Mumortar yakasanganiswa yakagadzirwa, huwandu hwekuwedzera kwe cellulose ether hwakaderera zvikuru, asi hunogona kuvandudza zvakanyanya mashandiro emortar yakanyorova, uye chinhu chikuru chinokanganisa mashandiro emortar. Kusarudzwa kwakanaka kwe cellulose ethers dzemhando dzakasiyana, viscosities dzakasiyana, saizi dzakasiyana dzezvimedu, madhigirii akasiyana ekupenya uye huwandu hwakawedzerwa zvichave nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakuvandudzwa kwebasa remortar yakapfava. Parizvino, mortar dzakawanda dzemasonry neplastering hadzina mashandiro akanaka ekuchengetedza mvura, uye slurry yemvura inoparadzana mushure memaminitsi mashoma ekumira. Kuchengetwa kwemvura ibasa rakakosha remethyl cellulose ether, uye zvakare ibasa iro vagadziri vemortar yakapfava yemumba, kunyanya avo vari kumaodzanyemba ane tembiricha yakakwira, vanoteerera. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza mvura yemortar yakapfava inosanganisira huwandu hweMC yakawedzerwa, viscosity yeMC, fineness yezvikamu uye tembiricha yenzvimbo yekushandisa.
1. Pfungwa
Cellulose ether ipolymer yakagadzirwa kubva kucellulose yechisikigo kuburikidza nekuchinja kwemakemikari. Cellulose ether inobva kucellulose yechisikigo. Kugadzirwa kwecellulose ether kwakasiyana nemapolymer ekugadzira. Chinhu chayo chikuru icellulose, musanganiswa wepolymer wechisikigo. Nekuda kwehunhu hwechimiro checellulose yechisikigo, cellulose pachayo haina kugona kuita ne etherification agents. Zvisinei, mushure mekurapwa kwemushonga wekuzvimba, hydrogen bonds yakasimba pakati pemaketani emamorekuru nemaketani inoparadzwa, uye kusunungurwa kwehydroxyl group kunova reactive alkali cellulose. Wana cellulose ether.
Hunhu hwema ether e cellulose hunoenderana nerudzi, huwandu uye kugoverwa kwezvinotsiva. Kurongwa kwe ether e cellulose kunoenderanawo nerudzi rwezvinotsiva, mwero we etherification, kunyungudika uye hunhu hwakabatana hwekushandisa. Zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvinotsiva pa molecular chain, inogona kukamurwa kuita monoether uye mixed ether. MC yatinowanzo shandisa imonoether, uye HPMC imixed ether. Methyl cellulose ether MC chigadzirwa mushure mekunge hydroxyl group iri pa glucose unit ye natural cellulose yatsiviwa ne methoxy. Ichi chigadzirwa chinowanikwa nekutsiva chikamu che hydroxyl group pa unit ne methoxy group uye chimwe chikamu ne hydroxypropyl group. Fomura yechimiro ndeiyi [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, idzi ndidzo mhando huru dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye dzinotengeswa mumusika.
Panyaya yekunyungudika, inogona kukamurwa kuita ionic neisina ionic. Ma ether e non-ionic cellulose anonyungudika mumvura anonyanya kuumbwa ne alkyl ethers mbiri dzakatevedzana uye hydroxyalkyl ethers. Ionic CMC inonyanya kushandiswa mu sipo dzekugadzira, kudhinda nekudhaya machira, kutsvaga chikafu nemafuta. Non-ionic MC, HPMC, HEMC, nezvimwewo zvinonyanya kushandiswa muzvinhu zvekuvaka, latex coatings, mishonga, makemikari ezuva nezuva, nezvimwewo. Anoshandiswa se thickener, water retaining agent, stabilizer, dispersant uye film forming agent.
