I loko o ka mortar i hui mua ʻia, he haʻahaʻa loa ka nui o ka cellulose ether i hoʻohui ʻia, akā hiki iā ia ke hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka hana o ka mortar pulu, a he mea hoʻohui nui ia e hoʻopilikia i ka hana kūkulu o ka mortar. ʻO ke koho kūpono o nā cellulose ethers o nā ʻano like ʻole, nā viscosities like ʻole, nā nui ʻāpana like ʻole, nā kekelē like ʻole o ka viscosity a me nā nui i hoʻohui ʻia e loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka hana o ka mortar pauka maloʻo. I kēia manawa, he nui nā mortar masonry a me plastering i loaʻa ka hana paʻa wai maikaʻi ʻole, a e hoʻokaʻawale ka slurry wai ma hope o kekahi mau minuke o ke kū ʻana. ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai kahi hana koʻikoʻi o ka methyl cellulose ether, a he hana nō hoʻi ia e nānā nui ʻia e nā mea hana mortar maloʻo kūloko, ʻoiai ka poʻe ma nā ʻāina hema me nā mahana kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā mea e hoʻopilikia ana i ka hopena paʻa wai o ka mortar hui maloʻo e pili ana i ka nui o ka MC i hoʻohui ʻia, ka viscosity o MC, ka maikaʻi o nā ʻāpana a me ka mahana o ke kaiapuni hoʻohana.
1. Manaʻo
ʻO ka Cellulose ether kahi polymer synthetic i hana ʻia mai ka cellulose kūlohelohe ma o ka hoʻololi kemika. ʻO ka Cellulose ether kahi derivative o ka cellulose kūlohelohe. ʻOkoʻa ka hana ʻana o ka cellulose ether mai nā polymers synthetic. ʻO kāna mea kumu nui loa ʻo cellulose, kahi hui polymer kūlohelohe. Ma muli o ke ʻano kūikawā o ke ʻano cellulose kūlohelohe, ʻaʻohe hiki o ka cellulose ponoʻī ke hana me nā mea etherification. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka mālama ʻana i ka mea pehu, ua luku ʻia nā pilina hydrogen ikaika ma waena o nā kaulahao molekala a me nā kaulahao, a lilo ka hoʻokuʻu ikaika o ka hui hydroxyl i cellulose alkali reactive. E kiʻi i ka cellulose ether.
Aia nā waiwai o nā ethers cellulose i ke ʻano, ka helu a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā substituents. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā ethers cellulose ma ke ʻano o nā substituents, ke kekelē o ka etherification, ka solubility a me nā waiwai noi pili. Wahi a ke ʻano o nā substituents ma ke kaulahao molekala, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i monoether a me ka ether hui ʻia. ʻO ka MC a mākou e hoʻohana pinepine ai he monoether, a ʻo ka HPMC he ether hui ʻia. ʻO Methyl cellulose ether MC ka huahana ma hope o ka hui hydroxyl ma ka ʻāpana glucose o ka cellulose kūlohelohe i pani ʻia e methoxy. He huahana ia i loaʻa ma ke pani ʻana i kahi ʻāpana o ka hui hydroxyl ma ka ʻāpana me kahi hui methoxy a me kekahi ʻāpana me kahi hui hydroxypropyl. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻonohonoho ʻo [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, ʻo ia nā ʻano nui i hoʻohana nui ʻia a kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke.
Ma ke ʻano o ka solubility, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ionic a me non-ionic. ʻO nā ether cellulose non-ionic wai-soluble ʻia i haku ʻia me ʻelua mau moʻo o alkyl ethers a me hydroxyalkyl ethers. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Ionic CMC i nā detergents synthetic, ka paʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i ka lole, ka ʻimi ʻana i ka meaʻai a me ka aila. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Non-ionic MC, HPMC, HEMC, a pēlā aku i nā mea kūkulu hale, nā uhi latex, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā kemika o kēlā me kēia lā, a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he thickener, mea paʻa wai, mea hoʻopaʻa, mea hoʻolaha a me ka mea hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
ʻO ka lua, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka cellulose ether
Ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka cellulose ether: I ka hana ʻana o nā mea kūkulu hale, ʻoi aku ka pauka maloʻo maloʻo, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka cellulose ether, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka mortar kūikawā (moltar i hoʻololi ʻia), he mea nui ia a he mea nui hoʻi.
