Kwi-mortar exutyiweyo esele ilungisiwe, ubungakanani bokongeza be-cellulose ether buphantsi kakhulu, kodwa bunokuphucula kakhulu ukusebenza kwe-mortar emanzi, kwaye sisongezelelo esiphambili esichaphazela ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar. Ukukhetha okufanelekileyo kwe-cellulose ethers zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ubungqabavu obahlukeneyo, ubungakanani obahlukeneyo bee-particle, amanqanaba ahlukeneyo e-viscosity kunye nobungakanani obongezelelweyo kuya kuba nefuthe elihle ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-mortar eyomileyo. Okwangoku, ii-mortar ezininzi ze-masonry kunye ne-plastering zinokusebenza okungalunganga kokugcina amanzi, kwaye i-slurry yamanzi iya kwahluka emva kwemizuzu embalwa yokuma. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kukusebenza okubalulekileyo kwe-methyl cellulose ether, kwaye kukusebenza okuqwalaselwa kakhulu ngabavelisi abaninzi be-mortar eyomileyo yasekhaya, ngakumbi abo bakwimimandla esemazantsi enamaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Izinto ezichaphazela isiphumo sokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-mortar eyomileyo ziquka ubungakanani be-MC eyongeziweyo, ubungqabavu be-MC, ubungqabavu bee-particles kunye nobushushu bendawo yokusetyenziswa.
1. Ingcinga
I-Cellulose ether yi-polymer eyenziweyo eyenziwe nge-cellulose yendalo ngokuguqulwa kweekhemikhali. I-Cellulose ether yi-derivative ye-cellulose yendalo. Ukuveliswa kwe-cellulose ether kwahlukile kwii-polymers zokwenziwa. Izinto zayo ezisisiseko yi-cellulose, i-compound yendalo ye-polymer. Ngenxa yobuchule besakhiwo se-cellulose yendalo, i-cellulose ngokwayo ayinakho ukusabela kunye nee-agents ze-etherification. Nangona kunjalo, emva konyango lwe-agent yokudumba, ii-hydrogen bonds ezinamandla phakathi kwee-chain ze-molecular kunye nee-chain ziyatshatyalaliswa, kwaye ukukhululwa okusebenzayo kweqela le-hydroxyl kuba yi-reactive alkali cellulose. Fumana i-cellulose ether.
Iipropati zee-cellulose ethers zixhomekeke kuhlobo, inani kunye nokusasazwa kwezinto ezithatha indawo. Uhlu lwee-cellulose ethers lukwasekelwe kuhlobo lwezinto ezithatha indawo, inqanaba le-etherification, ukunyibilika kunye neepropati zokusetyenziswa ezinxulumene noko. Ngokweentlobo zezinto ezithatha indawo kwi-molecular chain, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-monoether kunye ne-mixed ether. I-MC esihlala siyisebenzisa yi-monoether, kwaye i-HPMC yi-mixed ether. I-Methyl cellulose ether MC yimveliso emva kokuba iqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi ye-glucose ye-natural cellulose ithathelwe indawo yi-methoxy. Yimveliso efunyenwe ngokufaka inxalenye yeqela le-hydroxyl kwiyunithi ngeqela le-methoxy kunye nenye inxalenye eneqela le-hydroxypropyl. Ifomyula yolwakhiwo yi-[C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x I-Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, ezi zezona ntlobo ziphambili ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kwaye zithengiswa kwimarike.
Ngokuphathelele ukunyibilika, inokwahlulwa ibe yi-ionic kunye ne-non-ionic. Ii-ether ze-cellulose ezinyibilikayo emanzini ezingengo-ionic zenziwe ikakhulu ngothotho lwe-alkyl ethers kunye nee-hydroxyalkyl ethers. I-Ionic CMC isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiisepha zokwenziwa, ukuprinta kunye nokudaya ilaphu, uphando lokutya kunye neoyile. Ii-non-ionic MC, i-HPMC, i-HEMC, njl.njl. zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizixhobo zokwakha, kwiingubo ze-latex, kumayeza, kwiikhemikhali zemihla ngemihla, njl.njl. Zisetyenziswa njenge-thickener, i-arhente yokugcina amanzi, i-stabilizer, i-dispersant kunye ne-arhente yokwenza ifilimu.