Chechipiri, kuchengetedza mvura ye cellulose ether
Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwe cellulose ether: Mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, kunyanya dry powder mortar, cellulose ether ine basa risingatsiviwi, kunyanya mukugadzirwa kwe special mortar (modified mortar), chinhu chakakosha uye chisingakoshi.
Basa rakakosha re ether inonyungudika mumvura mumota rine zvinhu zvitatu, chimwe ndechekuti inogona kuchengetedza mvura zvakanaka, chimwe ndechekuti dombo rinokanganisa sei kuenderana kwemota uye thixotropy, uye chechitatu ndechekuti inoshanda sei nesimende. Kuchengetedza mvura kwe ether ye cellulose kunoenderana nekunyudzwa kwemvura kwechikamu chepasi, kuumbwa kwemota, ukobvu hwechikamu chemota, kudiwa kwemvura kwemota, uye nguva yekuiswa kwezvinhu. Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwe ether ye cellulose pachayo kunobva mukunyungudika uye kupera simba kwe cellulose ether pachayo. Sezvatinoziva tese, kunyangwe cellulose molecular chain ine huwandu hwakawanda hwe OH groups dzinokwanisa kunyorova zvakanyanya, hainyungudike mumvura, nekuti chimiro che cellulose chine mwero wepamusoro we crystallinity.
Kugona kwehydroxyl groups chete kunyorovesa mvura hakuna kukwana kufukidza simba rehydrogen bonds uye van der Waals masimba pakati pemamorekuru. Saka, inongozvimba chete asi hainyungudike mumvura. Kana chinhu chinotsiva chikaiswa mu molecular chain, kwete chete chinhu chinotsiva chinoparadza hydrogen chain, asiwo interchain hydrogen bond inoparadzwa nekuda kwekubatana kwechinhu chinotsiva pakati pemaketani ari pedyo. Chinhu chinotsiva chikuru, daro riri pakati pemamorekuru rakakura. Daro riri kure. Kana mhedzisiro yekuparadza hydrogen bonds yakakura, cellulose ether inonyungudika mumvura mushure mekunge cellulose lattice yawedzera uye mhinduro ichipinda, ichigadzira mhinduro ine viscosity yakawanda. Kana tembiricha yakwira, hydration yepolymer inoderera, uye mvura iri pakati pemaketani inodzingwa. Kana mhedzisiro yekushaya mvura yakakwana, mamorekuru anotanga kuungana, achigadzira gel yechimiro che network ine mativi matatu uye inopetwa.
Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuchengetwa kwemvura mudhaka zvinosanganisira kusimba kwe cellulose ether, huwandu hwekuwedzera, kupfava kwezvikamu uye tembiricha yekushandisa:
Kana viscosity ye cellulose ether yakakura, zvinoita kuti kuchengetedza mvura kuwedzere. Viscosity ndiyo parameter inokosha yekushanda kweMC. Parizvino, vagadziri veMC vakasiyana vanoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana uye zvishandiso kuyera viscosity yeMC. Nzira huru ndiHaake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde naBrookfield. Pachigadzirwa chimwe chete, viscosity yakawanikwa nenzira dzakasiyana yakasiyana zvikuru, uye dzimwe dzine musiyano wakapetwa kaviri. Saka, kana tichienzanisa viscosity, inofanira kuitwa pakati penzira dzakafanana dzekuedza, kusanganisira tembiricha, rotor, nezvimwewo.
Kazhinji, kana viscosity yakakwira, zvinoita kuti mvura irambe ichichengetwa zvakanaka. Zvisinei, kana viscosity yakakwira uye huremu hweMC hwakakwira, kudzikira kwekunyungudika kwayo kuchaita kuti simba remuto riwedzere uye mashandiro ekuvaka. Kana viscosity yakakwira, zvinoita kuti ganda riwedzere kukora, asi harina kuenzana zvakananga. Kana viscosity yakakwira, ndipo pachava nekusimba kwakanyanya, ndiko kuti, panguva yekuvaka, inoonekwa seinonamatira pa scraper uye ine kunamatira kwakanyanya ku substrate. Asi hazvibatsiri kuwedzera simba remuto wemvura pachayo. Panguva yekuvaka, kushanda kwe anti-sag hakusi pachena. Kusiyana neizvi, mamwe ma viscosity epakati nepasi asi akagadziriswa methyl cellulose ethers ane mashandiro akanaka mukuvandudza simba remuto wemvura.
