Ku-mortar exutshwe ngomumo, inani lokwengeza le-cellulose ether liphansi kakhulu, kodwa lingathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar emanzi, futhi liyisithasiselo esiyinhloko esithinta ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Ukukhetha okunengqondo kwama-ether e-cellulose ezinhlobo ezahlukene, ukuqina okuhlukile, ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezahlukene, amazinga ahlukene e-viscosity kanye namanani engeziwe kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukisweni kokusebenza kwe-mortar eyomile. Njengamanje, izinhlayiya eziningi zobumba kanye ne-plastering zinokusebenza okungekuhle kokugcinwa kwamanzi, futhi i-slurry yamanzi izohlukana ngemva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuma. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuyindlela ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-methyl cellulose ether, futhi futhi kuyindlela abakhiqizi abaningi be-mortar eyomile yasekhaya, ikakhulukazi labo abasezindaweni eziseningizimu ezinamazinga okushisa aphezulu, abayinaka. Izici ezithinta umphumela wokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-mortar eyomile zihlanganisa inani le-MC engeziwe, ukuqina kwe-MC, ubuncane bezinhlayiya kanye nokushisa kwendawo yokusetshenziswa.
1. Umqondo
I-Cellulose ether iyi-polymer yokwenziwa eyenziwe nge-cellulose yemvelo ngokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali. I-Cellulose ether iyi-derivative ye-cellulose yemvelo. Ukukhiqizwa kwe-cellulose ether kuhlukile kuma-polymer okwenziwa. Izinto zayo eziyisisekelo yi-cellulose, i-polymer compound yemvelo. Ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-cellulose yemvelo, i-cellulose ngokwayo ayinawo amandla okusabela nama-etherification agents. Kodwa-ke, ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-ejenti yokuvuvukala, izibopho ezinamandla ze-hydrogen phakathi kwamaketanga e-molecule namaketanga ziyabhujiswa, futhi ukukhululwa okusebenzayo kweqembu le-hydroxyl kuba yi-reactive alkali cellulose. Thola i-cellulose ether.
Izakhiwo zama-ether e-cellulose zincike ohlotsheni, inombolo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-ether e-cellulose kusekelwe ohlotsheni lwezinto ezithatha indawo, izinga lokushiswa kwe-ether, ukuncibilika kanye nezakhiwo zokusetshenziswa ezihlobene. Ngokusho kohlobo lwezinto ezithatha indawo ku-molecule chain, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-monoether kanye ne-ether exubile. I-MC esivame ukuyisebenzisa yi-monoether, kanti i-HPMC iyi-ether exubile. I-Methyl cellulose ether MC ingumkhiqizo ngemuva kokuthi iqembu le-hydroxyl kuyunithi ye-glucose ye-cellulose yemvelo ithathelwe indawo yi-methoxy. Kungumkhiqizo otholakala ngokufaka ingxenye yeqembu le-hydroxyl kuyunithi neqembu le-methoxy kanye nenye ingxenye neqembu le-hydroxypropyl. Ifomula yesakhiwo yi-[C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x I-Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, lezi yizinhlobo eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi ezithengiswa emakethe.
Ngokuphathelene nokuncibilika, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-ionic kanye ne-non-ionic. Ama-ether e-cellulose angewona i-ionic ancibilika emanzini akhiwe kakhulu uchungechunge olubili lwama-ether e-alkyl kanye nama-ether e-hydroxyalkyl. I-CMC ye-Ionic isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanzeni okwenziwe ngezinto zokwenziwa, ekunyatheliseni nasekudayeni izindwangu, ekuhloleni ukudla namafutha. I-MC engewona i-ionic, i-HPMC, i-HEMC, njll. isetshenziswa kakhulu ezintweni zokwakha, ezimbozweni ze-latex, emithini, kumakhemikhali ansuku zonke, njll. Isetshenziswa njenge-thickener, i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi, i-stabilizer, i-dispersant kanye ne-ejenti yokwakha ifilimu.
