N'ime ite a gwakọtara agwakọta, ọnụọgụ cellulose ether dị obere nke ukwuu, mana ọ nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ nke ite mmiri dị mma nke ukwuu, ọ bụkwa ihe mgbakwunye bụ isi nke na-emetụta arụmọrụ owuwu nke ite mmiri. Nhọrọ ezi uche dị na ya nke ethers cellulose nke ụdị dị iche iche, viscosities dị iche iche, nha ihe dị iche iche, ogo viscosity dị iche iche na ọnụọgụ agbakwunyere ga-enwe mmetụta dị mma na mmezi nke ite mmiri akọrọ. Ugbu a, ọtụtụ ite mmiri na ite mmiri anaghị arụ ọrụ nke ọma, mmiri mmiri ga-ekewapụkwa mgbe nkeji ole na ole nke ịnọdụ ala. Idobe mmiri bụ arụmọrụ dị mkpa nke methyl cellulose ether, ọ bụkwa arụmọrụ nke ọtụtụ ndị na-emepụta ite mmiri akọrọ n'ụlọ, karịsịa ndị nọ na mpaghara ndịda nwere oke okpomọkụ, na-elebara anya na ya. Ihe ndị na-emetụta mmetụta idobe mmiri nke ite mmiri akọrọ gụnyere ọnụọgụ MC agbakwunyere, viscosity nke MC, ịdị mma nke ihe na okpomọkụ nke gburugburu ebe obibi ojiji.
1. Echiche
Cellulose ether bụ polima sịntetik nke e ji cellulose eke mee site na mgbanwe kemịkalụ. Cellulose ether bụ ihe sitere na cellulose eke. Mmepụta nke cellulose ether dị iche na polima sịntetik. Ihe kachasị mkpa ya bụ cellulose, ihe mejupụtara polymer eke. N'ihi nkọwapụta nke usoro cellulose eke, cellulose n'onwe ya enweghị ike imeghachi omume na ihe ndị na-eme ka etherification dị. Agbanyeghị, mgbe ọgwụgwọ nke ihe na-eme ka ọzịza dị, njikọ hydrogen siri ike dị n'etiti agbụ molekul na agbụ ahụ na-ebibi, mwepụta na-arụ ọrụ nke otu hydroxyl na-aghọ cellulose alkali reactive. Nweta cellulose ether.
Njirimara nke ethers cellulose dabere na ụdị, ọnụọgụ na nkesa nke ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe. Nhazi nke ethers cellulose daberekwa n'ụdị ihe ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe, ogo nke etherification, ịgbaze na njirimara ngwa ndị metụtara ya. Dịka ụdị ihe ndị dị na yinye molekul si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya na monoether na ether agwakọtara. MC anyị na-ejikarị bụ monoether, HPMC bụkwa ether agwakọtara. Methyl cellulose ether MC bụ ngwaahịa mgbe ejiri methoxy dochie otu hydroxyl na nkeji glucose nke cellulose eke. Ọ bụ ngwaahịa enwetara site na iji otu methoxy dochie akụkụ nke otu hydroxyl na nkeji ahụ na otu methoxy na akụkụ ọzọ na otu hydroxypropyl. Usoro nhazi bụ [C6H7O2(OH)3-mn(OCH3)m[OCH2CH(OH)CH3]n]x Hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, ndị a bụ ụdị ndị bụ isi ejiri ma na-ere n'ahịa.
Maka ịgbaze mmiri, enwere ike kewaa ya ụzọ ionic na non-ionic. Ethers cellulose na-agbaze mmiri na-abụkarị usoro alkyl ethers na hydroxyalkyl ethers. A na-ejikarị Ionic CMC eme ihe n'ihe e ji asa ákwà, ibipụta ákwà na agba agba, nchọpụta nri na mmanụ. A na-ejikarị Non-ionic MC, HPMC, HEMC, wdg eme ihe n'ihe owuwu, mkpuchi latex, ọgwụ, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị, wdg. A na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-ejide mmiri, ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-agbasa na ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri.
Nke abụọ, njigide mmiri nke cellulose ether
Mmiri nke cellulose ether: N'imepụta ihe owuwu ụlọ, ọkachasị ngwa agha ntụ ntụ akọrọ, cellulose ether na-arụ ọrụ a na-apụghị ịgbanwe agbanwe, ọkachasị n'imepụta ngwa agha pụrụ iche (ngwa agha agbanwere agbanwe), ọ bụ ihe dị oke mkpa ma dị mkpa.