Kana huwandu hwe cellulose ether hukawedzerwa mumortar hwakakura, zvinoita kuti kuchengetedza mvura kurambe kuri nani, uye viscosity yacho ikakwira, zvinoita kuti kuchengetedza mvura kurambe kuri nani.
Kana tichitaura nezvehukuru hwezvikamu, kana zvikamu zvidiki, zvinova nani kuchengetedza mvura. Mushure mekunge zvikamu zvikuru zve cellulose ether zvasangana nemvura, pamusoro payo panobva panyunguduka uye panogadzira gel yekuputira zvinhu kudzivirira mamorekuru emvura kuti asarambe achipinda. Dzimwe nguva hazvigone kupararira zvakaenzana uye kunyunguduka kunyangwe mushure mekukurunga kwenguva refu, zvichigadzira mhinduro ine makore kana agglomeration. Zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetedza mvura kwe cellulose ether, uye kunyunguduka ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinosarudza cellulose ether.
Kupfava zvakare chiratidzo chakakosha chekushanda kwemethyl cellulose ether. Iyo MC inoshandiswa pakugadzira dry powder mortar inofanirwa kuve upfu, ine mvura shoma, uye kupfava kwayo kunodawo 20% ~ 60% yehukuru hwe particle kuti ive pasi pe63um. Kupfava uku kunokanganisa kunyungudika kwemethyl cellulose ether. Coarse MC inowanzo kuve granular, uye iri nyore kunyungudika mumvura isina agglomeration, asi mwero wekunyungudika unononoka, saka haina kukodzera kushandiswa mudry powder mortar. Mudry powder mortar, MC inoparadzirwa pakati pezvinhu zve cementing zvakaita se aggregate, final filler nesimende, uye upfu hwakakwana chete ndihwo hunogona kudzivirira methyl cellulose ether agglomeration kana ichisanganiswa nemvura. Kana MC ikawedzerwa nemvura kuti inyungudike agglomerates, zvinonetsa zvikuru kupararira nekunyungudika.
Kukora kweMC hakungoparadzi chete, asiwo kunoderedza simba remota yacho. Kana mota yakadaro yeupfu hwakaoma ikashandiswa munzvimbo yakakura, kumhanya kwemota yeupfu hwakaoma yemota yacho kuchaderera zvakanyanya, uye matombo achaonekwa nekuda kwenguva dzakasiyana dzekupisa. Kune mota yakapfapfaidzwa nekugadzirwa kwemuchina, zvinodiwa kuti ive yakakora zvakanyanya nekuda kwenguva pfupi yekusanganisa.
Kupfava kweMC kunewo mhedzisiro yakati pakuchengetedza mvura. Kazhinji, kune ethers dzemethyl cellulose dzine viscosity yakafanana asi kupfava kwakasiyana, kana huwandu hwacho hwakawedzerwa, kupfava kwakanyanya ndiko kuri nani kuchengetedza mvura.
Kuchengetwa kwemvura kweMC kune chekuitawo netembiricha inoshandiswa, uye kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose ether kunoderera nekuwedzera kwetembiricha. Zvisinei, mukushandiswa kwezvinhu chaizvo, dry powder mortar inowanzoiswa kune substrates dzinopisa patembiricha dzakakwirira (dzinopfuura madhigirii makumi mana) munzvimbo dzakawanda, dzakadai sekuiswa kwepurasitiki pamadziro ekunze pasi pezuva muzhizha, izvo zvinowanzo kurumidzisa Kucheneswa kwesimende uye kuoma kwe dry powder mortar. Kudzikira kwehuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura kunotungamira kune kunzwa kuri pachena kuti kushanda uye kuramba kutsemuka zvinokanganiswa, uye zvakakosha zvikuru kuderedza simba rezvinhu zvetembiricha pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya.