Okwesibini, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether: Ekwenzeni izixhobo zokwakha, ingakumbi i-dry powder mortar, i-cellulose ether idlala indima engenakutshintshwa, ingakumbi ekuveliseni i-special mortar (modral modified), yinxalenye ebalulekileyo neyimfuneko.
Indima ebalulekileyo ye-cellulose ether enyibilikayo emanzini kwi-mortar ikakhulu inemiba emithathu, enye kukugcina amanzi kakuhle, enye yimpembelelo ekuhambelaneni nasekuqineni kwe-thixotropy ye-mortar, kwaye eyesithathu kukusebenzisana nesamente. Isiphumo sokugcina amanzi se-cellulose ether sixhomekeke ekufunxeni kwamanzi kwi-base maleko, ukwakheka kwe-mortar, ubukhulu be-mortar maleko, imfuno yamanzi ye-mortar, kunye nexesha lokubeka izinto. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether ngokwayo kuvela ekunyibilikeni nasekuphelelweni yi-cellulose ether ngokwayo. Njengoko sonke sisazi, nangona i-cellulose molecular chain inamaqela amaninzi e-OH anokufuma kakhulu, ayinyibiliki emanzini, kuba isakhiwo se-cellulose sinezinga eliphezulu le-crystallinity.
Amandla okufunxa amanzi ee-hydroxyl groups zodwa awanelanga ukugubungela ii-hydrogen bonds ezinamandla kunye namandla e-van der Waals phakathi kwee-molecules. Ke ngoko, iyakhukhumala kuphela kodwa ayinyibiliki emanzini. Xa i-substituent ingeniswa kwi-molecular chain, ayisiyo-substituent kuphela etshabalalisa i-hydrogen chain, kodwa ne-interchain hydrogen bond iyatshatyalaliswa ngenxa yokudibana kwe-substituent phakathi kwee-chain ezikufutshane. Okukhona i-substituent inkulu, kokukhona umgama phakathi kwee-molecules umkhulu. Okukhona umgama umkhulu. Okukhona isiphumo sokutshabalalisa ii-hydrogen bonds sikhulu, i-cellulose ether iba yi-water-soluble emva kokuba i-cellulose lattice isanda kwaye isisombululo singena, senza isisombululo se-high-viscosity. Xa ubushushu bunyuka, i-hydration ye-polymer iba buthathaka, kwaye amanzi phakathi kwee-chain ayakhutshwa. Xa isiphumo sokuphelelwa ngamanzi sanele, ii-molecules ziqala ukuhlangana, zenze i-three-dimensional network structure gel kwaye zigoqwe.
Izinto ezichaphazela ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwi-mortar ziquka i-cellulose ether viscosity, ubungakanani bokongeza, ubuncinci bee-particle kunye nobushushu bokusetyenziswa:
Okukhona i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether inkulu, kokukhona ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kuphucuka. I-Viscosity yiparameter ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwe-MC. Okwangoku, abavelisi be-MC abahlukeneyo basebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa i-viscosity ye-MC. Iindlela eziphambili yiHaake Rotovisko, iHoppler, i-Ubbelohde kunye neBrookfield. Kwimveliso efanayo, iziphumo ze-viscosity ezilinganiswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zahlukile kakhulu, kwaye ezinye zide zibe nomahluko ophindwe kabini. Ke ngoko, xa kuthelekiswa i-viscosity, kufuneka yenziwe phakathi kweendlela zovavanyo ezifanayo, kubandakanya ubushushu, i-rotor, njl.
Ngokubanzi, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokugcina amanzi singcono. Nangona kunjalo, okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu kwaye ubunzima be-molecular ye-MC buphezulu, ukwehla kokunyibilika kwayo kuya kuba nefuthe elibi kumandla kunye nokusebenza kolwakhiwo lwe-mortar. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokutyeba sibonakala ngakumbi kwi-mortar, kodwa ayilingani ngokuthe ngqo. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona i-mortar emanzi iya kuba ne-viscous ngakumbi, oko kukuthi, ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ibonakaliswa njengokunamathela kwi-scraper kunye nokunamathela okuphezulu kwi-substrate. Kodwa akuncedi ukwandisa amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi ngokwayo. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa, ukusebenza okuchasene nokuhla akubonakali. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ezinye i-viscosity ephakathi nephantsi kodwa i-modified methyl cellulose ethers zisebenza kakuhle ekuphuculeni amandla olwakhiwo lwe-mortar emanzi.