ʻO ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o ka cellulose ether wai-hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka mortar he ʻekolu mau ʻano nui, ʻo kekahi ka mana paʻa wai maikaʻi loa, ʻo kekahi ka mana ma ke kūlike a me ka thixotropy o ka mortar, a ʻo ke kolu ka launa pū ʻana me ka sima. ʻO ka hopena paʻa wai o ka cellulose ether e pili ana i ka omo ʻana o ka wai o ka papa kumu, ke ʻano o ka mortar, ka mānoanoa o ka papa mortar, ke koi wai o ka mortar, a me ka manawa hoʻonohonoho o ka mea hoʻonohonoho. ʻO ka paʻa wai o ka cellulose ether ponoʻī mai ka solubility a me ka dehydration o ka cellulose ether ponoʻī. E like me kā mākou e ʻike nei, ʻoiai aia ka nui o nā hui OH hydratable kiʻekiʻe i loko o ke kaulahao molekala cellulose, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, no ka mea, he kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka crystallinity o ke ʻano cellulose.
ʻAʻole lawa ka hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia o nā hui hydroxyl wale nō e uhi i nā pilina hydrogen ikaika a me nā mana van der Waals ma waena o nā molekala. No laila, pehu wale ia akā ʻaʻole e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai. Ke hoʻokomo ʻia kahi substituent i loko o ke kaulahao molekala, ʻaʻole wale ka substituent e luku i ke kaulahao hydrogen, akā ua luku ʻia ka pilina hydrogen interchain ma muli o ka wedging o ka substituent ma waena o nā kaulahao pili. ʻO ka nui o ka substituent, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mamao ma waena o nā molekala. ʻO ka nui o ka mamao. ʻO ka nui o ka hopena o ka luku ʻana i nā pilina hydrogen, lilo ka cellulose ether i mea hoʻoheheʻe wai ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka cellulose lattice a komo ka hopena, e hana ana i kahi hopena viscosity kiʻekiʻe. Ke piʻi ka mahana, nāwaliwali ka hydration o ka polymer, a ua kipaku ʻia ka wai ma waena o nā kaulahao. Ke lawa ka hopena dehydration, hoʻomaka nā molekala e hōʻuluʻulu, e hana ana i kahi gel ʻano pūnaewele ʻekolu-dimensional a pelu ʻia.
ʻO nā mea e pili ana i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar e komo pū me ka viscosity cellulose ether, ka nui o ka hoʻohui, ka fineness o nā ʻāpana a me ka mahana hoʻohana:
ʻO ka nui o ka viscosity o ka cellulose ether, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana paʻa wai. ʻO ka viscosity kahi mea nui o ka hana MC. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana nā mea hana MC like ʻole i nā ʻano hana a me nā mea hana like ʻole e ana i ka viscosity o MC. ʻO nā ʻano hana nui ʻo Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde a me Brookfield. No ka huahana like, ʻokoʻa loa nā hopena viscosity i ana ʻia e nā ʻano hana like ʻole, a ua pālua kekahi i nā ʻokoʻa. No laila, i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i ka viscosity, pono e hana ʻia ma waena o nā ʻano hoʻāʻo like, me ka mahana, ka rotor, a pēlā aku.
Ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena paʻa wai. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity a me ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaumaha molekala o MC, ʻo ka emi ʻana o kona solubility e loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka ikaika a me ka hana kūkulu o ka mortar. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity, ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka hopena mānoanoa ma ka mortar, akā ʻaʻole ia he kūlike pololei. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity, ʻoi aku ka viscous o ka mortar pulu, ʻo ia hoʻi, i ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana, ua hōʻike ʻia ia he pipili i ka scraper a me ka hoʻopili kiʻekiʻe i ka substrate. Akā, ʻaʻole ia he mea kōkua ke hoʻonui i ka ikaika kūkulu o ka mortar pulu ponoʻī. I ka wā o ke kūkulu ʻana, ʻaʻole maopopo ka hana anti-sag. Ma ke ʻano ʻē, ʻo kekahi mau viscosity waena a me ka haʻahaʻa akā ua hoʻololi ʻia nā methyl cellulose ethers he hana maikaʻi loa i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika kūkulu o ka mortar pulu.
