Kunemikhawulo ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kwe-gypsum paste ngokuxuba okukodwa. Uma ukusebenza kwe-gypsum mortar kuzofeza imiphumela eyanelisayo futhi kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zokusetshenziswa, kudingeka ukuxubana kwamakhemikhali, ukuxubana, ukugcwalisa kanye nezinto ezahlukahlukene ukuze kuhlanganiswe futhi kuhambisane ngokwesayensi nangokufanele.
1. I-coagulant
Ukulawula i-coagulant kuhlukaniswe kakhulu ngokuthi i-retarder kanye ne-coagulant. Ku-gesso dry mix mortar, umkhiqizo osebenzisa i-gesso ephekiwe ukwenza konke usebenzisa i-agent ye-coagulate, sebenzisa i-gesso engenamanzi noma umkhiqizo osebenzisa i-gesso yamanzi amabili ukwenza ngqo udinga ukukhuthaza i-agent ye-coagulate.
2. Umlindi
Ngokufaka i-retarder ezintweni zokwakha ezixubile ze-gypsum dry, inqubo yokumanzisa ye-semi-hydrous gypsum iyavinjelwa futhi isikhathi sokuqina siyanwetshwa. Izimo zokumanzisa ze-gypsum plaster ziyahlukahluka, kufaka phakathi ukwakheka kwesigaba se-gypsum plaster, izinga lokushisa lezinto ze-gypsum, ubuncane bezinhlayiya, isikhathi sokusetha kanye nenani le-pH lomkhiqizo oqediwe. Isici ngasinye sinethonya elithile emphumeleni wokulibazisa, ngakho-ke kunomehluko omkhulu enanini le-agent yokulibazisa ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene. Njengamanje, i-retarder ekhethekile ye-gypsum yasekhaya engcono kakhulu i-retarder ye-metamorphic protein (high protein), inezinzuzo zezindleko eziphansi, isikhathi eside sokulibazisa, ukulahlekelwa amandla amancane, ukwakhiwa okuhle, isikhathi eside sokuvula njalo njalo. Ohlotsheni olungezansi inani lokulungiselela i-gypsum stucco ngokuvamile liyi-0.06% ~ 0.15%.
3. I-coagulant
Ukusheshisa isikhathi sokuxuba i-slurry nokwandisa isivinini sokuxuba i-slurry kungenye yezindlela ezibonakalayo zokukhuthaza ukuhlangana. Ama-coagulant amakhemikhali avame ukusetshenziswa ezintweni zokwakha i-anhydrous gypsum powder yi-potassium chloride, i-potassium silicate, i-sulfate namanye ama-acid. Umthamo ngokuvamile u-0.2% ~ 0.4%.
4. I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi
Izinto zokwakha ze-Gesso dry mix azikwazi ukushiya i-ejenti yamanzi evikelayo. Ukuthuthukisa izinga lokugcina amanzi kwe-slurry yomkhiqizo we-gypsum ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amanzi angaba khona kwi-slurry ye-gypsum isikhathi eside ukuze kutholakale umswakama omuhle kanye nomphumela wokuqina. Ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum powder, ukunciphisa nokuvimbela ukuhlukaniswa nokopha kwe-slurry ye-gypsum, ukuthuthukisa ukugeleza kwe-slurry okulengayo, ukwandisa isikhathi sokuvula, ukuxazulula izinkinga zekhwalithi yobunjiniyela njengokuqhekeka kanye nesigubhu esingenalutho akuhlukaniseki ne-ejenti yokugcina amanzi. Ukuthi i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ifanelekile yini kuncike kakhulu ekuhlakazekeni kwayo, ukuncibilika okusheshayo, ukubumba, ukuzinza kokushisa kanye nokuqina, phakathi kwazo ukugcinwa kwamanzi kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu.
I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ye-cellulose ether
Njengamanje, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose iyona esetshenziswa kakhulu emakethe, ilandelwa yi-methyl cellulose, kanye ne-carboxymethyl cellulose. Izakhiwo eziphelele ze-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zingcono kune-methyl cellulose. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwe-carboxymethyl cellulose, kodwa umphumela wokujiya kanye nomphumela wokubopha mubi kakhulu kunowe-carboxymethyl cellulose. Ezintweni zokwakha ezixubile ze-gypsum dry, inani le-hydroxypropyl kanye ne-methyl cellulose liphakathi kuka-0.1% ~ 0.3%, kanti inani le-carboxymethyl cellulose liphakathi kuka-0.5% ~ 1.0%.