Okukhona i-cellulose ether ingaphezulu kwi-mortar, kokukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona i-water retention ingcono.
Ngokuphathelele ubungakanani besuntswana, okukhona isuntswana licolekile, kokukhona ukugcinwa kwamanzi kubhetele. Emva kokuba amasuntswana amakhulu e-cellulose ether edibana namanzi, umphezulu uyanyibilika ngoko nangoko uze wenze ijeli yokusonga izinto ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba iimolekyuli zamanzi zingaqhubeki zingena. Ngamanye amaxesha ayinakusasazwa ngokulinganayo kwaye ichithwe nasemva kokuxutywa ixesha elide, yenze isisombululo esinamafu okanye i-agglomeration. Ichaphazela kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether, kwaye ukunyibilika yenye yezinto ezibangela ukuba ukhethe i-cellulose ether.
Ubunzima bukwayindlela ebalulekileyo yokusebenza kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-MC esetyenziselwa umgubo owomileyo kufuneka ibe yi-powder, enomthamo wamanzi aphantsi, kwaye ubunzulu bukwafuna i-20% ~ 60% yobukhulu be-particle ukuba ibe ngaphantsi kwe-63um. Ubunzima buchaphazela ukunyibilika kwe-methyl cellulose ether. I-MC ecolekileyo idla ngokuba yi-granular, kwaye kulula ukuyinyibilikisa emanzini ngaphandle kokuhlanganiswa, kodwa izinga lokunyibilika licotha kakhulu, ngoko ke ayifanelekanga ukusetyenziswa kumgubo owomileyo. Kwi-dry powder mortar, i-MC isasazwa phakathi kwezinto zokusimisa ezifana ne-aggregate, i-fine filler kunye nesamente, kwaye yi-powder entle ngokwaneleyo kuphela enokuthintela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-methyl cellulose ether xa ixutywa namanzi. Xa i-MC yongezwa ngamanzi ukunyibilikisa ii-agglomerates, kunzima kakhulu ukuyichitha nokuyinyibilikisa.
Ubunzima be-MC abupheleli nje ekuchitheni imali, kodwa bukwanciphisa namandla engingqi ye-mortar. Xa i-mortar eyomileyo enjalo isetyenziswa kwindawo enkulu, isantya sokuyilungisa ye-mortar eyomileyo yendawo siya kuncipha kakhulu, kwaye imingxunya iya kuvela ngenxa yamaxesha ahlukeneyo okuyilungisa. Kwi-mortar etshiziweyo ngokwakhiwa koomatshini, imfuneko yokuyilungisa iphezulu ngenxa yexesha elifutshane lokuxuba.
Ukuqina kwe-MC kunempembelelo ethile ekugcinweni kwamanzi. Ngokubanzi, kwii-ether ze-methyl cellulose ezine-viscosity efanayo kodwa ukuqina okwahlukileyo, phantsi komlinganiselo ofanayo wokongeza, okukhona kuncinci kokukhona kuncinci kokukhona kulungileyo ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-MC kukwanxulumene nobushushu obusetyenziswayo, kwaye ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose ether kuncipha ngokunyuka kobushushu. Nangona kunjalo, kwizicelo zezinto ezibonakalayo, i-dry powder mortar idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezishushu kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu (angaphezulu kwama-40 degrees) kwiindawo ezininzi, ezifana ne-outer wall putty plastering phantsi kwelanga ehlotyeni, nto leyo edla ngokukhawulezisa ukucocwa kwesamente kunye nokuqina kwe-dry powder mortar. Ukwehla kwesantya sokugcinwa kwamanzi kukhokelela kwimvakalelo ecacileyo yokuba zombini ukusebenza kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka kuyachaphazeleka, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa impembelelo yezinto zobushushu phantsi kwale meko.