Okwesibili, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether: Ekukhiqizweni kwezinto zokwakha, ikakhulukazi udaka oluyimpuphu eyomile, i-cellulose ether idlala indima engenakuphindwa, ikakhulukazi ekukhiqizweni kodaka olukhethekile (udaka oluguquliwe), luyinto ebalulekile futhi ebalulekile.
Indima ebalulekile ye-cellulose ether encibilikayo emanzini ku-mortar inezici ezintathu, enye ikhono elihle kakhulu lokugcina amanzi, enye ithonya ekuqineni nasekuqineni kwe-thixotropy yo-mortar, kanti eyesithathu ukusebenzisana ne-simende. Umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-cellulose ether uncike ekumuncweni kwamanzi kwesendlalelo esiyisisekelo, ukwakheka komortar, ukujiya kwesendlalelo somortar, isidingo samanzi somortar, kanye nesikhathi sokusetha kwezinto zokusetha. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether uqobo kuvela ekuncibilikeni nasekuphelelweni kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether uqobo. Njengoba sonke sazi, yize uchungechunge lwama-molecule e-cellulose luqukethe inani elikhulu lamaqembu e-OH anomswakama kakhulu, aluncibiliki emanzini, ngoba isakhiwo se-cellulose sinezinga eliphezulu le-crystallinity.
Amandla okumanzisa amaqembu e-hydroxyl kuphela awanele ukumboza izibopho ze-hydrogen ezinamandla kanye namandla e-van der Waals phakathi kwama-molecule. Ngakho-ke, ayakhukhumala kuphela kodwa awancibiliki emanzini. Lapho i-substituent ifakwa ku-molecule chain, akuyona nje i-substituent ebhubhisa uchungechunge lwe-hydrogen, kodwa futhi ne-interchain hydrogen bond iyabhujiswa ngenxa yokuhlangana kwe-substituent phakathi kwamaketanga aseduze. Lapho i-substituent inkulu, ibanga eliphakathi kwama-molecule likhulu. Lapho ibanga likhulu. Lapho umphumela wokubhubhisa izibopho ze-hydrogen umkhulu, i-cellulose ether iba yincibilika emanzini ngemva kokuba i-cellulose lattice ikhula futhi isixazululo singena, sakhe isixazululo esinomfutho ophezulu. Lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukumanzisa kwe-polymer kuba buthaka, futhi amanzi phakathi kwamaketanga ayaxoshwa. Lapho umphumela wokuphelelwa amanzi wanele, ama-molecule aqala ukuhlangana, akha ijeli yesakhiwo senethiwekhi enezinhlangothi ezintathu bese egoqwa.
Izici ezithinta ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-mortar zifaka phakathi i-cellulose ether viscosity, inani lokwengeza, ubuncane bezinhlayiya kanye nokushisa kokusetshenziswa:
Uma i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether inkulu, kulapho ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono khona. I-Viscosity iyipharamitha ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-MC. Njengamanje, abakhiqizi be-MC abahlukene basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene namathuluzi ukukala i-viscosity ye-MC. Izindlela eziyinhloko yiHaake Rotovisko, iHoppler, i-Ubbelohde kanye neBrookfield. Ngomkhiqizo ofanayo, imiphumela ye-viscosity elinganiswa ngezindlela ezahlukene ihlukile kakhulu, futhi eminye ize ibe nomehluko ophindwe kabili. Ngakho-ke, uma kuqhathaniswa i-viscosity, kumele kwenziwe phakathi kwezindlela zokuhlola ezifanayo, kufaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, i-rotor, njll.