Ọrụ dị mkpa nke cellulose ether nke mmiri na-agbaze na ngwa agha nwere akụkụ atọ, otu bụ ikike idobe mmiri nke ọma, nke ọzọ bụ mmetụta na nguzozi na thixotropy nke ngwa agha, nke atọ bụ mmekọrịta ya na simenti. Mmetụta idobe mmiri nke cellulose ether dabere na mmiri nke oyi akwa isi, nhazi nke ngwa agha, ọkpụrụkpụ nke oyi akwa ngwa agha, mkpa mmiri nke ngwa agha, na oge ntọala nke ihe ntọala. Idobe mmiri nke cellulose ether n'onwe ya sitere na mmiri na ịkpọ nkụ nke cellulose ether n'onwe ya. Dịka anyị niile maara, ọ bụ ezie na yinye molekul cellulose nwere ọtụtụ ìgwè OH dị oke mmiri mmiri, ọ naghị agbaze na mmiri, n'ihi na nhazi cellulose nwere nnukwu kristal.
Ike mmiri nke otu hydroxyl naanị ezughi oke iji kpuchie njikọ hydrogen siri ike na ike van der Waals n'etiti molekul. Ya mere, ọ na-aza naanị mana ọ naghị agbaze na mmiri. Mgbe etinyere ihe nnọchi n'ime agbụ molekul, ọ bụghị naanị ihe nnọchi ahụ na-ebibi agbụ hydrogen, kamakwa njikọ hydrogen interchain na-ebibi n'ihi njikọ nke ihe nnọchi n'etiti agbụ ndị dị nso. Ka ihe nnọchi ahụ buru ibu, otú ahụ ka anya dị n'etiti molekul ka ukwuu. Ka anya dị ukwuu. Ka mmetụta nke ibibi njikọ hydrogen ka ukwuu, cellulose ether na-aghọ mmiri mmiri mgbe cellulose lattice gbasaa ma ngwọta ahụ abanye, na-emepụta ngwọta dị elu. Mgbe okpomọkụ rịrị elu, mmiri nke polymer na-ebelata, mmiri dị n'etiti agbụ ahụ na-apụ. Mgbe mmetụta mmiri gwụchara ezuola, molekul na-amalite ịchịkọta, na-emepụta gel nhazi netwọk atọ ma gbajie.
Ihe ndị na-emetụta njide mmiri nke ngwa agha gụnyere cellulose ether viscosity, ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye, ịdị mma nke ihe na okpomọkụ ojiji:
Ka viscosity nke cellulose ether na-amụba, otú ahụ ka arụmọrụ nchekwa mmiri ka mma. Viscosity bụ ihe dị mkpa maka arụmọrụ MC. Ugbu a, ndị nrụpụta MC dị iche iche na-eji ụzọ na ngwa dị iche iche atụ viscosity nke MC. Ụzọ ndị bụ isi bụ Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde na Brookfield. Maka otu ngwaahịa ahụ, nsonaazụ viscosity nke usoro dị iche iche tụrụ dị nnọọ iche, ụfọdụ nwekwara ọdịiche okpukpu abụọ. Ya mere, mgbe a na-atụnyere viscosity, a ga-eme ya n'etiti otu ụzọ nnwale ahụ, gụnyere okpomọkụ, rotor, wdg.
N'ikwu ya n'ozuzu, ka viscosity dị elu, otú ahụ ka mmetụta njigide mmiri ka mma. Agbanyeghị, ka viscosity dị elu ma ka ibu molekul nke MC dị elu, mbelata kwekọrọ na ya na ike ya ga-enwe mmetụta ọjọọ na ike na arụmọrụ owuwu nke slaịza ahụ. Ka viscosity dị elu, otú ahụ ka mmetụta ọkpụrụkpụ ya na slaịza ahụ na-apụta ìhè, mana ọ bụghị nha anya kpọmkwem. Ka viscosity dị elu, otú ahụ ka slaịza mmiri ga-adịkwu, ya bụ, n'oge owuwu, a na-egosipụta ya dị ka ịrapara na scraper na nrapara dị elu na substrate. Mana ọ baghị uru ịbawanye ike nhazi nke slaịza mmiri n'onwe ya. N'oge owuwu, arụmọrụ mgbochi sag adịghị apụta ìhè. N'ụzọ megidere nke ahụ, ụfọdụ viscosity dị ọkara na obere mana methyl cellulose ethers agbanwere agbanwe nwere arụmọrụ dị mma n'imeziwanye ike nhazi nke slaịza mmiri.