ʻO ka nui o ka cellulose ether i hoʻohui ʻia i ka mortar, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana paʻa wai, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana paʻa wai.
E pili ana i ka nui o nā ʻāpana, ʻo ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ʻāpana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā ʻāpana nui o ka cellulose ether me ka wai, hoʻoheheʻe koke ka ʻili a hana i kahi gel e kāʻei i ka mea e pale ai i nā mole wai mai ka hoʻomau ʻana o ke komo ʻana. I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopuehu like ʻia a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hana ana i kahi hopena flocculent ao a i ʻole ka hoʻohuihui. Hoʻopilikia nui ia i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka cellulose ether, a ʻo ka solubility kekahi o nā kumu no ke koho ʻana i ka cellulose ether.
ʻO ka maikaʻi kekahi ʻōkuhi hana koʻikoʻi o ka methyl cellulose ether. Pono ka MC i hoʻohana ʻia no ka mortar pauka maloʻo e lilo i pauka, me ka haʻahaʻa o ka wai, a ʻo ka maikaʻi hoʻi e pono ai he 20% ~ 60% o ka nui o ka ʻāpana e emi iho ma mua o 63um. Hoʻopilikia ka maikaʻi i ka solubility o ka methyl cellulose ether. ʻO ka MC Coarse he granular maʻamau, a maʻalahi ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai me ka ʻole o ka agglomeration, akā lohi loa ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole kūpono ia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mortar pauka maloʻo. I loko o ka mortar pauka maloʻo, ua hoʻopuehu ʻia ʻo MC ma waena o nā mea sima e like me ka aggregate, ka mea hoʻopiha maikaʻi a me ka sima, a ʻo ka pauka maikaʻi wale nō e hiki ke pale aku i ka agglomeration methyl cellulose ether i ka wā e hui pū ai me ka wai. Ke hoʻohui ʻia ʻo MC me ka wai e hoʻoheheʻe i nā agglomerates, he paʻakikī loa ka hoʻopuehu a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana.
ʻAʻole wale ka ʻōpala paʻakikī o MC he mea hoʻonele wale nō, akā hoʻemi pū kekahi i ka ikaika kūloko o ka mortar. Ke hoʻopili ʻia kēlā ʻano mortar pauka maloʻo ma kahi ākea, e emi nui ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka mortar pauka maloʻo kūloko, a e ʻike ʻia nā māwae ma muli o nā manawa hoʻōla like ʻole. No ka mortar i pīpī ʻia me ke kūkulu mechanical, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koi no ka fineness ma muli o ka manawa hui pōkole.
Loaʻa i ka maikaʻi o MC kahi hopena i kona paʻa ʻana i ka wai. Ma ke ʻano laulā, no nā methyl cellulose ethers me ka viscosity like akā ʻokoʻa ka maikaʻi, ma lalo o ka nui o ka hoʻohui like, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi o ka hopena paʻa wai.
Pili pū ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o MC i ka mahana i hoʻohana ʻia, a emi iho ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka methyl cellulose ether me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana. Eia nō naʻe, i nā noi mea maoli, hoʻopili pinepine ʻia ka mortar pauka maloʻo i nā substrates wela ma nā mahana kiʻekiʻe (ʻoi aku ma mua o 40 degere) ma nā wahi he nui, e like me ka plastering putty paia waho ma lalo o ka lā i ke kauwela, kahi e hoʻolalelale pinepine ai i ka hoʻōla ʻana o ka sima a me ka paʻakikī ʻana o ka mortar pauka maloʻo. ʻO ka emi ʻana o ka helu paʻa wai e alakaʻi ai i ka manaʻo maopopo e pili ana ka hana a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka māwae, a he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia e hōʻemi i ka mana o nā mea mahana ma lalo o kēia kūlana.