Nangona izongezo ze-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether okwangoku zithathwa njengeziphambili kuphuhliso lwetekhnoloji, ukuxhomekeka kwazo kubushushu kuya kukhokelela ekubeni buthathaka kokusebenza kwe-dry powder mortar. Nangona ubungakanani be-methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose bunyukile (ifomula yasehlotyeni), ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokumelana nokuqhekeka akukwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa. Ngonyango oluthile olukhethekileyo kwi-MC, njengokunyusa izinga le-etherification, njl.njl., isiphumo sokugcina amanzi sinokugcinwa kubushushu obuphezulu, ukuze sikwazi ukubonelela ngokusebenza okungcono phantsi kweemeko ezinzima.
3. Ukujiya kunye neThixotropy yeCellulose Ether
Ukutyeba kunye ne-thixotropy ye-cellulose ether: Umsebenzi wesibini we-cellulose ether—isiphumo sokutyeba sixhomekeke: kwinqanaba le-polymerization ye-cellulose ether, uxinzelelo lwesisombululo, izinga lokucheba, ubushushu kunye nezinye iimeko. Ipropati ye-gelling yesisombululo ikhethekile kwi-alkyl cellulose kunye ne-derivatives zayo eziguquliweyo. Iimpawu ze-gelation zinxulumene nenqanaba lokutshintshwa, uxinzelelo lwesisombululo kunye nezongezo. Kwi-hydroxyalkyl modified derivatives, iimpawu ze-gel zinxulumene nenqanaba lokuguqulwa kwe-hydroxyalkyl. Kwi-viscosity ephantsi ye-MC kunye ne-HPMC, isisombululo se-10%-15% sinokulungiswa, i-viscosity ephakathi ye-MC kunye ne-HPMC zinokulungiswa isisombululo se-5%-10%, ngelixa i-viscosity ephezulu ye-MC kunye ne-HPMC zinokulungiselela isisombululo se-2%-3% kuphela, kwaye Ngokwesiqhelo udidi lwe-viscosity ye-cellulose ether lukwahlelwa ngesisombululo se-1%-2%.
I-cellulose ether enobunzima obuphezulu beemolekyuli inokusebenza okuphezulu kokutyeba. Kwisisombululo esifanayo sokutyeba, iipolymers ezinobunzima obahlukeneyo beemolekyuli zine-viscosities ezahlukeneyo. Iqondo eliphezulu. I-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo inokufezekiswa kuphela ngokongeza inani elikhulu le-cellulose ether enobunzima obuphantsi beemolekyuli. I-viscosity yayo ayixhomekekanga kakhulu kwisantya sokucheba, kwaye i-viscosity ephezulu ifikelela kwi-viscosity ekujoliswe kuyo, kwaye inani elifunekayo lokongeza lincinci, kwaye i-viscosity ixhomekeke ekusebenzeni kokutyeba. Ke ngoko, ukuze kufezekiswe ukuhambelana okuthile, inani elithile le-cellulose ether (uxinzelelo lwesisombululo) kunye ne-viscosity yesisombululo kufuneka kuqinisekiswe. Ubushushu be-gel yesisombululo buyancipha ngokuthe ngqo ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwesisombululo, kunye nee-gels kubushushu begumbi emva kokufikelela kuxinzelelo oluthile. I-gelling concentration ye-HPMC iphezulu kakhulu kubushushu begumbi.
Ukuvumelana kungalungiswa ngokukhetha ubungakanani besuntswana kunye nokukhetha ii-cellulose ethers ezinamaqondo ahlukeneyo okuguqulwa. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukuguqulwa kukungenisa inqanaba elithile lokutshintshwa kwamaqela e-hydroxyalkyl kwisakhiwo sesikele se-MC. Ngokutshintsha amaxabiso okutshintshwa okunxulumeneyo kwamaqela amabini atshintshayo, oko kukuthi, amaxabiso okutshintshwa okunxulumeneyo kwe-DS kunye ne-ms kwamaqela e-methoxy kunye ne-hydroxyalkyl esihlala siwathetha. Iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether zinokufunyanwa ngokutshintsha amaxabiso okutshintshwa okunxulumeneyo kwamaqela amabini atshintshayo.