Ngokuvamile, uma i-viscosity iphakeme, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono. Kodwa-ke, uma i-viscosity iphakeme futhi isisindo sama-molecule se-MC siphakeme, ukwehla okuhambisanayo kokuncibilika kwayo kuzoba nomthelela omubi emandleni nasekusebenzeni kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Uma i-viscosity iphakeme, umphumela wokujiya ubonakala kakhulu ku-mortar, kodwa awulingani ngokuqondile. Uma i-viscosity iphakeme, kulapho i-mortar emanzi izoba yinkimbinkimbi khona, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ibonakala njengokunamathela ku-scraper kanye nokunamathela okuphezulu ku-substrate. Kodwa akusizi ukwandisa amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi uqobo. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa, ukusebenza okulwa nokuwa akubonakali. Ngokuphambene nalokho, amanye ama-ether e-methyl cellulose ahlanganisiwe aphakathi nendawo naphansi asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi.
Uma inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether lifakwa ku-mortar, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono, futhi uma i-viscosity iphakeme, ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuba ngcono.
Ngokuphathelene nosayizi wezinhlayiya, uma izinhlayiya zincane, kuba ngcono ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Ngemva kokuba izinhlayiya ezinkulu ze-cellulose ether zithintana namanzi, ubuso buncibilika ngokushesha bese benza ijeli yokusonga izinto ukuze kuvinjelwe ama-molecule amanzi ukuthi angaqhubeki nokungena. Ngezinye izikhathi ayikwazi ukuhlakazeka ngokulinganayo futhi ichitheke ngisho nangemva kokuxutshwa isikhathi eside, kwakha isixazululo esinamafu noma i-agglomeration. Kuthinta kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether, futhi ukuncibilika kungenye yezinto ezibangela ukukhetha i-cellulose ether.
Ubuncane buyinkomba ebalulekile yokusebenza kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-MC esetshenziselwa udaka oluyimpuphu eyomile iyadingeka ukuthi ibe yimpuphu, enokuqukethwe kwamanzi aphansi, kanti ubuncane budinga futhi u-20% ~ 60% wosayizi wezinhlayiya ukuthi ube ngaphansi kuka-63um. Ubuncane buthinta ukuncibilika kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-MC ecolekile ivame ukuba yi-granular, futhi kulula ukuyincibilikisa emanzini ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa, kodwa izinga lokuncibilika lihamba kancane kakhulu, ngakho-ke ayifanele ukusetshenziswa kudaka oluyimpuphu eyomile. Kudaka oluyimpuphu eyomile, i-MC ihlakazeka phakathi kwezinto zokufaka usimende njenge-aggregate, i-fine filler kanye ne-simende, futhi i-powder encane kuphela engagwema ukuhlanganiswa kwe-methyl cellulose ether lapho ixutshwa namanzi. Uma i-MC ingezwa ngamanzi ukuze kuncibilikiswe ama-agglomerate, kunzima kakhulu ukuhlakaza nokuncibilikisa.
Ukuqina kwe-MC akugcini nje ngokuchitha imali, kodwa futhi kunciphisa amandla endawo kadoti. Uma udoti onjalo owomile usetshenziswa endaweni enkulu, ijubane lokuqina kodoti wodoti wodoti wendawo lizoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi kuzovela imifantu ngenxa yezikhathi ezahlukene zokuqina. Kudoti ofuthwe ngokwakhiwa komshini, isidingo sokuqina siphezulu ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokuxuba.
Ubucwebe be-MC bunomthelela othile ekugcinweni kwamanzi kwayo. Ngokuvamile, kuma-ether e-methyl cellulose ane-viscosity efanayo kodwa ubucwebe obuhlukile, ngaphansi kwenani elifanayo lokwengeza, uma kuncane kakhulu, umphumela wokugcina amanzi uba ngcono.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-MC kuhlobene nokushisa okusetshenzisiwe, kanti ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose ether kwehla ngokukhuphuka kokushisa. Kodwa-ke, ekusetshenzisweni kwezinto zangempela, udoti owomile uvame ukufakwa ezindaweni ezishisayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu (angaphezu kwama-degrees angu-40) ezindaweni eziningi, njengokuplasta kwangaphandle kodonga ngaphansi kwelanga ehlobo, okuvame ukusheshisa ukuqiniswa kwesimende kanye nokuqina kodoti owomile. Ukwehla kwezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi kuholela emzwelweni osobala wokuthi kokubili ukusebenza kahle kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kuyathinteka, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ithonya lezici zokushisa ngaphansi kwalesi simo.