Kunyangwe methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether additives parizvino ichionekwa seiri pamberi pekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji, kuvimba kwayo nekupisa kucharamba kuchikonzera kushomeka kwekushanda kwedry powder mortar. Kunyangwe huwandu hwemethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose huchiwedzerwa (fomula yezhizha), kugona kushanda uye kuramba kupwanyika hazvigone kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Kuburikidza nekurapwa kwakakosha paMC, senge kuwedzera mwero we etherification, nezvimwewo, mhedzisiro yekuchengetedza mvura inogona kuchengetedzwa patembiricha yakakwira, kuitira kuti igone kupa mashandiro ari nani mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma.
3. Kukora uye Thixotropy yeCellulose Ether
Kukora uye thixotropy ye cellulose ether: Basa rechipiri re cellulose ether—kukora kunoenderana ne: mwero wepolymerization ye cellulose ether, kuwanda kwe solution, shear rate, tembiricha nezvimwe. Hunhu hwe gelling hwe solution hwakasiyana ne alkyl cellulose ne modified derivatives dzayo. Hunhu hwe gelation hune chekuita ne mwero we substitution, kuwanda kwe solution uye additives. Kune hydroxyalkyl modified derivatives, hunhu hwe gel hune chekuitawo ne mwero we modification we hydroxyalkyl. Kune low viscosity MC ne HPMC, 10%-15% solution inogona kugadzirwa, medium viscosity MC ne HPMC zvinogona kugadzirwa 5%-10% solution, nepo high viscosity MC ne HPMC zvinogona kugadzira 2%-3% solution chete, uye Kazhinji kupatsanurwa kwe viscosity ye cellulose ether kunoongororwawo ne 1%-2% solution.
Mushonga we cellulose ether une uremu hwakawanda une simba guru rekukora. Mumushonga mumwe chete, ma polymer ane huremu hwakasiyana ane viscosities dzakasiyana. Dhigirii repamusoro. Viscosity inotarwa inogona kuwanikwa chete nekuwedzera huwandu hwakawanda hwe cellulose ether ine uremu hwakaderera. Viscosity yayo haina kunyanya kutsamira padanho rekuchekwa, uye viscosity yakakwira inosvika pa viscosity inotarwa, uye huwandu hunodiwa hwekuwedzera hushoma, uye viscosity inoenderana nekushanda kwekukora. Naizvozvo, kuti uwane kugadzikana kwakati, huwandu hwakati hwe cellulose ether (kuwanda kwemhinduro) uye viscosity yemhinduro zvinofanirwa kuvimbiswa. Tembiricha yegel yemhinduro inodererawo zvakanangana nekuwedzera kwekuwanda kwemhinduro, uye ma gels patembiricha yekamuri mushure mekusvika pakuwanda kwakati. Kuwanda kwe gelling yeHPMC kwakakwira zvakanyanya patembiricha yekamuri.
Kuenderana kunogonawo kugadziriswa nekusarudza saizi yezvikamu uye kusarudza ether dze cellulose dzine madhigirii akasiyana ekuchinja. Chinonzi shanduko ndechekuunza mwero wakati wekutsiva mapoka ehydroxyalkyl pachimiro cheskeleton cheMC. Nekushandura marelative substitution values ezvikamu zviviri, kureva, maDS nems relative substitution values emapoka emethoxy nehydroxyalkyl atinowanzo taura. Zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushanda kwe cellulose ether zvinogona kuwanikwa nekushandura marelative substitution values ezvikamu zviviri.