Ubudlelwane phakathi kokungaguquguquki kunye nokuguqulwa: ukongezwa kwe-cellulose ether kuchaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kwe-mortar, ukutshintsha umlinganiselo wamanzi kunye ne-water-binder wamanzi kunye nesamente yimpembelelo yokuqina, okukhona umthamo uphezulu, kokukhona ukusetyenziswa kwamanzi kukhulu.
Ii-cellulose ethers ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zokwakha ezigutyiweyo kufuneka zinyibilike ngokukhawuleza emanzini abandayo kwaye zibonelele ngokuqina okufanelekileyo kwenkqubo. Ukuba inikwe isantya esithile sokucheba, iyaqhubeka nokuba yi-flocculent kunye ne-colloidal block, eyimveliso engaphantsi komgangatho okanye ekumgangatho ophantsi.
Kukwakho nolwalamano oluhle oluthe ngqo phakathi kokuhambelana kwe-cement paste kunye nomlinganiselo we-cellulose ether. I-Cellulose ether inokunyusa kakhulu i-viscosity ye-mortar. Okukhona umthamo umkhulu, kokukhona umphumo ubonakala ngakumbi. Isisombululo samanzi se-cellulose ether esine-viscosity ephezulu sine-thixotropy ephezulu, nto leyo ekwaluphawu oluphambili lwe-cellulose ether. Izisombululo zamanzi ze-MC polymers zihlala zine-pseudoplastic kunye ne-non-thixotropic fluidity ngaphantsi kobushushu bazo be-gel, kodwa iipropati zokuhamba kwe-Newtonian kwizinga eliphantsi lokucheba. I-Pseudoplasticity iyanda ngobunzima be-molecular okanye uxinzelelo lwe-cellulose ether, nokuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-substituent kunye nomgangatho wokutshintshwa. Ke ngoko, ii-cellulose ethers zodidi olufanayo lwe-viscosity, nokuba yi-MC, HPMC, HEMC, ziya kuhlala zibonisa iipropati ezifanayo ze-rheological logama nje uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu zigcinwa zinjalo.
Iijeli zesakhiwo zenziwa xa ubushushu buphakanyisiwe, kwaye kwenzeka ukuhamba kwe-thixotropic ephezulu. Ii-ether ze-cellulose ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye ne-viscosity ephantsi zibonisa i-thixotropy nangaphantsi kobushushu be-gel. Le propati iluncedo kakhulu ekulungiseni ukuthambekela kunye nokugoba ekwakhiweni kwe-mortar yokwakha. Kufuneka kuchazwe apha ukuba okukhona i-viscosity ye-cellulose ether iphezulu, kokukhona ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuphezulu, kodwa okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona ubunzima be-molecular ye-cellulose ether buphezulu, kunye nokwehla okufanelekileyo kokunyibilika kwayo, okunempembelelo embi kuxinzelelo lwe-mortar kunye nokusebenza kokwakhiwa. Okukhona i-viscosity iphezulu, kokukhona isiphumo sokutyeba sibonakala ngakumbi kwi-mortar, kodwa asilingani ngokupheleleyo. I-viscosity ephakathi nephantsi, kodwa i-ether ye-cellulose eguquliweyo isebenza ngcono ekuphuculeni amandla esakhiwo se-mortar emanzi. Ngokwanda kwe-viscosity, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cellulose ether kuyaphucuka. 4. Ukubuyiselwa kwexesha kwe-cellulose ether
Ukubuyiselwa kwe-cellulose ether: Umsebenzi wesithathu we-cellulose ether kukulibazisa inkqubo yokufunxa isamente. I-Cellulose ether inika i-mortar iipropati ezahlukeneyo eziluncedo, kwaye ikwanciphisa ubushushu bokuqala bokufunxa isamente kwaye ilibazise inkqubo yokufunxa isamente. Oku akulunganga ekusebenziseni i-mortar kwiindawo ezibandayo. Esi siphumo sokulibazisa sibangelwa kukufakwa kwee-molecules ze-cellulose ether kwiimveliso zokufunxa ezifana ne-CSH kunye ne-ca(OH)2. Ngenxa yokwanda kwe-viscosity yesisombululo se-pore, i-cellulose ether inciphisa ukuhamba kwee-ions kwisisombululo, ngaloo ndlela ilibazisa inkqubo yokufunxa.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Feb-04-2023