Ka ọnụọgụgụ cellulose ether a na-etinye n'ime moto ahụ na-abawanye, otú ahụ ka arụmọrụ nchekwa mmiri ka mma, na oke viscosity dị elu, otú ahụ ka arụmọrụ nchekwa mmiri ka mma.
Banyere nha nke ihe ndị dị n'ime ya, ka ihe ndị dị n'ime ya si dị nro, otú ahụ ka ihe ndị dị n'ime ya si dị mma. Mgbe nnukwu ihe ndị dị n'ime ya batara na mmiri, elu ya na-agbaze ozugbo ma mepụta gel iji kechie ihe ahụ iji gbochie ihe ndị dị n'ime ya ka ha ghara ịbanye n'ime mmiri. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a pụghị ịgbasa ya ma gbazee ya n'otu aka ahụ ọbụlagodi mgbe ọ gbasịrị ya ogologo oge, na-emepụta ihe ngwọta flocculent ma ọ bụ agglomeration. Ọ na-emetụta nke ukwuu n'ijide mmiri nke cellulose ether, ịgbazekwa bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-eme ka a họrọ cellulose ether.
Nchacha bụkwa ihe dị mkpa maka arụmọrụ nke methyl cellulose ether. MC eji eme ihe maka ngwa agha ntụ ntụ akọrọ chọrọ ka ọ bụrụ ntụ ntụ, nwere obere mmiri, na nchacha ahụ chọkwara ka 20% ~ 60% nke nha ihe ndị ahụ ghara ịdị ihe karịrị 63um. Nchacha ahụ na-emetụta ike ịgbaze nke methyl cellulose ether. Nchacha MC na-abụkarị granular, ọ dịkwa mfe ịgbaze na mmiri na-enweghị nchacha, mana ọnụego mgbaze na-adị nwayọ, yabụ ọ dịghị mma maka iji ya na ngwa agha ntụ ntụ akọrọ. Na ngwa agha ntụ ntụ akọrọ, a na-agbasa MC n'etiti ihe ndị e ji simenti mee dị ka mkpokọta, ihe na-ejupụta nke ọma na simenti, naanị ntụ ntụ zuru oke nwere ike izere nchacha methyl cellulose ether mgbe a na-agwakọta ya na mmiri. Mgbe etinyere MC na mmiri iji gbazee agglomerates, ọ na-esiri ike ịgbasa ma gbazee.
Ọ bụghị naanị na ịdị nro nke MC na-emefusị ihe, kamakwa ọ na-ebelata ike mpaghara nke mortar ahụ. Mgbe etinyere mortar ntụ ntụ akọrọ dị otú ahụ n'ebe buru ibu, ọsọ ọgwụgwọ nke mortar ntụ ntụ akọrọ dị n'ógbè ahụ ga-ebelata nke ukwuu, mgbawa ga-apụtakwa n'ihi oge ọgwụgwọ dị iche iche. Maka mortar a fesara nke nwere owuwu igwe, ihe achọrọ maka ịdị nro dị elu n'ihi obere oge ịgwakọta ya.
Ịdị mma nke MC nwekwara mmetụta ụfọdụ na njigide mmiri ya. N'ozuzu, maka methyl cellulose ethers nwere otu viscosity mana ịdị mma dị iche iche, n'okpuru otu ọnụọgụ mgbakwunye ahụ, ka ọ na-adị mma ka ọ na-eme ka mmetụta njigide mmiri ka mma.