ʻOiai ke manaʻo ʻia nei nā mea hoʻohui methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether ma ke alo o ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana, ʻo ko lākou hilinaʻi ʻana i ka mahana e alakaʻi mau i ka nāwaliwali o ka hana o ka mortar pauka maloʻo. ʻOiai ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (formula kauwela), ʻaʻole hiki i ka hana a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka haki ke hoʻokō i nā pono o ka hoʻohana. Ma o kekahi mālama kūikawā ma MC, e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka etherification, a pēlā aku, hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hopena paʻa wai ma kahi mahana kiʻekiʻe, i hiki ai ke hāʻawi i ka hana maikaʻi aʻe ma lalo o nā kūlana paʻakikī.
3. Mānoanoa a me ka Thixotropy o Cellulose Ether
ʻO ka mānoanoa a me ka thixotropy o ka cellulose ether: ʻO ka hana ʻelua o ka cellulose ether—ʻo ka hopena mānoanoa e pili ana i: ke kiʻekiʻe o ka polymerization o ka cellulose ether, ka nui o ka hopena, ka wikiwiki o ka shear, ka mahana a me nā kūlana ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka waiwai gelling o ka hopena he mea kū hoʻokahi ia i ka alkyl cellulose a me kāna mau derivatives i hoʻololi ʻia. Pili nā waiwai gelation i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pani ʻana, ka nui o ka hopena a me nā mea hoʻohui. No nā derivatives i hoʻololi ʻia e ka hydroxyalkyl, pili pū nā waiwai gel i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka hydroxyalkyl. No ka MC viscosity haʻahaʻa a me HPMC, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka hopena 10%-15%, hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka MC viscosity waena a me HPMC i ka hopena 5%-10%, ʻoiai ʻo ka MC viscosity kiʻekiʻe a me HPMC hiki ke hoʻomākaukau i ka hopena 2%-3% wale nō, a ʻo ka maʻamau ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka viscosity o ka cellulose ether ua helu ʻia hoʻi e ka hopena 1%-2%.
Loaʻa i ka cellulose ether kaumaha molekala kiʻekiʻe ka pono hoʻomānoanoa kiʻekiʻe. I loko o ka hopena hoʻohui like, loaʻa i nā polymers me nā kaumaha molekala like ʻole nā viscosities like ʻole. Kiʻekiʻe ke kekelē. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka viscosity i manaʻo ʻia ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i kahi nui o ka cellulose ether kaumaha molekala haʻahaʻa. ʻAʻole pili iki kona viscosity i ka wikiwiki o ka shear, a hiki i ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe i ka viscosity i manaʻo ʻia, a he liʻiliʻi ka nui o ka hoʻohui i koi ʻia, a pili ka viscosity i ka pono hoʻomānoanoa. No laila, no ka hoʻokō ʻana i kahi kūlike, pono e hōʻoia ʻia kahi nui o ka cellulose ether (ka nui o ka hopena) a me ka viscosity o ka hopena. Hoʻemi pū ka mahana gel o ka hopena me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o ka hopena, a me nā gels ma ka mahana o ka lumi ma hope o ka hiki ʻana i kahi nui. Kiʻekiʻe iki ka nui o ka gelling o HPMC ma ka mahana o ka lumi.
Hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia ke kūlike ma ke koho ʻana i ka nui o ka ʻāpana a me ke koho ʻana i nā ethers cellulose me nā kekelē like ʻole o ka hoʻololi ʻana. ʻO ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana, ʻo ia ka hoʻokomo ʻana i kahi kekelē o ka pani ʻana o nā hui hydroxyalkyl ma ke ʻano iwi o MC. Ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai pani pili o nā mea pani ʻelua, ʻo ia hoʻi, nā waiwai pani pili DS a me ms o nā hui methoxy a me hydroxyalkyl a mākou e ʻōlelo pinepine ai. Hiki ke loaʻa nā koi hana like ʻole o ka cellulose ether ma ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā waiwai pani pili o nā mea pani ʻelua.