Nakuba izithasiselo ze-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether okwamanje zibhekwa njengezihamba phambili ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe, ukuncika kwazo ekushiseni kuzoqhubeka nokuholela ebuthakathakeni bokusebenza kodaka oluyimpuphu eyomile. Nakuba inani le-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose landa (ifomula yasehlobo), ukusebenza kahle kanye nokumelana nokuqhekeka akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusetshenziswa. Ngokwelashwa okukhethekile ku-MC, njengokwandisa izinga le-etherification, njll., umphumela wokugcina amanzi ungagcinwa ekushiseni okuphezulu, ukuze ukwazi ukunikeza ukusebenza okungcono ngaphansi kwezimo ezinzima.
3. Ukuqina kanye ne-Thixotropy ye-Cellulose Ether
Ukujiya kanye ne-thixotropy ye-cellulose ether: Umsebenzi wesibili we-cellulose ether—umphumela wokujiya uncike ku: izinga lokupholimetha kwe-cellulose ether, ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo, izinga lokucheba, izinga lokushisa kanye nezinye izimo. Impahla ye-gelling yesisombululo ihlukile ku-alkyl cellulose kanye ne-derivatives yayo eguquliwe. Izakhiwo ze-gelation zihlobene nezinga lokushintsha, ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo kanye nezithasiselo. Kuma-derivatives aguquliwe e-hydroxyalkyl, izakhiwo ze-gel zihlobene nezinga lokuguqulwa kwe-hydroxyalkyl. Kuma-MC ne-HPMC aphansi, isixazululo esingu-10%-15% singalungiswa, i-MC ne-HPMC aphakathi nendawo zingalungiswa isixazululo esingu-5%-10%, kuyilapho i-MC ne-HPMC ephezulu kakhulu zingalungiselela isixazululo esingu-2%-3% kuphela, futhi Ngokuvamile ukuhlukaniswa kwe-viscosity kwe-cellulose ether nakho kuhlelwe ngesisombululo esingu-1%-2%.
I-cellulose ether enesisindo sama-molecule aphezulu inokusebenza kahle kokujiya okuphezulu. Esixazululweni esifanayo sokujiya, ama-polymer anesisindo sama-molecule ahlukene anokuqina okuhlukile. Izinga eliphezulu. I-viscosity eqondiwe ingatholakala kuphela ngokungeza inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether enesisindo sama-molecule aphansi. I-viscosity yayo ayincikile kakhulu esilinganisweni sokucheba, futhi i-viscosity ephezulu ifinyelela i-viscosity eqondiwe, futhi inani lokwengeza elidingekayo lincane, futhi i-viscosity incike ekusebenzeni kahle kokujiya. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kufezwe ukuvumelana okuthile, inani elithile le-cellulose ether (ukugxilwa kwesisombululo) kanye ne-viscosity yesisombululo kumele kuqinisekiswe. Izinga lokushisa le-gel lesisombululo nalo liyehla ngokuhambisana nokwanda kokugxilwa kwesisombululo, kanye nama-gel ekushiseni kwegumbi ngemva kokufinyelela ukugxilwa okuthile. I-gelling concentration ye-HPMC iphakeme kakhulu ekushiseni kwegumbi.
Ukuvumelana kungalungiswa futhi ngokukhetha usayizi wezinhlayiya nokukhetha ama-cellulose ethers anamazinga ahlukene okuguqulwa. Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi ukuguqulwa ukwethula izinga elithile lokushintshana kwamaqembu e-hydroxyalkyl esakhiweni samathambo se-MC. Ngokushintsha amanani okushintshana ahlobene ama-substituents amabili, okungukuthi, amanani okushintshana ahlobene e-DS kanye ne-ms amaqembu e-methoxy kanye ne-hydroxyalkyl esivame ukuwasho. Izidingo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ze-cellulose ether zingatholakala ngokushintsha amanani okushintshana ahlobene ama-substituents amabili.