I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ngesitashi
Uhlobo lwesitashi luvikela i-ejenti yamanzi ngokuyisisekelo esetshenziswa ku-gesso be putty ezinganeni, imodeli yesendlalelo sobuso i-stucco gesso, ingathatha indawo ye-cellulose engaphelele noma ephelele ivikela i-ejenti yamanzi. Ukusebenza kahle, ukwakheka kanye nokuvumelana kwe-slurry kungathuthukiswa ngokungeza i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi yesitashi ezintweni zokwakha ezomile ze-gypsum. Imikhiqizo ye-ejenti yokugcina amanzi yesitashi evame ukusetshenziswa yi-cassava starch, i-pre-gelatinized starch, i-carboxymethyl starch, i-carboxypropyl starch. Uhlobo lwesitashi luvikela i-ejenti yamanzi isilinganiso esingu-0.3% ~ 1% ngokuvamile, uma i-dosage inkulu kakhulu ihlangana kwenza umkhiqizo we-gesso ukhiqize i-mold effect ngaphansi kwendawo emanzi, kuthinte ikhwalithi yephrojekthi ngqo.
③ I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi yohlobo lweglue
Ezinye izinamathiseli ezisheshayo nazo zingadlala indima engcono ekugcinweni kwamanzi. Njenge-17-88, i-24-88 polyvinyl alcohol powder, i-green gum kanye ne-guar gum esetshenziselwa i-bonding gypsum, i-gypsum putty, i-gypsum insulation glue kanye nezinye izinto zokwakha ezixubile ze-gypsum dry, enanini elithile lekesi, inganciphisa inani le-cellulose water retention agent. Ikakhulukazi ku-gypsum enamathela ngokushesha, ingathatha indawo ye-cellulose ethers kwezinye izimo.
(4) Izinto zokugcina amanzi ezingaphili
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinto ezihlanganisiwe zokugcina amanzi ezintweni zokwakha ezixutshwe ne-gypsum dry kunganciphisa inani lezinye izinto zokugcina amanzi, kunciphise izindleko zemikhiqizo, futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kahle nokwakhiwa kwe-gypsum slurry. Izinto zokugcina amanzi ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yi-bentonite, i-kaolin, i-diatomite, i-zeolite powder, i-perlite powder, ubumba lwe-attapulgite, njll.
5. I-Adhesive
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-glue ezintweni zokwakha ezixutshwe ne-gypsum dry kungaphansi kwe-ejenti yokugcina amanzi kanye ne-retarder. I-Gesso self leveling mortar, i-adhesive gesso, i-caulking gesso, i-heat preservation gesso glue ayikwazi ukushiya i-ejenti yokunamathela.
Impuphu ye-latex ephinde ihlakazeke:
Impuphu ye-latex ephinde ihlakazeke isetshenziswa kabanzi ku-motar yokulinganisa i-gypsum, i-glue yokuvimbela i-gypsum, i-putty ye-caulking ye-gypsum njalo njalo. Ikakhulukazi ku-motar yokulinganisa i-gypsum, ingenza ukunamathelana kwe-slurry, ukugeleza okuhle, ukunciphisa ukuhlukaniswa, ukugwema ukopha, ukuthuthukisa ukumelana nokuqhekeka njalo njalo nakho kudlale indima enkulu. Ukusetshenziswa ngokuvamile ku-1.2% ~ 2.5%.
Utshwala lwe-polyvinyl olusheshayo:
Njengamanje, i-polyvinyl alcohol encibilikisiwe ngokushesha enesilinganiso esengeziwe emakethe ingu-24-88, 17-88 umkhiqizo wamamodeli amabili, avame ukusetshenziswa ku-adhesive plaster, i-gesso, i-gesso compound heat preservation glue, i-stucco plaster neminye imikhiqizo, isilinganiso sivame ukuba ngu-0.4% ~ 1.2%.
I-Guar gum, i-field gelatin, i-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-starch ether nokunye kuyizinto zokunamathisela ezinemisebenzi ehlukene yokubopha ezintweni zokwakha ezixubile ze-gypsum dry.
6. Isiqinisi
Ukujiya kwenzelwa ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kanye nokugeleza kwe-gypsum slurry, okufana ne-glue kanye ne-ejenti yokugcina amanzi, kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele. Eminye imikhiqizo ye-ejenti yokujiya inhle kakhulu ekuqineni, kodwa inhlonipho ayifaneleki emandleni ahlangene, izinga lokugcina amanzi. Lapho kwenziwa izinto zokwakha ze-gypsum dry powder, umphumela oyinhloko wokuxuba kufanele ucatshangelwe ngokugcwele ukuze kusetshenziswe ukuxuba okungcono nangokufanele. Imikhiqizo ye-thickener evame ukusetshenziswa yi-polyacrylamide, i-green gum, i-guar gum, i-carboxymethyl cellulose.