Hukama huripo pakati pekuenderana uye kugadziriswa: kuwedzerwa kwe cellulose ether kunokanganisa kushandiswa kwemvura kwedhaka, kuchinja chiyero chemvura-binder chemvura nesimende ndiko kusimba kwemhedzisiro, chiyero chakakwira, ndiko kuwedzera kwekushandiswa kwemvura.
Cellulose ethers inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvekuvaka zvine upfu inofanira kunyungudika nekukurumidza mumvura inotonhora uye inopa kugadzikana kwakakodzera kwehurongwa. Kana ikapihwa mwero wakati wekucheka, inoramba ichiva flocculent uye colloidal block, inova chigadzirwa chisina kunaka kana chemhando yepamusoro.
Kunewo hukama hwakanaka pakati pekuenderana kwe simende paste uye chiyero che cellulose ether. Cellulose ether inogona kuwedzera zvakanyanya viscosity yemortar. Kana chiyero chikuru, mhedzisiro yacho inonyanya kuoneka. High-viscosity cellulose ether aqueous solution ine thixotropy yakakwira, inovawo hunhu hukuru hwe cellulose ether. Mhinduro dzemvura dzeMC polymers dzinowanzova nepseudoplastic uye non-thixotropic fluidity pasi petembiricha yavo yegel, asi Newtonian flow properties pa low shear rates. Pseudoplasticity inowedzera nehuremu hwemamorekuru kana huwandu hwe cellulose ether, zvisinei nerudzi rwe substituent uye mwero wekutsiva. Naizvozvo, cellulose ethers dze viscosity grade imwe chete, zvisinei neMC, HPMC, HEMC, dzichagara dzichiratidza hunhu hwakafanana hwe rheological chero bedzi huwandu netembiricha zvichiramba zviripo.
Magel ekuvaka anoumbwa kana tembiricha yakwira, uye kuyerera kwethixotropic kwakanyanya kunoitika. Ma ether e cellulose ane huwandu hwakanyanya uye diki diki anoratidza thixotropy kunyangwe ari pasi petembiricha yegel. Hunhu uhwu hunobatsira zvikuru pakugadzirisa kuenzana uye kudzikira mukuvaka dhaka rekuvaka. Zvinofanira kutsanangurwa pano kuti kana dhaka re cellulose ether rakakwira, kuchengetedza mvura kuri nani, asi kana dhaka re cellulose ether rakwira, huwandu hwemorekuru hwe cellulose ether hwakakwira, uye kudzikira kwakafanana mukunyungudika kwayo, izvo zvine mhedzisiro yakaipa pakuwanda kwedhaka uye mashandiro ekuvaka. Kana dhaka repamusoro, mhedzisiro yekukora iri pachena padhaka, asi haina kuenzana zvachose. Kumwe kusimba kwepakati nepasi, asi dhaka re cellulose ether rakagadziriswa rine mashandiro ari nani mukuvandudza simba rekuvaka redhaka remvura. Nekuwedzera kwehusimba, kuchengetedza mvura kwe cellulose ether kunovandudzika. 4. Kunonoka kwe ether ye cellulose
Kudzoserwa kwe cellulose ether: Basa rechitatu re cellulose ether nderekunonotsa kunyoroveswa kwesimbi. Cellulose ether inopa mortar zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobatsira, uye inoderedzawo kupisa kwekutanga kwesimbi uye inononotsa kunyoroveswa kwesimbi. Izvi hazvina kunaka pakushandiswa kwemortar munzvimbo dzinotonhora. Kudzoserwa uku kunokonzerwa nekunyudzwa kwemamorekuru e cellulose ether pazvigadzirwa zve hydration zvakaita seCSH ne ca(OH)2. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwe viscosity ye pore solution, cellulose ether inoderedza kufamba kwemaions mumushonga, nokudaro ichinonotsa kunyoroveswa kwesimbi.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-04-2023