniza zouma. Chinsinsi chopangira matope ouma ndi mtundu wodalirika chili mu luso la kukula kwa tinthu ta zinthu zopangira ndi kulondola kwa chiŵerengero cha chakudya, chomwe chimapezeka mu mzere wopangira wokha wa matope ouma.
3. Zosakaniza za mchere
Zosakaniza za mchere za matope ouma ndi izi: zinthu zochokera ku mafakitale, zinyalala za mafakitale ndi miyala ina yachilengedwe, monga: slag, phulusa la ntchentche, phulusa la volcano, ufa wa silika wabwino, ndi zina zotero. Kapangidwe ka mankhwala a zosakaniza izi makamaka ndi silicon yokhala ndi calcium oxide. Aluminium hydrochloride imakhala ndi ntchito yambiri komanso kuuma kwa hydraulic.
4. Kusakaniza
Kusakaniza kumeneku ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pa matope ouma, mtundu ndi kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza ndi kusinthasintha pakati pa kusakaniza kumeneku zimagwirizana ndi ubwino ndi magwiridwe antchito a matope ouma. Pofuna kuwonjezera kugwira ntchito ndi kugwirizana kwa matope ouma, kuwongolera kukana kwa ming'alu ya matope, kuchepetsa kulowererapo, ndikupangitsa kuti matopewo asakhale osavuta kutulutsa magazi ndikulekanitsa, kuti awonjezere magwiridwe antchito a matope ouma ndikuchepetsa ndalama zopangira. Monga ufa wa rabara wa polymer, ulusi wamatabwa, hydroxymethyl cellulose ether, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, ulusi wa polypropylene wosinthidwa, ulusi wa PVA ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zochepetsera madzi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-26-2024