7. I-ejenti yokufaka umoya
I-air entraining agent yaziwa nangokuthi i-foaming agent, esetshenziswa kakhulu kwi-gypsum insulation glue, i-plaster plaster kanye nezinye izinto zokwakha ezixubile ze-gypsum dry. I-air entraining agent (i-foaming agent) isiza ukuthuthukisa ukwakhiwa, ukumelana nokuqhekeka, ukumelana nesithwathwa, ukunciphisa ukopha kanye nokwahlukana, umthamo ngokuvamile ungo-0.01% ~ 0.02%.
8. I-ejenti yokuhlanza
I-ejenti yokususa i-foam ivame ukusetshenziswa ku-gesso self-leveling mortar, i-gesso caulking ibe putty ngaphakathi, ingakhuphula ubuningi be-pulp yezinto ezibonakalayo, amandla, ukumelana namanzi, ubulili be-caking, futhi umthamo uvame ukuba ngu-0.02% ~ 0.04%.
9. I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi
I-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ingathuthukisa ukugeleza kwe-gesso slurry kanye namandla omzimba okuqinisa i-gesso, ngokuvamile ku-gesso self leveling mortar, i-stucco gesso. Njengamanje, i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi yasekhaya iyi-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ebambezela i-polycarboxylic acid, i-melamine ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu, i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi esebenza kahle kakhulu ohlelweni lwetiye, i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi e-lignosulfonate ngokuya ngokugeleza kanye nomphumela wamandla. Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kanye namandla, kubalulekile ukunaka isikhathi sokusetha kanye nokulahlekelwa kokugeleza kwezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum lapho usebenzisa i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi ezintweni zokwakha ezixubile ze-gypsum ezomile.
10. I-ejenti yokuvimbela amanzi
Iphutha elikhulu lemikhiqizo ye-gypsum ukumelana namanzi okubi. Indawo enomswakama omkhulu womoya inezidingo eziphakeme zokumelana namanzi ze-gypsum dry mixed mortar. Ngokuvamile, ukumelana namanzi komzimba we-gypsum oqiniswe yi-gypsum kuyathuthukiswa ngokungeza ingxubevange ye-hydraulic. Ngaphansi kwesimo samanzi amanzi noma agcwele, i-coefficient yokuthambisa yomzimba we-gypsum oqiniswe yi-gypsum ingafinyelela ku-0.7, ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zamandla omkhiqizo. Ingxubevange yamakhemikhali ingasetshenziswa futhi ukunciphisa ukuncibilika kwe-gypsum (okungukuthi, ukwandisa i-coefficient yokuthambisa), ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-gypsum emanzini (okungukuthi, ukunciphisa ukumuncwa kwamanzi) nokunciphisa ukuguguleka komzimba we-gypsum oqiniswe yi-gypsum (okungukuthi, ukuhlukaniswa kwamanzi) indlela yokumelana namanzi. I-ejenti engangeni manzi ye-Gypsum ine-ammonium borate, i-methyl sodium silicate, i-silicone resin, i-milk fossil wax, umphumela uba ngcono kanye ne-ejenti engangeni manzi ye-silicone emulsion.
11. Isiqalisi esisebenzayo
I-gypsum yemvelo neyamakhemikhali engamanzi ingasetshenziswa ukuze inamathele futhi iqine, ukuze ifanelekele ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokwakha ezixubile ze-gypsum ezomile. I-activator ye-asidi ingasheshisa izinga lokumanzisa kwasekuqaleni kwe-gypsum engamanzi, ifinyeze isikhathi sokusetha futhi ithuthukise amandla okuqala omzimba oqiniswe yi-gypsum. I-activator ye-alkaline ayinawo umthelela omkhulu esilinganisweni sokuqala sokumanzisa kwasekuqaleni kwe-gypsum engamanzi, kodwa ngokusobala ingathuthukisa amandla akamuva omzimba oqiniswe yi-gypsum, futhi ingaba yingxenye yezinto zokwakha ukhonkolo we-hydraulic emzimbeni oqiniswe yi-gypsum, okuthuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana namanzi komzimba oqiniswe yi-gypsum. Umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwe-activator ye-acid-base compound ungcono kunowe-single acid noma i-basic activator. Ama-activator e-asidi afaka i-potassium alum, i-sodium sulfate, i-potassium sulfate njalo njalo. Ama-activator e-alkaline afaka i-quicklime, i-cement, i-cement clinker, i-calcined dolomite njalo njalo.
Isithambisi se-Thixotropic
I-lubricant ye-Thixovariable isetshenziswa ku-gypsum noma i-stuccoing gypsum ezilinganisayo, enganciphisa ukumelana kokugeleza kwe-gypsum mortar, yandise isikhathi sokuvula, ivimbele ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuhlaliswa kwe-slurry, ukuze i-slurry ithole ukuthamba okuhle kanye nokwakhiwa, ngenkathi yenza isakhiwo somzimba esiqinile sifane, yandise amandla aso ongaphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-25-2022