Njide mmiri nke MC na-emetụtakwa okpomọkụ ejiri mee ihe, ebe nchekwa mmiri nke methyl cellulose ether na-ebelata ka okpomọkụ na-arị elu. Agbanyeghị, n'ihe eji eme ihe n'ezie, a na-etinyekarị ụrọ ntụ ntụ akọrọ na ihe ndị na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ dị elu (karịa ogo 40) n'ọtụtụ ebe, dịka ịcha mgbidi mpụta n'okpuru anyanwụ n'oge ọkọchị, nke na-eme ka simenti dị ngwa ngwa na ime ka ájá kpọrọ nkụ sie ike. Mbelata nke ọnụego njide mmiri na-eduga n'inwe mmetụta doro anya na ma ike ịrụ ọrụ ma iguzogide mgbawa na-emetụta, ọ dịkwa oke mkpa ibelata mmetụta nke ihe okpomọkụ n'okpuru ọnọdụ a.
Ọ bụ ezie na a na-ewere ihe mgbakwunye methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether dị ka ihe mbụ na mmepe teknụzụ, ịdabere na okpomọkụ ka ga-eme ka arụmọrụ nke ngwa agha ntụ ntụ kpọrọ nkụ ghara ịdị ike. Ọ bụ ezie na ọnụọgụ methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose na-abawanye (usoro oge okpomọkụ), ike ịrụ ọrụ na iguzogide mgbawa ka enweghị ike izute mkpa ojiji. Site na ọgwụgwọ pụrụ iche na MC, dị ka ịbawanye ogo nke etherification, wdg., enwere ike idobe mmetụta njigide mmiri na okpomọkụ dị elu, ka o wee nwee ike inye arụmọrụ ka mma n'ọnọdụ siri ike.
3. Ịkpụ na Ịkpụcha Cellulose Ether
Ịkpọ na thixotropy nke cellulose ether: Ọrụ nke abụọ nke cellulose ether—mmetụta ọkpụrụkpụ dabere na: ogo nke polymerization nke cellulose ether, ntinye nke ngwọta, ọnụego shear, okpomọkụ na ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ. Njirimara gelling nke ngwọta ahụ pụrụ iche na alkyl cellulose na ihe ndị sitere na ya agbanwere agbanwe. Njirimara gelation metụtara ogo nnọchi, ntinye nke ngwọta na ihe mgbakwunye. Maka ihe ndị sitere na hydroxyalkyl gbanwere agbanwe, ihe ndị sitere na gel nwekwara njikọ na ogo mgbanwe nke hydroxyalkyl. Maka obere viscosity MC na HPMC, enwere ike ịkwadebe ihe ngwọta 10%-15%, enwere ike ịkwadebe viscosity ọkara MC na HPMC ngwọta 5%-10%, ebe nnukwu viscosity MC na HPMC nwere ike ịkwadebe naanị ihe ngwọta 2%-3%, na Ọtụtụ mgbe, a na-ejikwa ihe ngwọta 1%-2% nke viscosity nke cellulose ether tụnyere nhazi viscosity nke cellulose ether.
Ether cellulose dị arọ nke dị elu nwere nnukwu arụmọrụ nke ịdị arọ. N'otu ngwọta nke ịdị arọ, polima nwere ibu molekul dị iche iche nwere viscosities dị iche iche. Oke ogo. Enwere ike inweta viscosity ebumnuche naanị site na ịgbakwunye nnukwu oke cellulose ether dị ala. Viscosity ya anaghị adabere na ọnụego shear, oke viscosity ya na-erukwa viscosity ebumnuche, ego mgbakwunye achọrọ dịkwa obere, viscosity dabere na arụmọrụ ịdị arọ. Ya mere, iji nweta nkwekọ ụfọdụ, a ga-enwerịrị nkwa na a ga-emerịrị ụfọdụ cellulose ether (ntinye nke ngwọta) na viscosity ngwọta. Okpomọkụ gel nke ngwọta ahụ na-ebelatakwa n'usoro ka mmụba nke ntinye nke ngwọta ahụ, na gels na okpomọkụ ụlọ mgbe ọ ruru ụfọdụ njupụta. Ngụkọta gelling nke HPMC dị elu na okpomọkụ ụlọ.
Enwere ike ịgbanwe nkwekọ site n'ịhọrọ nha ihe dị n'ime ya na ịhọrọ ethers cellulose nwere ọkwa mgbanwe dị iche iche. Ihe a na-akpọ mgbanwe bụ iwebata ụfọdụ ọkwa nnọchi nke otu hydroxyalkyl na nhazi ọkpụkpụ nke MC. Site n'ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ nnọchi anya nke ihe abụọ ahụ, ya bụ, ụkpụrụ nnọchi anya DS na ms nke otu methoxy na hydroxyalkyl nke anyị na-ekwukarị. Enwere ike nweta ihe dị iche iche achọrọ maka arụmọrụ nke cellulose ether site na ịgbanwe ụkpụrụ nnọchi anya nke ihe abụọ ahụ.
Mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nguzozi na mgbanwe: mgbakwunye nke cellulose ether na-emetụta oriri mmiri nke ngwa agha, ịgbanwe oke mmiri nke mmiri na simenti bụ mmetụta siri ike, ka dose dị elu, ka oriri mmiri na-abawanye.
Cellulose ethers eji eme ihe n'ime ihe eji arụ ụlọ ga-agbaze ngwa ngwa na mmiri oyi ma nye usoro ahụ nha nha kwesịrị ekwesị. Ọ bụrụ na enyere ya ọnụego ịkpụcha ya, ọ ka na-aghọ ngọngọ na-agbaze ma na-agbanwe agbanwe, nke bụ ngwaahịa na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ nke na-adịghị mma.
E nwekwara ezigbo mmekọrịta dị n'etiti nguzosi ike nke simenti na nha nke cellulose ether. Cellulose ether nwere ike ime ka viscosity nke ngwa agha dịkwuo elu. Ka dose ahụ buru ibu, otú ahụ ka mmetụta ya na-apụta ìhè. Mmiri mmiri cellulose ether cellulose dị elu nwere thixotropy dị elu, nke bụkwa ihe bụ isi nke cellulose ether. Mmiri mmiri nke MC polymers na-enwekarị mmiri mmiri pseudoplastic na nke na-abụghị thixotropic n'okpuru okpomọkụ gel ha, mana ihe ndị Newtonian na-asọ asọ na obere shear rate. Pseudoplasticity na-abawanye na ibu molekul ma ọ bụ njupụta nke cellulose ether, n'agbanyeghị ụdị ihe nnọchi na ogo nke nnọchi. Ya mere, cellulose ethers nke otu ọkwa viscosity, n'agbanyeghị MC, HPMC, HEMC, ga-egosipụta otu ihe ndị dị na rheological ma ọ bụrụhaala na a na-edebe ntinye na okpomọkụ ahụ.
A na-emepụta gels nhazi mgbe okpomọkụ dị elu, mmiri thixotropic na-asọpụta nke ukwuu. Oke ntinye na obere viscosity cellulose ethers na-egosi thixotropy ọbụna n'okpuru okpomọkụ gel. Ihe onwunwe a bara uru nke ukwuu na nhazi nke ọkwa na ịda mba na owuwu nke ụlọ moto. Ọ dị mkpa ịkọwa ebe a na ka viscosity nke cellulose ether dị elu, otú ahụ ka njigide mmiri ka mma, mana viscosity dị elu, otú ahụ ka ibu molekul nke cellulose ether dị elu, na mbelata kwekọrọ na ya na ike ịgbaze ya, nke nwere mmetụta ọjọọ na ntinye moto na arụmọrụ owuwu. Ka viscosity dị elu, otú ahụ ka mmetụta thickening na moto ahụ si apụta ìhè, mana ọ bụghị nke zuru oke. Ụfọdụ viscosity dị ọkara na nke dị ala, mana cellulose ether emezigharịrị nwere arụmọrụ ka mma n'imeziwanye ike nhazi nke moto mmiri. Site na mmụba nke viscosity, njigide mmiri nke cellulose ether na-aka mma. 4. Nkwụsị nke cellulose ether
Nkwụsị nke cellulose ether: Ọrụ nke atọ nke cellulose ether bụ igbu oge usoro mmiri nke simenti. Cellulose ether na-enye turmi nwere ọtụtụ ihe bara uru, ma na-ebelata okpomọkụ mmiri nke simenti mbụ ma na-egbu oge usoro mmiri nke simenti. Nke a adịghị mma maka iji turmi na mpaghara oyi. Mmetụta nkwụsịtụ a na-akpata site na ntinye nke molekul cellulose ether na ngwaahịa mmiri dị ka CSH na ca(OH)2. N'ihi mmụba nke viscosity nke ngwọta pore, cellulose ether na-ebelata ngagharị nke ion na ngwọta ahụ, si otú a na-egbu oge usoro mmiri.
Oge ozi: Feb-04-2023