Ubudlelwano phakathi kokuvumelana nokuguqulwa: ukungezwa kwe-cellulose ether kuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwe-mortar, ukushintsha isilinganiso samanzi nesimende samanzi kungumphumela wokujiya, lapho umthamo uphakeme, kulapho ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kukhulu khona.
Ama-cellulose ether asetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha eziphuphuthelwe kumele ancibilike ngokushesha emanzini abandayo futhi anikeze ukuqina okufanele ohlelweni. Uma inikezwe izinga elithile lokucheba, isalokhu iba yi-flocculent kanye ne-colloidal block, okuwumkhiqizo ongaphansi kwezinga noma wekhwalithi embi.
Kukhona futhi ubudlelwano obuhle obuqondile phakathi kokuvumelana kwe-cement paste kanye nomthamo we-cellulose ether. I-cellulose ether ingakhulisa kakhulu i-viscosity ye-mortar. Uma umthamo umkhulu, umphumela uba sobala kakhulu. Isixazululo samanzi se-cellulose ether esine-viscosity ephezulu sine-thixotropy ephezulu, okuyisici esiyinhloko se-cellulose ether. Izixazululo zamanzi zama-polymer e-MC zivame ukuba ne-pseudoplastic kanye ne-non-thixotropic fluidity ngaphansi kokushisa kwejeli yazo, kodwa izakhiwo zokugeleza kwe-Newtonian ngamanani aphansi okushefa. I-pseudoplasticity iyanda ngesisindo sama-molecule noma ukuhlushwa kwe-cellulose ether, kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwe-substituent kanye nezinga lokushintsha. Ngakho-ke, ama-cellulose ethers ebanga elifanayo le-viscosity, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-MC, i-HPMC, i-HEMC, azohlala ebonisa izakhiwo ezifanayo ze-rheological inqobo nje uma ukuhlushwa kanye nokushisa kugcinwa kungaguquguquki.
Amajeli esakhiwo akhiwa lapho izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, futhi kwenzeka ukugeleza okukhulu kwe-thixotropic. Ama-ether e-cellulose ane-concentration ephezulu kanye ne-viscosity ephansi abonisa i-thixotropy ngisho nangaphansi kwezinga lokushisa le-gel. Lesi sici sinenzuzo enkulu ekulungisweni kokulevelisha nokugoba ekwakhiweni kwe-mortar yokwakha. Kudingeka kuchazwe lapha ukuthi lapho i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether iphakeme, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kungcono, kodwa lapho i-viscosity iphakeme, isisindo sama-molecule se-cellulose ether siphakeme, kanye nokwehla okuhambisanayo kokuncibilika kwayo, okunomthelela omubi ekugxilweni kwe-mortar kanye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa. Lapho i-viscosity iphakeme, kusobala kakhulu umphumela wokujiya ku-mortar, kodwa awulingani ngokuphelele. I-viscosity ethile ephakathi nephansi, kodwa i-modified cellulose ether inokusebenza okungcono ekuthuthukiseni amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi. Ngokwanda kwe-viscosity, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuyathuthuka. 4. Ukuhlehliswa kwe-cellulose ether
Ukubuyiselwa emuva kwe-cellulose ether: Umsebenzi wesithathu we-cellulose ether ukubambezela inqubo yokumunca usimende. I-cellulose ether inika udoti izakhiwo ezahlukahlukene eziwusizo, futhi inciphisa ukushisa kokuqala kokumunca usimende futhi ilibazise inqubo eguquguqukayo yokumunca usimende. Lokhu akulungile ukusetshenziswa kodoti ezindaweni ezibandayo. Lo mphumela wokulibazisa ubangelwa ukumuncwa kwama-molecule e-cellulose ether emikhiqizweni yokumunca efana ne-CSH ne-ca(OH)2. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-pore, i-cellulose ether inciphisa ukuhamba kwama-ion esixazululweni, ngaleyo ndlela ibambezele inqubo yokumunca.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Feb-04-2023