ʻO ka pilina ma waena o ke kūlike a me ka hoʻololi ʻana: ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka cellulose ether e hoʻopilikia i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai o ka mortar, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka lakio wai-mea hoʻopaʻa o ka wai a me ka sima ka hopena mānoanoa, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka dosage, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai.
Pono nā ethers cellulose i hoʻohana ʻia i loko o nā mea kūkulu pauka e hoʻoheheʻe koke i ka wai anuanu a hāʻawi i kahi kūlike kūpono no ka ʻōnaehana. Inā hāʻawi ʻia i kahi helu shear, lilo mau ia i flocculent a me ka colloidal block, he huahana maikaʻi ʻole a maikaʻi ʻole paha.
Aia kekahi pilina linear maikaʻi ma waena o ke kūlike o ka paʻi sima a me ka nui o ka cellulose ether. Hiki i ka Cellulose ether ke hoʻonui nui i ka viscosity o ka mortar. ʻO ka nui o ka nui, ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka hopena. Loaʻa i ka wai cellulose ether kiʻekiʻe ka thixotropy kiʻekiʻe, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi ʻano nui o ka cellulose ether. ʻO nā wai wai o nā polymers MC he pseudoplastic a me ka non-thixotropic fluidity ma lalo o ko lākou mahana gel, akā ʻo nā waiwai kahe Newtonian ma nā helu shear haʻahaʻa. Hoʻonui ka Pseudoplasticity me ke kaumaha molekala a i ʻole ka nui o ka cellulose ether, me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano o ka substituent a me ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana. No laila, ʻo nā cellulose ethers o ka papa viscosity like, ʻaʻohe mea MC, HPMC, HEMC, e hōʻike mau i nā waiwai rheological like inā e mālama mau ʻia ka nui a me ka mahana.
Hoʻokumu ʻia nā gels kūkulu i ka wā e hoʻokiʻekiʻe ʻia ai ka mahana, a loaʻa nā kahe thixotropic kiʻekiʻe. Hōʻike nā cellulose ethers kiʻekiʻe a me ka viscosity haʻahaʻa i ka thixotropy ma lalo o ka mahana gel. He pōmaikaʻi nui kēia waiwai i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka leveling a me ka sagging i ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mortar hale. Pono e wehewehe ʻia ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity o ka cellulose ether, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, akā ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kaumaha molekala pili o ka cellulose ether, a me ka emi ʻana o kona solubility, kahi i loaʻa ka hopena maikaʻi ʻole i ka noʻonoʻo mortar a me ka hana kūkulu. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity, ʻoi aku ka maopopo o ka hopena mānoanoa ma ka mortar, akā ʻaʻole ia he kūlike piha. ʻO kekahi viscosity waena a me ka haʻahaʻa, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana o ka cellulose ether i hoʻololi ʻia i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka ikaika kūkulu o ka mortar pulu. Me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka viscosity, hoʻomaikaʻi ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka cellulose ether. 4. Ka lohi o ka cellulose ether
Ka lohi ʻana o ka cellulose ether: ʻO ke kolu o ka hana o ka cellulose ether, ʻo ia ka hoʻopaneʻe ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hydration o ka sima. Hāʻawi ka Cellulose ether i ka mortar me nā waiwai pono like ʻole, a hōʻemi pū i ka wela hydration mua o ka sima a hoʻopaneʻe i ke kaʻina hana hydration dynamic o ka sima. He mea kūpono ʻole kēia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mortar ma nā wahi anuanu. Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia hopena lohi e ka adsorption o nā mole cellulose ether ma nā huahana hydration e like me CSH a me ca(OH)2. Ma muli o ka hoʻonui ʻia o ka viscosity o ka hopena pore, hoʻemi ka cellulose ether i ka neʻe ʻana o nā ions i loko o ka hopena, a laila e hoʻopaneʻe ana i ke kaʻina hana hydration.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Pepeluali-04-2023